CN106204618A - Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision and sorting technique - Google Patents
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision and sorting technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision and sorting technique, comprises the steps: that (1) gathers the high clear colorful image of no defective product packaging, makes standard picture;Recycling photographic head captured in real-time, the high clear colorful image of online acquisition product to be measured packaging, as testing image;(2) based on SURF algorithm, testing image and standard picture are carried out images match;(3) two images after coupling in step (2) are differed from shadow operation, obtain defect image;(4) defect image is carried out feature extraction, obtain geometric properties and the color character of defect image;(5) use RBF neural algorithm, product surface of package defect is classified.The present invention carries out automatic defect detection and classification by Vision Builder for Automated Inspection, can avoid interference from human factor, cost of labor be greatly lowered, thus avoids the huge invisible costs such as training, the management that manual detection brings.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to packaging detection field, be specifically related to the inspection of a kind of product surface of package defect based on machine vision
Survey and sorting technique.
Background technology
Along with the development of printing industry in modern age, people are more and more higher to the requirement of printing technology.At the big back of the body of such epoch
Under scape, need quick high precision image detection recognizer to meet the high speed of current surface defects detection and high-precision
Requirement, from offline inspection to on-line checking, constantly promotes press to develop to high-quality, high efficiency, low cost direction.
Common surface defect mainly has: bites, dirty patch, cut, scumming, fly ink, aberration, register trouble etc..More than Yin
Situation causes percent defective too high, can have a strong impact on the quality of production.In order to strictly control disqualification rate, need printing when pair
Printing surface is detected, and the most each defective work is rejected.
Traditional detection method identifies mainly by human eye, rejects defective work, but human eye visual inspection easily produces fatigue,
The detection slow efficiency of speed is low, and the mark loss that, character little for area is intensive is higher, and cannot ensure unified quality mark
Accurate.Therefore, the detection automatically of surface defect is increasingly becoming the trend of industry.
For detecting surface defect, can directly compare the gray value of two width images, such as PatInspect instrument.With treating mapping
Image subtraction standard picture, if the difference of corresponding pixel points is more than given threshold value, is labeled as defect.But adopt at actual image
During collection, can there is a small amount of deviation in the position of image, and a large amount of defect pixel points that side-play amount causes can cover point, line defect
Exist, additionally, the single solution for diverse problems of threshold value affects Detection results.Another detects surface defect system such as DH-CHECK-C printing quality
Real-time and On-line, the mass colour that can detect printed patterns is deep or light, lines broken string, word are incomplete, can be to micro text
Integrity judges.This system is sampling check, the inspection bitten etc. for Process Character defect, such as register trouble, large area
Have certain effect, but this system for fly ink, aberration, cutter silk, bite, the detection of the sudden defect such as white point is not ten
Sub-argument is thought.
Additionally, existing most on-line checking is all based on gray level image, and the detection to color is little, but colour cast
Problem is a defect problem that can not be ignored.When detecting coloured image, traditional way is that coloured image is turned
Turn to gray level image, but this can lose many colouring informations so that the defect relevant with color is difficult to detect.
Therefore, existing surface defects detection system can only detect certain type, a range of defect, has certain
Limitation, speed is slow, testing cost is high, detect the shortcomings such as type is single to there is detection.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: present invention aim at for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of surface defects of products detection with
The universal method of classification, Detection accuracy is high, it is adaptable to general machine vision platform.
Technical scheme: product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision of the present invention and sorting technique, it is special
Levy and be, comprise the steps:
(1) gather the high clear colorful image of no defective product packaging, make standard picture;Recycling photographic head is clapped in real time
Taking the photograph, the high clear colorful image of online acquisition product to be measured packaging, as testing image;
(2) based on SURF algorithm, testing image and standard picture are carried out images match;
(3) two images after coupling in step (2) are differed from shadow operation, obtain defect image;
(4) defect image is carried out feature extraction, obtain geometric properties and the color character of defect image;
(5) use RBF neural algorithm, using the characteristic vector of defect image as input value, make with the kind of defect
For output valve, product surface of package defect is classified.
The present invention further preferably technical scheme is, in step (1), high clear colorful image is colored by 3CCD high definition face battle array
Camera utilizes reflection source collection to obtain.
Preferably, the standard picture of step (1) is that the high clear colorful image that multiple no defective products are packed uses statistics flat
All method synthesis.
Preferably, in step (2), the image matching method of testing image and standard picture comprises the steps:
A, in standard picture, a selected region, as template, uses SURF algorithm based on Color invariants, utilizes and schemes
As the calculated Color invariants of colour information extracts the characteristic point of image;
After b, extraction characteristic point, the half-tone information in conjunction with image is characterized a generation Feature Descriptor;
C, employing Euclidean distance carry out similarity measurement, extract the characteristic point of coupling between two width images, after finding match point,
On the basis of it, complete the registration of testing image and standard picture.
Preferably, the defect image in step (2) is corresponding poor pixel-by-pixel by the testing image after mating and standard picture
Obtain.
