CN106202870B - A kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method - Google Patents
A kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering methods, including step：One, country rock basic mechanical parameter determines；Two, roadway's sides are reserved excavated volume and are determined；Three, roadway excavation；Four, tunnel portion of side supporting construction determines：Roadway support structure includes multiple roadway support units and Duo Gen grouted anchor bars, and tunnel portion of side supporting unit and grouted anchor bar are in being laid staggeredly and it includes bottom plate support system and tunnel portion of side support system；Five, supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed；Six, next segment is excavated and supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed；Seven, step 6 is repeated several times, until completing the whole excavations and supporting roadway surrounding rock work progress of shallow coal level lane.Reasonable design of the present invention and realization facilitate, using effect is good, excavated volume is reserved according to the surrouding rock deformation situation in short distance underlying seam tunnel to roadway's sides to be determined respectively, and effective support is carried out to tunnel with roadway support unit matching using grouted anchor bar, it can effectively solve the problems, such as the bottom distension in tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to roadway construction technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method.
Background technology
In recent years, with gradually exhausted, short distance thin coal seam cluster exploitation (the also referred to as contiguous seams of medium-thickness seam resource
Exploitation) become one of the inexorable trend that current coal resources develop.It has been generally acknowledged that coal seam interlamellar spacing is close, when exploitation, has notable
Interactional coal seam；Refer generally to the coal seam that coal seam is smaller than 30m.Since coal seam spacing is smaller in contiguous seams, by upper
The influence of the concentration pressure of coal column formation is left after portion's seam mining, surrouding rock deformation is violent, wherein the coal mass strength of roadway's sides
Usually compared with the coal mass strength of roof and floor weakness, the deflection of roadway's sides coal body has become greatly lower part stope drift active workings support work
Key points and difficulties, and all multi-experts and field engineering technical staff have made intensive studies this.Wherein, Zhang Wei passes through to close
The layout of actual mining roadway for carrying out field measurement discovery underlying seam is deformed apart from heading in stress relaxed area, is still occurred
Situation of a gang of deformation in tunnel more than another side；Hu Minjun etc. thinks to help suffered horizontal stress size due to lower heading two
It differs, tunnel is more than close to the Bang Bu deformation and failures area of coal column side close to entity coal side；Zhang Jihua etc. is soft with mathematical computations
Part analyzes the asymmetry that short distance underlying seam tunnel portion of side deformation instability occurs, it is indicated that the deformation feelings close to coal column side
Condition is considerably beyond close to entity coal side；Yang Zhiwen proposes to solve pole from roadway layout, supporting measure, pre- explosion overlying coal column etc.
The stable problem in tunnel under the more goafs of contiguous seams；Fang Xinqiu uses field measurement, theory analysis and numerical simulation, passes through
Design top plate and two different supporting parameters are helped, analyzes the displacement of tunnel coal side and roof and floor under different computation models.In addition, also
Have some documents also by numerical simulation and theory analysis to the deformation of short distance underlying seam roadway surrounding rock and support technology into
Discussion is gone.
As shown in the above, nowadays to the research of the deformation of short distance lower coal mining roadway and its supporting achieve compared with
More achievements, but all carried out using numerical simulation and field measurement, and determined based on engineering analogy or construction experience
Excavation, supporting scheme and parameter there is prodigious random and blindness.Due under Close Quarters Goaf stope drift active workings by
Force environment has the achievement in research and discomfort of significant difference, existing single coal bed roadway deformation and supporting compared with single coal bed tunnel
For the stope drift active workings under Close Quarters Goaf.
In addition, nowadays having carried out further investigated to the formation mechenism and its control measure of stope drift active workings bottom distension.But due to
The complexity of coal mine roadway stress state and rock property to the understanding that bottom distension mechanism is not still unified so far, and then causes existing
The determination of bottom distension control measure uses the empirical method of engineering analog method and construction personnel mostly, have sizable blindness and
To the dependence of experience, bottom distension regulation effect is unsatisfactory.Engineering is in practice after roadway excavation, and for bottom plate, two help rock mass
Play a part of transmitting stress, it is closely related that the generation and development of bottom distension help the distribution of support pressure with two.But it controls at present
The method of reason bottom distension is concentrated mainly in the processing of bottom plate, first, method for strengthening, i.e. floor grouting, bottom plate anchor pole or closed branch
Frame；Second is that destressing method, i.e. bottom plate joint-cutting, bottom plate destressing borehole or standing；Third, roadside packing method, i.e., stope drift active workings two
A certain range of coal is helped to produce, be further filled with existing certain Support Resistance has the filler of certain yielding property energy again, makes
Lane side stress is shifted to deep.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of short distance coal
Layer floor lift in gallery administering method, method and step is simple, reasonable design and realization are convenient, using effect is good, according under short distance
The surrouding rock deformation situation of portion's heading is reserved excavated volume to roadway's sides and is determined respectively, and uses grouted anchor bar and tunnel
Supporting unit matching carries out effective support to tunnel, can effectively solve the problems, such as the bottom distension in short distance underlying seam tunnel.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension is administered
Method, it is characterised in that：Multiple segments are divided to excavate shallow coal level lane from the front to the back along tunnel longitudinal extension
And supporting roadway surrounding rock construction；The cross section of the shallow coal level lane be rectangle and its be the lane exploited in underlying seam
Road, the shallow coal level lane are located at a side-lower of upper heading, and the upper heading is to be opened in superjacent
The tunnel adopted, the superjacent is located above underlying seam, and is divided by interlayer between superjacent and underlying seam
Every；The shallow coal level lane is in parallel laying with upper heading；The side of the upper heading be goaf and its
The other side is the protection coal pillar reserved, and the shallow coal level lane is located at below goaf；The shallow coal level lane leans on
The side tunnel portion of side of nearly upper heading is that coal column pushes side coal side, and the other side tunnel portion of side of shallow coal level lane is upper
Rock stratum pushes side coal side；When carrying out excavation and the construction of lane side surrounding rock supporting to shallow coal level lane, multiple segments
Excavation and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction method all same；Any segment of shallow coal level lane excavate and tunnel is enclosed
When rock supporting construction, include the following steps：
Step 1: country rock basic mechanical parameter determines：Laboratory test is carried out by boring sample to scene, to currently being applied
The country rock basic mechanical parameter of work segment is tested, and synchronizes record to test result；
It is determined Step 2: roadway's sides reserve excavated volume：It is right according to identified country rock basic mechanical parameter in step 1
The reserved excavated volume in the both sides tunnel portion of side of current construction segment is determined respectively；
When being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the overlying rock pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, completed according to excavating
Currently the overlying rock of construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S that side coal is helped afterwards1It is determined；WhereinIn formula (1),H is the net of shallow coal level lane (1)
Height, and a and h unit are m；Top plate largest amount of subsidence of the Δ h by current construction segment after the completion of excavation；E is currently is applied
The synthetical elastic modulus of rock mass is helped in work segment two and its unit is Pa；P1Rock mass elastic plastic interphase is helped by current segment two of being constructed
On horizontal pressure force and P1=λ k1γ H (2), k in formula (2)1Rock mass elastoplasticity circle is helped by current segment two of being constructed
The factor of stress concentration on face, γ by current construction segment overlying rock volume-weighted average and its unit be N/m3, H is current
The buried depth of constructed segment and its unit are m, λ be currently the elastic characteristic value of beam on elastic foundation, the bullet in construction segment
Property grade beam help rock mass by the two of current construction segment；l1=x0+le(3), l in formula (3)eBy current segment of being constructed
Two help the width and l of rock mass elastic regione=h ± Δs h', Δ h'=0m~0.3m；x0By the lane side limit of current construction segment
Balance sector width andC is current segment tunnel two of being constructed in formula (4)
The cohesive strength of rock mass is helped,By the internal friction angle of current construction segment roadway's sides rock mass； In formula (5)
KsThe shear stiffness coefficient of interface between the roadway's sides rock mass and roof and floor of current construction segment；
When being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the coal column pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, work as after the completion according to excavating
The coal column of preceding construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side2It is determined；Wherein It is public
L in formula (6)2For the width of protection coal pillar, P2=λ k2γ H (8), k in formula (8)2By the coal of current construction segment
Column pushes the factor of stress concentration of side coal side inside and the rock mass immediately below protection coal pillar；
Step 3: roadway excavation：According in step 2 the both sides tunnel portion of side of identified current construction segment it is reserved
Excavated volume from the front to the back excavates segment of currently constructing；
Step 4: roadway support structure determination：Used roadway support structure includes multiple roadway support units and more
Root grouted anchor bar, tunnel longitudinal extension from the front to the back cloth of multiple roadway support units along shallow coal level lane
If the more grouted anchor bars are laid from the front to the back along the tunnel longitudinal extension of shallow coal level lane, and the tunnel
Supporting unit is in be laid staggeredly with grouted anchor bar；
The structure all same of multiple roadway support units；The roadway support unit includes being laid in contiguous seams
Bottom plate support system on roadway floor and it is laid in tunnel portion of the side supporting that tunnel is helped at left and right sides of shallow coal level lane
System, the bottom plate support system and tunnel side portion's support system are laid in the same tunnel of shallow coal level lane
On section；It, need to be to the bottom plate support system and the tunnel when being determined to the supporting construction of the roadway support unit
The supporting construction of side portion's support system is determined respectively；Wherein, supporting construction used by tunnel side portion's support system
According to the lane side limiting equilibrium sector width x of current constructed segment0It is determined；
When being determined to supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, first enclosed according to identified in step 1
This mechanics parameter of batholith, and according to formula Current institute is calculated
The roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth h of construction segmentmax；And according to formulaIt is calculated
Level of the roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth away from adjacent tunnel side wall at left and right sides of current construct segment bottom away from
From l0；In formula (8-1) and (8-2),By the internal friction angle of current construction segment roadway floor rock mass；Later, according to determining
Roadway floor maximal destruction depth hmaxThe horizontal distance l of wall is helped with roadway floor maximal destruction depth to tunnel0, to institute
Supporting construction is determined used by stating bottom plate support system；
The more grouted anchor bars be in it is parallel laying and its with the coal column of current construct segment push side coal help be in
Vertical runs；The grouted anchor bar is located at the middle part of the coal column pushing side coal side of current constructed segment and it is laid in current institute
It constructs on a cross section of segment；
Step 5: supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed：According to identified roadway support structure in step 4, to currently being constructed
Segment carries out supporting construction；
Step 6: next segment is excavated and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction：Step 1 is repeated to step 5, to next segment into
Row excavates and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction；
Step 7: step 6 is repeated several times, until completing the whole excavations and supporting roadway surrounding rock of shallow coal level lane
Work progress.
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：The shallow coal level lane is back production
Tunnel and its clear height is identical as the clear height of underlying seam；When carrying out roadway excavation in step 3, according to conventional mine stope drift active workings
The construction method of excavation excavates current constructed segment.
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：The longitudinal length of multiple segments is equal
For 10m~50m, the level interval between the shallow coal level lane and upper heading is 8m~12m；
The coal column of the shallow coal level lane pushes side coal side inside rock mass and is divided into primary deformation zone, second from outside to inside
Deformed area and third deformed area, the primary deformation zone are located at below goaf, and second deformation zone is located at below upper heading,
Third deformed area is located at below protection coal pillar；The second deformation zone is of same size with upper heading, the third deformation
The width in area and protection coal pillar it is of same size；
L described in step 21For the width of primary deformation zone, the primary deformation zone be divided into from the inside to the outside rupture zone,
Plastic zone and elastic region；The k2By current institute construction segment coal column push side coal help on the inside of third deformed area in rock mass
The factor of stress concentration.
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：Worked as after the completion according to excavation in step 2
The overlying rock of preceding construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side1, the overlying rock for segment of currently constructing is pushed
When the reserved excavated volume of side coal side is determined, according to formula Δ d1=S1+ Δ d1 (9) is determined；In formula (9), Δ d1
=0.05m~0.12m；
The inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side is pushed according to the coal column of current construction segment after the completion of excavating2, to currently applying
When the reserved excavated volume that the coal column of work segment pushes side coal side is determined, according to formula Δ d2=S2+ Δ d2 (10) carries out true
It is fixed；In formula (10), Δ d2=0.05m~0.12m.
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：Before roadway excavation being carried out in step 3,
First according to the reserved excavated volume in the both sides tunnel portion of side of identified current construction segment in step 2, and combine contiguous seams
The design width B in tunnel pushes the overlying rock for segment of currently constructing the practical excavation width b of the side sides Mei Bang1And coal column
Push the practical excavation width b of the side sides Mei Bang2It is determined respectively；Wherein, b1=b+ Δs d1, b2=b+ Δs d2,And b
Unit with B is m；
The practical excavation width b'=b of current construction segment1+b2；
When carrying out roadway excavation in step 3, according to the center line in roadway for current the constructed segment being pre-designed, and tie
B determined by closing1And b2, current constructed segment is excavated.
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：The length of grouted anchor bar described in step 4
Degree is rm'；Wherein rm'=rm-b2,rmUnit be m；In formula (11), r0For low coverage
Radius of equivalent circle from heading andB is the design width of shallow coal level lane, r0、a、b
Unit with B is m；L=2r0。
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：Bottom plate support system described in step 4
Used supporting construction is prestressed anchor supporting construction；
When being determined to supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, according to the reality of current constructed segment
Excavation width b' is determined：As b'＜ 3m, the bottom plate support system includes two foundation plate anchor poles of left and right, two bottoms
Plate anchor pole is in vertically to laying, and two bottom plate anchor poles are respectively the first left-side bottom anchor pole and the first right side bottom plate anchor
Spacing and first right side bottom plate on the left of bar, the first left-side bottom anchor pole and current constructed segment between lane side
Spacing on the right side of anchor pole and current constructed segment between lane side is l0；As b' >=3m, the bottom plate support system includes
Four foundation plate anchor poles, four bottom plate anchor poles are in vertically to laying, and four bottom plate anchor poles include two second left sides
Bottom plate anchor pole and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles, the center between two second left-side bottom anchor poles and current institute
Horizontal distance on the left of construction segment between lane side is l0, center between two second right side bottom plate anchor poles with work as
Horizontal distance on the right side of preceding constructed segment between lane side is l0；The first left-side bottom anchor pole, first right side bottom plate
The length of anchor pole, two second left-side bottom anchor poles and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles is not less than hmax；
Supporting construction used by tunnel side portion's support system is prestressed anchor supporting construction；Portion of the tunnel side
Supporting construction used by support system is respectively symmetrically laid in tunnel at left and right sides of shallow coal level lane including two and helps
Side portion's supporting construction, the structure of two portion of side supporting construction is identical；The portion of side supporting construction includes being laid in low coverage
Tunnel portion of the side anchor pole that tunnel from heading is helped and laid in horizontal direction；The length of tunnel side portion's anchor pole is equal to
l1'+x0+l2', wherein l1'=10cm~20cm, l2'=30cm~50cm.