Preferably, in step (4), the geometric properties of defect image include the length of defect area, width, circularity, area,
Girth and direction;The color character of defect image includes color average and variance.
Preferably, in step (5) element number of the input layer of RBF neural by the defect map extracted in step (4)
The geometric properties of picture and the total quantity of color character determine;The element number of output layer is true by the kind of product surface of package defect
Fixed.
Beneficial effect: (1) present invention by Vision Builder for Automated Inspection carry out automatic defect detection with classification, can avoid artificial because of
Element interference, is greatly lowered cost of labor, thus avoids the huge invisible costs such as training, the management that manual detection brings;This
Invention uses SURF algorithm based on Color invariants to registrate testing image and standard picture, solves because of picture position
The problem that the point that causes of deviation that exists, line defect pixel are blanked, has reached each picture of testing image and standard picture
Element spatially one_to_one corresponding, and use SURF algorithm based on Color invariants to carry out registrating the face that can also utilize image
Color information, using colouring information as feature, accelerates registration speed, improves detection efficiency;The present invention uses RBF neural, pin
The learning capacity powerful to neutral net, identifies classification accurately to defect;
(2) Plays image of the present invention is the high clear colorful image employing statistical average method conjunction of multiple no defective products packaging
Become, owing to each species diversity also can be there is between certified products, in order to make testing result effective, multiple certified products gathered are used system
Meter averaging method synthesis is fabricated to standard picture, not only eliminates single image as the deviation caused by standard picture, the most also
Represent the real information of image, improve defects detection and the degree of accuracy of classification;
(3) defect image in the present invention is obtained by difference shadow method, as long as guaranteeing that testing image and standard picture have reached essence
Determining position, there is any difference, whether stain or cut between the two, can detect, Detection results carries at double
Rise, and calculus of finite differences method is simple, easily realizes, meets the requirement that on-line detecting system code is succinct;
(4) when the present invention carrying out feature extraction to defect image, owing to defects detection problem is complex, each feature
Between the degree of association relatively big, therefore the length of defect image, width, circularity, area, girth, direction, color average and variance are all made
Being characterized extraction, obtain more feature as far as possible, the mathematical description of feature is more complete, and the information dropout of image is few,
The classifying quality obtained under the conditions of same category device is more preferable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the detection described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and sorting technique;
Fig. 2 is RBF neural structure chart in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the clustering algorithm figure of RBF neural in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by accompanying drawing, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Described embodiment.
Embodiment 1: a kind of product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision and sorting technique, specifically includes as follows
Step:
(1) utilize high definition, high-speed camera head to gather the high clear colorful image of multiple no defective products packaging, use statistics flat
All methods synthesize standard picture;Recycling photographic head captured in real-time, the high clear colorful image of online acquisition product to be measured packaging, make
For testing image;
Statistical average method is the probability distribution according to each sampled pixel value, obtains assembly average as stencil value, if
The sample image gathered is that N opens, and each sample image is expressed as: fi(x, y), i=0,1, L N-1, then each pixel value in template
For:
(2) testing image and standard picture being registrated based on SURF algorithm, the concrete grammar of registration is: in standard picture
A selected region, as template, uses SURF algorithm based on Color invariants, utilizes the calculated face of image color information
Chromatic invariant extracts the characteristic point of image;Extract after characteristic point, be characterized in conjunction with the half-tone information of image and generate a feature and retouch
State son;Use Euclidean distance to carry out similarity measurement, extract the characteristic point of coupling between two width images, after finding match point, with it
On the basis of, complete the registration of testing image and standard picture,
For meeting human visual system and the approximate form of CIE-1964-XYZ benchmark, obtain (E, Eλ,Eλλ) and RGB color
The relational expression of image:
Color invariants is:
To RGB image, Color invariants H can be calculated by above-mentioned formulainv;
Standard picture and testing image are calculated Color invariants as input information, set up graphical rule space, then
Use quick Hessian matrix to detect the extreme point on each tomographic image, in space any point (x, y), yardstick is σ,
Hessian matrix is defined as:
Here Lxx、Lxy、LyySecond dervative and input picture H for Gaussian functioninvThe result of convolution, obtains Hessian
Determinant of a matrix is:
Det (H)=DxxDyy-(0.9Dxy)2,
Here Dxx、Dxy、DyyFor L during σ=1.2xx、Lxy、Lyy, extreme point that Hessian matrix is detected, set one
Individual threshold value, when extreme point is more than threshold value, carries out non-maxima suppression to this extreme point in the three-dimensional neighborhood of 3 × 3 × 3, if
Neighbour 26 near values are all big, then elect characteristic point as, carry out interpolation at metric space, obtain stable characteristic point position and place
Scale-value.If extreme point is less than threshold value, then get rid of this point;
After obtaining characteristic point, it is first determined the principal direction of characteristic point, then coordinate axes is rotated to principal direction, by calculating
Obtain description vectors, after normalization, form description of characteristic point, the similarity measurement employing Euclidean distance of two characteristic vectors:
Wherein, XikRepresent the kth element that the ith feature point character pair in standard picture is vectorial, XjkRepresent template
The kth element of the jth Feature point correspondence characteristic vector in image, n is characterized the dimension of vector, obtains one according to above formula
Distance set, sets threshold value, when minimum range and time minimum range ratio are less than threshold value, then and the two Feature Points Matching;
(3) carry out after registration differing from shadow operation, obtain defect image, and defect image is processed, extract feature;
Defect image is carried out feature extraction, and owing to defects detection problem is complex, between each feature, the degree of association is relatively big,
So obtaining more feature the most as far as possible, including geometric properties and color characteristic, geometric properties is defect area here
Length, width, area, girth, circularity, direction, color characteristic is color average and variance, and the mathematical description of feature is the most complete,
The information dropout of image is the fewest, and under the conditions of same category device, classifying quality is the best;
(4) use RBF neural algorithm that defect is classified, determine surface by geometric properties and color characteristic
Defect is classified;
The characteristic vector that input is defect image of RBF neural, extracts the characteristic of defect image, including above-mentioned
Geometric properties and color characteristic, using them as the input of network, so that it is determined that the unit number of input layer is 8, according to
The identification requirement reached, effectively identifies the defect of product packaging, including aberration, stain, cutter silk, scumming, bites, flies
Ink, the number therefore selecting output layer unit is 6, and the output of the most each unit represents a kind of defect type, the most just determines
The input of network and output layer unit number, as in figure 2 it is shown, the output valve of network output layer is generally non-integer, in classification
Time, in order to make output valve have meaning directly perceived, output is taken as integer, i.e. if yi≤ 0.1, then take yi=0;If yi>=0.9, then take
yi=1, i=1, L, 6.If output vector is (0.998,0.02,0.004,0,0.015,0.1) ≈ (1,0,0,0,0,0), represent
There is chromatic aberration defect;
Feature based on said extracted, packs defect image by RBF neural sorting algorithm to product and is analyzed, really
Determining defect type, RBF neural training step is as follows: first determine hidden node in RBF net with clustering method (as shown in Figure 3)
Data center, and the extension constant of hidden node is determined according to the distance between each data center, then use least square method meter
Calculate the output weights of each hidden node,
The eigenvalue x that input is extractedi, i=1, L, 8, after determining data center, obtaining hidden layer output battle array is:
Then to all samples, network is output asOrderFor approximate error, by given output y=
[y1,L,y6], minimizeOutput weightsAccording to the RBF nerve net inputted and train
Network, output obtains defect classification.
Although as it has been described above, represented and described the present invention with reference to specific preferred embodiment, but it must not be explained
For the restriction to the present invention self.Under the spirit and scope of the present invention premise defined without departing from claims, can be right
Various changes can be made in the form and details for it.
Claims (7)
1. product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision and sorting technique, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) gather the high clear colorful image of no defective product packaging, make standard picture;Recycling photographic head captured in real-time,
Line gathers the high clear colorful image of product to be measured packaging, as testing image;
(2) based on SURF algorithm, testing image and standard picture are carried out images match;
(3) two images after coupling in step (2) are differed from shadow operation, obtain defect image;
(4) defect image is carried out feature extraction, obtain geometric properties and the color character of defect image;
(5) RBF neural algorithm is used, using the characteristic vector of defect image as input value, using the kind of defect as defeated
Go out value, product surface of package defect is classified.
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and sorting technique, its feature
Being, in step (1), high clear colorful image is utilized reflection source collection to obtain by 3CCD high definition face battle array color camera.
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and sorting technique, its feature
Being, the standard picture of step (1) is that the high clear colorful image of multiple no defective products packaging uses statistical average method synthesis.
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and sorting technique, its feature
Being, in step (2), the image matching method of testing image and standard picture comprises the steps:
A, in standard picture, a selected region, as template, uses SURF algorithm based on Color invariants, utilizes image coloured silk
The calculated Color invariants of color information extracts the characteristic point of image;
After b, extraction characteristic point, the half-tone information in conjunction with image is characterized a generation Feature Descriptor;
C, employing Euclidean distance carry out similarity measurement, extract the characteristic point of coupling between two width images, after finding match point, with it
On the basis of, complete the registration of testing image and standard picture.
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and sorting technique, its feature
Being, the defect image in step (2) is obtained by the testing image after mating and standard picture corresponding difference of making pixel-by-pixel.
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and sorting technique, its feature
Being, in step (4), the geometric properties of defect image includes the length of defect area, width, circularity, area, girth and side
To;The color character of defect image includes color average and variance.
Product surface of package defects detection based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and sorting technique, its feature
Being, in step (5), the element number of the input layer of RBF neural is special by the geometry of the defect image extracted in step (4)
The total quantity of color character of seeking peace determines;The element number of output layer is determined by the kind of product surface of package defect.
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