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：Used by the bottom plate support system
Supporting construction further includes two side angle anchor poles for being respectively symmetrically laid in shallow coal level lane bottom plate left and right ends；Described first
Left-side bottom anchor pole, the first right side bottom plate anchor pole, two second left-side bottom anchor poles and two second right sides
The length of bottom plate anchor pole is equal to l1'+K·hmax+l2', the length of two side angle anchor poles is L1Andl1'=10cm~20cm, l2'=30cm~50cm；K be safety coefficient and K=1~
1.5。
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：In step 4 described in front and back adjacent two
Spacing between grouted anchor bar is 0.8m~1.2m, the spacing between the front and back two neighboring roadway support unit be 0.8m~
1.2m。
A kind of above-mentioned shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterized in that：The portion's supporting of tunnel side described in step 4
Supporting construction is prestressed anchor supporting construction used by system and the bottom plate support system；
When in step 5 to current construct segment progress supporting construction, elder generation from the front to the back to the more grouted anchor bars into
Row construction, then from the front to the back constructs to supporting construction used by multiple tunnel side portion's support systems, later again by
It constructs to supporting construction used by multiple bottom plate support systems before backward.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1, control method step is simple, realizes that convenient and input cost is low.
2, reasonable design and realization convenience, to ensure excavation effect, divide multiple from the front to the back along tunnel longitudinal extension
Shallow coal level lane is excavated segment；Also, when being excavated to any one segment of shallow coal level lane, first really
Country rock basic mechanical parameter is determined, further according to identified country rock basic mechanical parameter to the both sides tunnel portion of side for segment of currently constructing
Reserved excavated volume be determined respectively, finally according to it is identified it is current construction segment both sides tunnel portion of side reserved excavation
Amount from the front to the back excavates segment of currently constructing, and easy construction and work progress is easily controllable can have strong operability.
3, the reserved excavation method for determination of amount in used current construction segment both sides tunnel portion of side is simple, it is easy to realize
And using effect is good, rationally, accurately, can be effectively ensured ensures shallow coal level lane after molding to identified reserved excavated volume
Inner space meets design requirement.The inward displacement that identified reserved excavated volume pushes side coal side with overlying rock respectively is theoretical
Value S1The inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side is pushed with coal column2It is corresponding, and in view of shallow coal level lane in practice of construction
Complex deformation factor, and to overlying rock push side coal side inward displacement theoretical value S1The inside of side coal side is pushed with coal column
Displacement theory value S2It is superimposed certain adjustment amount (i.e. Δ d1 and Δ d2) respectively.Also, overlying rock pushes the inside of side coal side
Displacement theory value S1The inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side is pushed with coal column2Determination method it is simple, rationally and precision is high, can letter
Just the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side, is quickly and accurately pushed to overlying rock1The inside position of side coal side is pushed with coal column
Move theoretical value S2It is determined.
4, used roadway support is reasonable in design and design process is simple, it is convenient to realize, including multiple tunnel branch
Protect unit and Duo Gen grouted anchor bars, multiple roadway support units along shallow coal level lane tunnel longitudinal extension by backward
Preceding laying, more grouted anchor bars are laid from the front to the back along the tunnel longitudinal extension of shallow coal level lane, and roadway support
Unit and grouted anchor bar are in being laid staggeredly, easy construction and construction quality is easily-controllable.
Asymmetrical deformation situation existing for lane side (also referred to as coal side) for shallow coal level lane, in coal after the completion of excavation
Column pushes side coal side more grouted anchor bars of middle part laying and is reinforced, and the Design of length of grouted anchor bar is reasonable, passes through more slip castings
The entire rupture zone that anchor pole can push coal column in side coal side is effectively reinforced, and labor and material saving is time saving.
Meanwhile by supporting construction used by rational design tunnel portion of side support system and bottom plate support system, to close
Tunnel portion of side and bottom plate apart from heading are effectively reinforced, and squeezing for complex condition rectangle stope drift active workings can be effectively solved
Press mobility bottom distension problem.Wherein supporting construction used by tunnel portion of side support system according to lane side limiting equilibrium sector width into
Row determines, and supporting construction used by bottom plate support system is broken according to roadway floor maximal destruction depth and roadway floor maximum
Bad depth to adjacent tunnel helps the horizontal distance of wall to determine, and is aided with the reinforcement effect of tunnel portion of side support system to control back
Floor lift in gallery is adopted, under the premise of meeting stable supporting, reliable and safety, achievees the purpose that cost-effective, there is economic, input
The advantages that construction cost is relatively low, safe and reliable, thus can be that normally production provides a strong guarantee in mine.
5, using effect is good and practical value is high, invades tunnel headroom after capable of effectively solving coal side asymmetrical deformation and influences
The problem of tunnel normal use, two help reserved different excavated volume when roadway excavation, it is ensured that shallow coal level lane after molding
Inner space meets design requirement.First, reserved to roadway's sides according to the surrouding rock deformation situation in short distance underlying seam tunnel
Excavated volume is determined respectively, is invaded tunnel headroom after capable of effectively solving coal side asymmetrical deformation and is influenced tunnel normal use
Problem；Meanwhile effectively reinforcing, supporting are carried out to lane side and bottom plate using grouted anchor bar and roadway support unit matching, it avoids
The reclamation work in short distance underlying seam tunnel, and construction cost is low.
The present invention is directed to stope drift active workings coal side under goaf (i.e. shallow coal level lane coal side) in overlying rock and coal column
Support pressure under be also easy to produce asymmetrical deformation, coal side cracking thickness and its displacement directly affect roadway excavation scheme and its
Supporting effect.The objective difficulties that the deficiency and field measurement of rupture range theoretical research are helped for existing coal, using rational coal
Side rupture zone thickness determines method, and according to identified rupture zone thickness to helping arrangement grouted anchor bar in coal, and examines respectively
Consider influence of the overlying rock with abutment pressure and roof and floor relative movement to the deformation of coal side, establishes lower heading two and help
Different displacement computation model, it is proposed that asymmetric reserved excavation plan.
Since in most cases, the generation of floor lift in gallery helps the extruding flowing of rock mass related with two, thus to support pressure
The statistical regulation and its limiting equilibrium sector width of lower tunnel coal side are studied, and then are determined and squeezed tunnel under flox condition
The collapse dept of bottom plate, and propose corresponding bottom plate supporting scheme and its parameter.Also, skill used by present patent application
Theory of beam on elastic is run in art scheme, on considering the rock mass deformation of lane side both sides and limiting equilibrium area and elastic region
On the basis of square support pressure is to rock mass deformation destroying infection in limiting equilibrium area, to Liang Bang limiting equilibriums area's rock mass and bottom plate rock
The deformation process of body carries out comprehensive and systematic analysis, and acquires lane side limiting equilibrium sector width, and then determines roadway floor rock mass
Coal side squeeze under generate Plastic Flow when maximum shear collapse dept and its with corresponding coal side at a distance from, set on this basis
Meter two is helped and the Bolting Parameters of bottom plate, fundamentally prevents floor lift in gallery, and due to tunnel roof and floor and two changes helped
Shape influences each other, and mutually restricts, and supporting scheme of the present invention rationally designs roadway floor and the two suspension roof support ginsengs helped
Number, makes the Deformation control of roadway floor in the range of specification allows, and bottom distension disaster is formed after avoiding bottom plate excessive deformation from destroying,
Strong technical guarantee is provided for the efficient high yield of coal mine.
In conclusion the method for the present invention step is simple, reasonable design and realization are convenient, using effect is good, according to closely
The surrouding rock deformation situation in underlying seam tunnel is reserved excavated volume to roadway's sides and is determined respectively, and uses grouted anchor bar and lane
Supporting unit matching in road carries out effective support to tunnel, can effectively solve the problems, such as the bottom distension in short distance underlying seam tunnel, avoid
The reclamation work in short distance underlying seam tunnel, and construction cost is low.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for the lane side Stress calculation model of the established shallow coal level lane of the present invention structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 for the present invention established shallow coal level lane roadway's sides rock mass elastic plastic interphase Stress calculation model
Structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the roadway excavation method flow block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the layout position illustration of grouted anchor bar of the present invention.
Fig. 5 for the used supporting construction of roadway support unit of the present invention structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is mechanical model schematic diagram when mobility pucking occurs squeezing in roadway floor.
Fig. 7 for the established roadway floor collapse dept computation model of the present invention structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 for the established roadway floor plastic failure model of the present invention structural schematic diagram.
Reference sign:
1-shallow coal level lane；1-1-primary deformation zone；1-2-second deformation zone；
1-3-third deformed area；2-underlying seams；3-upper headings；
4-superjacents；5-interlayers；6-goafs；
7-protection coal pillars；8-grouted anchor bars；9-tunnel portion of side anchor poles；
10-side angle anchor poles；11-vertical bottom plate anchor poles.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method as shown in Figure 3, it is characterised in that：Along tunnel longitudinal extension
Multiple segments are divided to carry out excavation and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction to shallow coal level lane 1 from the front to the back；The contiguous seams
The cross section in tunnel 1 is rectangle and the tunnel that it is the exploitation in underlying seam 2, and the shallow coal level lane 1 is located at upper coal
One side-lower in layer tunnel 3, the upper heading 3 are the tunnel exploited in superjacent 4, and the superjacent 4 is located at
2 top of underlying seam, and be separated by interlayer 5 between superjacent 4 and underlying seam 2；The shallow coal level lane 1
It is in parallel laying with upper heading 3；The side of the upper heading 3 is goaf 6 and its other side is reserved protection
Coal column 7, the shallow coal level lane 1 are located at 6 lower section of goaf；The shallow coal level lane 1 is close to upper heading 3
Side tunnel portion of side is that coal column pushes side coal side, and the other side tunnel portion of side of shallow coal level lane 1 is that overlying rock pushes side
Coal is helped；When carrying out excavation and the construction of lane side surrounding rock supporting to shallow coal level lane 1, the excavation of multiple segments and tunnel are enclosed
Rock construction method for supporting all same；Any segment of shallow coal level lane 1 excavate and supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed
When, include the following steps：
Step 1: country rock basic mechanical parameter determines：Laboratory test is carried out by boring sample to scene, to currently being applied
The country rock basic mechanical parameter of work segment is tested, and synchronizes record to test result；
It is determined Step 2: roadway's sides reserve excavated volume：It is right according to identified country rock basic mechanical parameter in step 1
The reserved excavated volume in the both sides tunnel portion of side of current construction segment is determined respectively；
When being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the overlying rock pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, completed according to excavating
Currently the overlying rock of construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S that side coal is helped afterwards1It is determined；WhereinIn formula (1),H is the clear height of shallow coal level lane 1,
And a and h unit are m；Top plate largest amount of subsidence of the Δ h by current construction segment after the completion of excavation；E is current section of being constructed
Section two helps the synthetical elastic modulus of rock mass and its unit is Pa；P1It is helped on rock mass elastic plastic interphase by current construction segment two
Horizontal pressure force and P1=λ k1γ H (2), k in formula (2)1It is helped on rock mass elastic plastic interphase by current segment two of being constructed
The factor of stress concentration, γ by current construction segment overlying rock volume-weighted average and its unit be N/m3, H is currently is applied
The buried depth of work segment and its unit are m, λ be currently the elastic characteristic value of beam on elastic foundation in construction segment, it is described flexibly
Ji Liang helps rock mass by the two of current construction segment；l1=x0+le(3), l in formula (3)eIt is helped by current segment two of being constructed
The width and l of rock mass elastic regione=h ± Δs h', Δ h'=0m~0.3m；x0By the lane side limiting equilibrium of current construction segment
Sector width andC is current segment roadway's sides of being constructed in formula (4)
The cohesive strength of rock mass,Unit by the internal friction angle of current institute's construction segment roadway's sides rock mass, c is Pa；K in formula (5)sInterface is tangential between the roadway's sides rock mass and roof and floor of current construction segment
Stiffness coefficient；
When being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the coal column pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, work as after the completion according to excavating
The coal column of preceding construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side2It is determined；Wherein It is public
L in formula (6)2For the width of protection coal pillar 7, P2=λ k2γ H (8), k in formula (8)2By the coal of current construction segment
Column pushes the factor of stress concentration of side coal side inside and the rock mass immediately below protection coal pillar 7；
Step 3: roadway excavation：According in step 2 the both sides tunnel portion of side of identified current construction segment it is reserved
Excavated volume from the front to the back excavates segment of currently constructing；
Step 4: roadway support structure determination：Used roadway support structure includes multiple roadway support units and more
Root grouted anchor bar 8, tunnel longitudinal extension from the front to the back cloth of multiple roadway support units along shallow coal level lane 1
If the more grouted anchor bars 8 are laid from the front to the back along the tunnel longitudinal extension of shallow coal level lane 1, and the lane
Supporting unit in road is in be laid staggeredly with grouted anchor bar 8；
The structure all same of multiple roadway support units；The roadway support unit includes being laid in contiguous seams
Bottom plate support system on 1 bottom plate of tunnel and it is laid in tunnel portion of the side branch helped in 1 left and right sides tunnel of shallow coal level lane
Watch box system, the bottom plate support system and tunnel side portion's support system are laid in the same of shallow coal level lane 1
On drift section；It, need to be to the bottom plate support system and described when being determined to the supporting construction of the roadway support unit
The supporting construction of tunnel portion of side support system is determined respectively；Wherein, supporting used by tunnel side portion's support system
Structure is according to the lane side limiting equilibrium sector width x of current constructed segment0It is determined；
When being determined to supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, first enclosed according to identified in step 1
This mechanics parameter of batholith, and according to formula Current institute is calculated
The roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth h of construction segmentmax；And according to formulaIt is calculated
Level of the roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth away from adjacent tunnel side wall at left and right sides of current construct segment bottom away from
From l0；In formula (8-1) and (8-2),By the internal friction angle of current construction segment roadway floor rock mass；Later, according to determining
Roadway floor maximal destruction depth hmaxThe horizontal distance l of wall is helped with roadway floor maximal destruction depth to tunnel0, to institute
Supporting construction is determined used by stating bottom plate support system；
The more grouted anchor bars 8 be in it is parallel laying and its with the coal column of current construct segment push side coal help be in
Vertical runs；The grouted anchor bar 8 is located at the middle part of the coal column pushing side coal side of current constructed segment and it is laid in currently
On one cross section of constructed segment；
Step 5: supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed：According to identified roadway support structure in step 4, to currently being constructed
Segment carries out supporting construction；
Step 6: next segment is excavated and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction：Step 1 is repeated to step 5, to next segment into
Row excavates and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction；
Step 7: step 6 is repeated several times, until completing the whole excavations and supporting roadway surrounding rock of shallow coal level lane 1
Work progress.
As shown in Figure 1, the coal column of the shallow coal level lane 1 pushes side coal side inside rock mass is divided into first from outside to inside
Deformed area 1-1, second deformation zone 1-2 and third deformed area 1-3, the primary deformation zone 1-1 are located at below goaf 6, and second
Deformed area 1-2 is located at 3 lower section of upper heading, and third deformed area 1-3 is located at 7 lower section of protection coal pillar；The second deformation zone 1-2
Of same size with upper heading 3, the width of the third deformed area 1-3 is of same size with protection coal pillar 7；
L described in step 21For the width of primary deformation zone 1-1；In conjunction with Fig. 2, the primary deformation zone 1-1 by it is interior extremely
It is divided into rupture zone, plastic zone and elastic region outside；The k2By current institute construction segment coal column push side coal help on the inside of the
The factor of stress concentration of rock mass in three deformed area 1-3.
Wherein, the primary deformation zone 1-1 is the sum of the width of rupture zone, plastic zone and elastic region.
In the present embodiment, rock mass is helped to be analyzed as beam on elastic foundation current constructed segment two.
As shown in Figure 1, the upper heading 3 is the stope drift active workings for having excavated completion, the upper coal seam in superjacent 4 is waited for
After the completion of tunnel 3 is excavated, after corresponding working face extraction, the top plate in goaf 6 is caving completely and bashing 6,
Other side of heading 3 is the protection coal pillar 7 under certain Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure on this；When lower part coal mining roadway is (i.e. close
Apart from heading 1) after driving, the two of shallow coal level lane 1 helps in overlying rock and goaf 6 spoil weight stress to make
It deforms or destroys under；In addition, the support pressure of upper pillar (i.e. protection coal pillar 7) passes through the interlayer between upper and lower coal seam
(i.e. interlayer 5, also referred to as intermediate coal seam) is transferred to underlying seam 3.In the present embodiment, the shallow coal level lane 1 is located at upper coal
Below the left side in layer tunnel 3, the left side of the upper heading 3 is goaf 6 and its right side is protection coal pillar 7, due to low coverage
There is the more left serious asymmetry of side of right side deformation fracture in the asymmetry of left and right side stress from heading 1.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, the roadway's sides rock mass elastic plastic interphase Stress calculation model for the shallow coal level lane established is
Based on the Stress calculation model that theory of beam on elastic is established, and the roadway's sides rock mass interfacial stress computation model established is
In the mechanical model of non-support, primary deformation zone 1-1 is by shallow coal level lane 1 described in the mechanical model established
Side wall inwardly sequentially form rupture zone, plastic zone and elastic region, the wherein rock mass of rupture zone and plastic zone is in the limiting range of stress
Equilibrium state, the rupture zone and plastic zone composition limiting equilibrium area.The shallow coal level lane 1 excavates initial stage, at coal side
It disappears quickly in the elastic deformation energy of elastic-plastic behavior, surface portion, plastic zone extends further to Elastic-Plastic Boundary.Coal is helped
The coal body on surface constantly generates radial deformation under the action of pressure at right angle into lane space, until helping plastic zone in coal
Rupture zone is formed after generating absciss layer on some interface.
In the present embodiment, in step 2 according to the overlying rock of current construction segment after the completion of excavating push side coal side to
Intrinsic displacement theoretical value S1, when being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the overlying rock pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, according to
Formula Δ d1=S1+ Δ d1 (9) is determined；In formula (9), Δ d1Side coal is pushed for the overlying rock for segment of currently constructing
The reserved excavated volume of side, Δ d1=0.05m~0.12m；
The inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side is pushed according to the coal column of current construction segment after the completion of excavating2, to currently applying
When the reserved excavated volume that the coal column of work segment pushes side coal side is determined, according to formula Δ d2=S2+ Δ d2 (10) carries out true
It is fixed；In formula (10), Δ d2For segment of currently constructing coal column push side coal side reserved excavated volume, Δ d2=0.05m~
0.12m。
In the present embodiment, before carrying out roadway excavation in step 3, first saved according to identified current construction in step 2
The reserved excavated volume in the both sides tunnel portion of side of section, and the design width B of shallow coal level lane 1 is combined, to segment of currently constructing
Overlying rock push the side sides Mei Bang practical excavation width b1The practical excavation width b of the side sides Mei Bang is pushed with coal column2Point
It is not determined；Wherein, b1=b+ Δs d1, b2=b+ Δs d2,And the unit of b and B is m；
The practical excavation width b'=b of current construction segment1+b2；
When carrying out roadway excavation in step 3, according to the center line in roadway for current the constructed segment being pre-designed, and tie
B determined by closing1And b2, current constructed segment is excavated.
In the present embodiment, the length of grouted anchor bar 8 described in step 4 is rm'；Wherein rm'=rm-b2,rmUnit be m；In formula (11), r0For the equivalent circular half of shallow coal level lane 1
Diameter andB is the design width of shallow coal level lane 1, r0, a, b and B unit be m；L=
2·r0。
In the present embodiment, the grouted anchor bar 8 is in horizontal layout.
Also, the spacing between front and back adjacent two grouted anchor bars 8 is 0.8m~1.2m.
In the present embodiment, the spacing between front and back adjacent two grouted anchor bars 8 is 1m.
, can according to specific needs when practice of construction, the spacing between front and back adjacent two grouted anchor bars 8 carries out phase
It should adjust.
Pass through the deformation feelings to pushing the slip casting structure that side coal side middle part is inwardly laid from the coal column of current constructed segment
Condition carries out analysis and finds：Coal body generates under support pressure on the slip casting structure length direction radial-deformation simultaneously differs,
Surface is helped closer to coal, the bulking deformation of surrounding medium is bigger, and radial displacement is also bigger.For entire slip casting structure,
It, will between the slip casting structure and its surrounding medium since the radial displacement rate of each point surrounding medium on its length direction is different
It generates relative displacement and causes frictional resistance shear stress.The slip casting structure helps a slip casting section on surface to have and prevents surrounding close to coal
The trend of coal body radial deformation into tunnel, the slip casting section surface generate the frictional resistance being directed toward in tunnel；The slip casting structure
Remaining slip casting Duan Ze generates the frictional resistance for being directed toward coal and helping deep under itself drawing effect.Thus, exist in the slip casting structure
One swimming cloths power is directed toward opposite separation, which is the slip casting structure and its surrounding medium relative displacement is zero
Neutral point, which is zero.But at the separation, the axial tension of the slip casting structure reaches maximum and by the boundary
Point is gradually decreased and is gone to zero to the both ends axial tension of slip casting structure.The slip casting structure is from the coal of current construction segment
Column pushes the side coal side inside horizontal drilling in middle part, and is formed being molded slip casting in drilling.And the displacement of coal side rock mass is then by institute
Aperture to the bottom hole for stating slip casting structure is in the regularity of distribution gradually successively decreased.By formula (11) it is found that with shallow coal level lane 1
Radius of equivalent circle r0Increase, the length of the mortar structure accordingly increases, neutral point (the i.e. described interface) gradually to
Tunnel deep extends, and shows that the rupture sector width in tunnel portion of side also accordingly increases.
In the present embodiment, coal side in side is pushed to the coal column of current constructed segment using grouted anchor bar 8 and is reinforced, and
The length of grouted anchor bar 8 is rm'.Wherein, rm'=Ls, LsThe rupture zone helped by the coal column pushing side coal of current institute construction segment is wide
Degree.Also, the rmBy current construction segment center line in roadway to the separation level interval.The separation
On interface in the primary deformation zone 1-1 between rupture zone and plastic zone.A diameter of Φ of the grouted anchor bar 8
0.02m。
Thus, the length of grouted anchor bar 8 is set as r by the present inventionm', it can effectively meet and the rupture of side coal side is pushed to coal column
The reinforcing demand in area, and waste of material, saving of work and time will not be caused.
According to formula (1) it is found that currently the overlying rock of construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side1For
The coal that displacement of the coal side surface that coal body self-deformation generates into tunnel occurs relative movement with roof and floor and generate helps displacement
The sum of, displacement of the coal side surface that wherein coal body self-deformation generates into tunnel isRoof and floor occurs
Relative movement and generate coal side displacement be
According to formula (6) it is found that currently the coal column of construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side2For coal body
Displacement, roof and floor generation of the coal side surface that self-deformation generates into tunnel relatively move and the coal side displacement generated and third
Coal side displacement the sum of of the surface into tunnel that coal body self-deformation generates in deformed area 1-3, coal in wherein third deformed area 1-3
Coal side displacement of the surface into tunnel that body self-deformation generates be
It can be found out by formula (1) and formula (6), the portion of side of lower coal mining roadway (i.e. shallow coal level lane 1) will go out
Existing serious non-symmetric displacement phenomenon, the displacement generated after the deformation of coal column side coal body are much larger than close to entity coal side (i.e.
The deflection that coal column pushes the side sides Mei Bang pushes the deflections of the side sides Mei Bang much larger than overlying rock), this with it is a large amount of existing
Field measured result is identical.Therefore, when designing roadway excavation width, two help that different excavated volumes need to be reserved, to avoid coal
Headroom is invaded after side asymmetrical deformation, influences tunnel normal use.
Before carrying out the determination of country rock basic mechanical parameter in the present embodiment, in step 1, first from current constructed segment
A segment is chosen as test section, the test section is located at current constructed segment rear end and the length of 1m.
When progress country rock basic mechanical parameter determines in step 1, bores sample from the test section and carry out laboratory test, and
Country rock basic mechanical parameter of the test result obtained by segment of currently constructing after excavation.
Also, the spies such as heterogeneous, the discontinuous and anisotropy in view of stope drift active workings (i.e. shallow coal level lane 1) country rock
Property, mechanics parameter must determine on the basis of experiment, to ensure that data are accurate and reliable, reduce and calculate error.
In the present embodiment, the clear hundred good rising suns that close in Shaanxi rise coal master's mining coal seam as No. 4 coal seams (i.e. superjacent 4) and No. 5 coals
Layer (i.e. underlying seam 2).Wherein, the average thickness in No. 4 coal seams is 1.5m, can largely be adopted, and average buried depth is 487.3m；No. 5
The average thickness 5.37m in coal seam, can all adopt, and average buried depth is 380.6m (i.e. H=380.6m).The average interlayer in two coal seams
Away from for 4.05m (i.e. the average layer thickness of interlayer 5 is 4.05m), belong to typical contiguous seams, using working from top down mode, i.e.,
No. 4 coal seams are first adopted, 7 (the i.e. l of protection coal pillar that width is 20m is reserved2=20m), then exploit No. 5 coal seams.After No. 4 coal seam back production, 5
The haulage gate (i.e. shallow coal level lane 1) of number working face of coal seam be arranged in the goaf 6 times in No. 4 coal seams and with No. 4 coal areas
In the protection coal pillar 7 of section at mistake 8m, drift section is 4.0m × 3.5m, i.e. h=2a=3.5m, B=4.0m；Original design uses
The symmetrical supporting scheme of " anchor pole+anchor cable+net ".Due to having ignored the asymmetry of tunnel portion of side stress and deformation, although No. 5 coals
The haulage gate of layer is arranged in stress relaxed area, and serious asymmetrical deformation, side portion's anchor pole (rope) still occurs in tunnel portion of side
It " turns over " to some extent, seriously affects the normal exploitation in No. 5 coal seams.
In the present embodiment, the elastic characteristic value of beam on elastic foundation in current the constructed segment described in step 2Wherein k3Help the counter-force coefficient of rock mass by current institute construction segment two, respectively current the constructed segment two E and I
Help the synthetical elastic modulus and the moment of inertia of rock mass；B'=1m.
In the present embodiment, when progress country rock basic mechanical parameter determines in step 1, identified country rock basic mechanical ginseng
Number should include at least the clear height h (i.e. the internal height of shallow coal level lane 1) of shallow coal level lane 1, excavate and work as after the completion
The top plate largest amount of subsidence Δ h (actual monitorings specifically to be monitored to test section top plate of preceding constructed segment
Value), current constructed segment two help that the synthetical elastic modulus E of rock mass, currently constructed segment two is helped on rock mass elastic plastic interphase
Factor of stress concentration k1, the volume-weighted average γ of current constructed segment overlying rock, currently the buried depth H of constructed segment, when
The cohesive strength c (also referred to as cohesive force) of the roadway's sides rock mass of preceding constructed segment, the roadway's sides rock mass of current constructed segment
Internal friction angleThe shear stiffness COEFFICIENT K of interface between the roadway's sides rock mass and roof and floor of current constructed segments, protection
The width l of coal column 72, current construct segment coal column push side coal side inside and the rock mass that is located at 7 underface of protection coal pillar
Factor of stress concentration k2, current constructed segment two help the counter-force coefficient k of rock mass3, current constructed segment two help the inertia of rock mass
The design width B of square I and shallow coal level lane 1.Also, it also needs mutually to cope with the elasticity spy that rock mass is helped in current constructed segment two
The lane side limiting equilibrium sector width x of value indicative λ and current constructed segment0It is determined respectively.
In the present embodiment, identified country rock basic mechanical parameter refers to table 1：
1 country rock basic mechanical parameter list of table
In the present embodiment, matlab softwares will be utilized and according to formula (4), lane side limiting equilibrium sector width x is calculated0=
3.53m.DescribedAnd
Also, le=h+0.18m=3.68m.The l1=x0+le=7.21m.The shallow coal level lane 1 etc.
Imitate radius of circle r0=2.66m,
In the present embodiment, Δ h'=0.18m.When practice of construction, the value size of Δ h' can be carried out according to specific needs
Corresponding adjustment.
In the present embodiment, top plate largest amount of subsidence (the i.e. current institute after the completion of excavation at coal side surface is obtained through field measurement
Constructing the top plate largest amount of subsidence of segment) Δ h=0.15m acquires according to formula (1)
AndThen
As shown in the above, the overlying rock of current construction segment pushes the inward displacement reason of side coal side after the completion of excavating
By value S1=0.4m, the coal column of current construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side after the completion of excavating2=0.53m.
In view of upper 3 bottom plate maximal destruction depth of heading caused by abutment pressure involves underlying seam 2 and due to upper coal seam
The influence of third deformed area 1-3 in underlying seam 2 caused by 3 macroscopic destruction of tunnel is currently constructed under the overlying rock of segment
Press the reserved excavated volume Δ d of side coal side1=S1The coal column of+Δ d1=0.4m+0.1m, current segment of constructing push the pre- of side coal side
Stay excavated volume Δ d2=S2+ Δ d2=0.53m+0.07m=0.6m.
In the present embodiment, Δ d1=0.1m, Δ d2=0.07m.
When practice of construction, the value size of Δ d1 and Δ d2 can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.
In the present embodiment, the shallow coal level lane 1 is the clear height phase of stope drift active workings and its clear height and underlying seam 2
Together；When carrying out roadway excavation in step 3, according to the construction method that conventional mine stope drift active workings excavate, to current constructed segment
It is excavated.
During practice of construction, the longitudinal length of multiple segments is 10m~50m.
In the present embodiment, the longitudinal length of multiple segments is 30m or so.
When practice of construction, the level interval between the shallow coal level lane 1 and upper heading 3 is 8m~12m.
When practice of construction, the spacing between the front and back two neighboring roadway support unit is 0.8m~1.2m.
In the present embodiment, the spacing between the front and back two neighboring roadway support unit is 1m, the two neighboring lane
Middle part between road supporting unit is both provided with a grouted anchor bar 8.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out supporting construction to current constructed segment in step 5, first from the front to the back to more institutes
It states grouted anchor bar 8 to construct, then supporting construction used by multiple tunnel side portion's support systems is carried out from the front to the back
Construction, later again from the front to the back constructs to supporting construction used by multiple bottom plate support systems.
Thus, before carrying out support reinforcement to roadway floor, first to help to carry out supporting to the two of shallow coal level lane 1,
The carrying effect of tunnel portion of side country rock is given full play to, reduce Bottom Pressure leads to bottom to prevent from helping country rock excessive convergence due to two
Plate ruptures and forms serious bottom distension.
In the present embodiment, supporting construction used by tunnel side portion's support system is prestressed anchor supporting construction.
When being determined to prestressed anchor supporting construction used by tunnel side portion's support system, mainly basis
The lane side limiting equilibrium sector width x of current constructed segment0, when to tunnel portion of side supporting the quantity of used prestressed anchor and
Rock-bolt length is determined.
As shown in figure 5, supporting construction used by tunnel side portion's support system is respectively symmetrically laid in including two
Side portion's supporting construction that 1 left and right sides tunnel of shallow coal level lane is helped, the structure of two portion of side supporting construction are identical；
The portion of side supporting construction includes the lane for being laid in the tunnel of shallow coal level lane 1 and helping and being laid in horizontal direction
Road portion of side anchor pole 9；The length of tunnel side portion's anchor pole 9 is equal to l1'+x0+l2', wherein l1'=10cm~20cm, l2'=30cm
~50cm.
When practice of construction, the quantity of tunnel portion of side anchor pole 9 is one or more in the portion of side supporting construction；And work as tunnel
When the quantity of side portion's anchor pole 9 is one, which is laid in the tunnel side middle part that need to prevent stope drift active workings；
When the quantity of tunnel side portion's anchor pole 9 is multiple, multiple tunnel side portion's anchor poles 9 are in uniformly distributed and two neighboring institute
It is 0.8m~1m to state the spacing between tunnel portion of side anchor pole 9.In the present embodiment, the quantity of tunnel side portion's anchor pole 9 is three.
When practice of construction, the quantity of tunnel portion of side anchor pole 9 in the portion of side supporting construction can be carried out according to specific needs
Corresponding adjustment.
In the present embodiment, the length L of tunnel side portion's anchor pole 9bang=l1'+x0+l2'=0.1+3.53+0.33=
3.96m.Herein, it is 4.2m to take the length of tunnel side portion's anchor pole 9, and two help the left hand thread steel of each three 18 × 6500mm of Φ
Anchor pole, array pitch are 800 × 1000mm, and design anchorage length is taken as 1200mm, and every anchor pole is using 2 section Z2360 type middling speed trees
Fat Anchor Agent.Wherein l1'=10cm, l2The effective length of '=33cm, tunnel side portion's anchor pole 9 are 3.53m, tunnel portion of side anchor
The protruded length of bar 9 is 0.1m and its length anchored into stable rock stratum is 0.33m.
When practice of construction, when tunnel generally in weak broken be rock mass when, due to exploitation cause stress redistribution and
The continuous release of tectonic stress makes broken floor rock deformation gradually increase, and generation squeezes rheology pucking and continues to develop at any time
Time effect.Wherein, it squeezes mobility pucking to occur mainly in the rock stratum that roadway floor is weak-fracture zone, vertical
It is along the empty scope of freedom with roadway floor, bottom plate weak-fracture zone is flow to tunnel by horizontal stress extruding under crustal stress effect
It is interior, Floor Heave in Roadway is formed, mechanical model refers to Fig. 6.
In the present embodiment, supporting construction used by bottom plate support system described in step 4 is prestressed anchor supporting knot
Structure.
When reality is determined supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, due to shallow coal level lane 1
Bottom plate at left and right sides of to occur depth respectively be hmaxRoadway floor maximal destruction depth, thus it is practical to tunnel
When bottom plate carries out supporting, mainly with reference to the depth h of roadway floor maximal destruction depthmaxAnd roadway floor maximal destruction
Depth helps the horizontal distance l between wall apart from tunnel0, at 1 bottom plate maximal destruction depth of shallow coal level lane
Reason.Thus, when being determined to prestressed anchor supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, mainly according to low coverage
Depth h from the roadway floor maximal destruction depth at left and right sides of 1 bottom of headingmaxIt is deep with roadway floor maximal destruction
At degree the horizontal distance l between wall is helped apart from tunnel0, quantity and rock-bolt length to the used prestressed anchor of bottom plate supporting into
Row determines.
In the present embodiment, when being determined to supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, according to currently being applied
The practical excavation width b' of work segment is determined：As b'＜ 3m, the bottom plate support system includes two foundation plate anchors of left and right
Bar, two bottom plate anchor poles are in vertically to laying, and two bottom plate anchor poles are respectively the first left-side bottom anchor pole and the
One right side bottom plate anchor pole, spacing between the first left-side bottom anchor pole and current constructed segment left side lane side and described
Spacing on the right side of first right side bottom plate anchor pole and current constructed segment between lane side is l0；As b' >=3m, the bottom plate
Support system includes four foundation plate anchor poles, and four bottom plate anchor poles are in vertically to laying, and four bottom plate anchor poles include
Two second left-side bottom anchor poles and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles, the center between two second left-side bottom anchor poles
Horizontal distance on the left of position and current constructed segment between lane side is l0, between two second right side bottom plate anchor poles
Horizontal distance on the right side of center and current constructed segment between lane side is l0；It is the first left-side bottom anchor pole, described
The length of first right side bottom plate anchor pole, two second left-side bottom anchor poles and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles is not
Less than hmax。
In the present embodiment, the span length b' of current constructed segment is more than 4m, and the bottom plate support system includes
Four foundation plate anchor poles.
Meanwhile supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system further includes two and is respectively symmetrically laid in short distance coal
The side angle anchor pole 10 of layer 1 bottom plate left and right ends of tunnel；The first left-side bottom anchor pole, the first right side bottom plate anchor pole, two
The length of second left-side bottom anchor pole described in root and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles is equal to l1+K·hmax+l2, two
The length of the side angle anchor pole 10 is L1Andl1=10cm~20cm, l2=30cm~
50cm；K is safety coefficient and K=1~1.5.
Wherein, the side angle anchor pole 10 tilts gradually downward from outside to inside and its angle between horizontal direction is 35 °
~55 °.
In the present embodiment, the angle between the side angle anchor pole 10 and horizontal direction is 45 °.
In the present embodiment, K=1.2.The first left-side bottom anchor pole, the first right side bottom plate anchor pole, described in two
Second left-side bottom anchor pole and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles are vertical bottom plate anchor pole 11, and the vertical bottom plate
The effective length of anchor pole 11 is：ldi=Khmax, anchor pole protruded length l1'=0.1m anchors into the length l of base slab stability rock stratum2'
=0.3m, it is 840 × 1000mm, design anchoring specifically to use the left hand thread steel anchor rod of four 18 × 7000mm of Φ, array pitch
Length is taken as 1200mm, and every anchor pole is using 2 section Z2360 type middling speed resin anchoring agents.
It is described side angle anchor pole 10 effective length beAnchor pole protruded length l1'=0.1m, anchors into
The length l of base slab stability rock stratum2'=0.3m.
To the roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth h of current constructed segment in step 4maxBefore being determined, also
Stope drift active workings plate destructing depth computation model need to be first established, Fig. 7 is referred to.Also, roadway floor plastic failure model is established, in detail
See Fig. 8.
As shown in fig. 7, the floor rock process of deformation and failure to shallow coal level lane 1 is analyzed：The short distance
After heading 1 excavates, surrouding rock stress occurs redistribution and forms support pressure area on top plate and portion of side interface, and two help rock mass
Formation width is x0Limiting equilibrium area, and roadway's sides rock mass vertical stress effect under squeeze bottom plate so that bottom plate send out
Raw plastic failure.Also, after plastic failure occurs for bottom plate, the plastic failure band of generation is divided into 1st area, 2nd area and 3 area's three types
Destruction area, wherein 3rd area are located at the underface of shallow coal level lane 1,1st area is located at immediately below limiting equilibrium area, and 2nd area are located at 1st area
And 3 between area, wherein roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth is located in 2nd area.In conjunction with Fig. 7, when side country rock in top is harder
When rock and bottom plate are in soft stratum, roadway floor occurs to swell phenomenon, top under the strong effect of high vertical stress
Weak bottom plate is then extruded flowing, forms bottom distension.When support pressure meets or exceeds bottom plate active region rock mass, (1st area is put down with the limit
Heng Qu is corresponded to) ultimate strength when, the part rock mass is compressed in vertical direction, and rock mass is by deformation failure；Meanwhile in level
Active region rock mass will necessarily expand on direction, and then squeeze transition region rock mass (2nd area), and by stress transfer to this area；Transition
Area's rock mass continues to squeeze passive area (3rd area).Due to only having passive area that there is the free free face into stope drift active workings space, to
The rock mass of transition region and passive area will be moved into stope drift active workings space under the action of active region high bearing pressure and gradual shape
At a continuous slide surface, the stope drift active workings floor rock of last passive area swells upwards, and roadway floor rock mass is maximum at this time
Plastic zone collapse dept is hmax。
The actual effect that supporting scheme is used by the scientific evaluation present invention, need to be to the surrouding rock deformation feelings after test section supporting
Condition carries out system monitoring.Wherein, country rock deep deformation monitoring mainly passes through the deformation to different depth rock mass after support reinforcement
The test of situation, to understand reduction and the loose range of roadway surrounding rock each section different depth country rock, including fracture area, plastic zone
Distribution and its absciss layer situation supporting parameter is corrected with accurate evaluation supporting effect；The monitoring of country rock surface displacement can preferably be sentenced
Whether the motion conditions of disconnected country rock, analysis country rock enter stable state.Monitoring result shows：After supporting being carried out using the present invention,
The maximum deformation quantity in the left and right sides tunnel portion of side of the shallow coal level lane 1 is respectively 0.065m and 0.08m, and bottom is pushed up in tunnel
Plate is only 0.09m with respect to the amount of shifting near, thus the deformation of coal side is effectively controlled, while significantly improving the stability of roof and floor.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not imposed any restrictions to the present invention, every according to the present invention
Technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and equivalent structure made by above example, still falls within skill of the present invention
In the protection domain of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method, it is characterised in that：Divide from the front to the back along tunnel longitudinal extension
Multiple segments to shallow coal level lane (1) excavate and supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed；The shallow coal level lane (1)
Cross section is rectangle and the tunnel that it is the exploitation in underlying seam (2), and the shallow coal level lane (1) is located at upper coal seam lane
One side-lower in road (3), the upper heading (3) are the tunnel exploited in superjacent (4), the superjacent (4)
Above underlying seam (2), and it is separated by interlayer (5) between superjacent (4) and underlying seam (2)；It is described close
Apart from heading (1) with upper heading (3) in parallel laying；The side of the upper heading (3) be goaf (6) and
Its other side is the protection coal pillar (7) reserved, and the shallow coal level lane (1) is located at below goaf (6)；The short distance
Heading (1) is that coal column pushes side coal side, shallow coal level lane (1) close to the side tunnel portion of side of upper heading (3)
Other side tunnel portion of side be overlying rock push side coal side；Excavation and lane side country rock branch are carried out to shallow coal level lane (1)
When shield construction, the excavation and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction method all same of multiple segments；For shallow coal level lane (1)
Any segment carry out excavate and supporting roadway surrounding rock construct when, include the following steps：
Step 1: country rock basic mechanical parameter determines：Laboratory test is carried out by boring sample to scene, to current section of constructing
The country rock basic mechanical parameter of section is tested, and synchronizes record to test result；
It is determined Step 2: roadway's sides reserve excavated volume：According to identified country rock basic mechanical parameter in step 1, to current
The reserved excavated volume in the both sides tunnel portion of side of construction segment is determined respectively；
When being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the overlying rock pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, work as after the completion according to excavating
The overlying rock of preceding construction segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side1It is determined；WhereinIn formula (1),H is the net of shallow coal level lane (1)
Height, and a and h unit are m；Top plate largest amount of subsidence of the Δ h by current construction segment after the completion of excavation；E is currently is applied
The synthetical elastic modulus of rock mass is helped in work segment two and its unit is Pa；P1Rock mass elastic plastic interphase is helped by current segment two of being constructed
On horizontal pressure force and P1=λ k1γ H (2), k in formula (2)1Rock mass elastoplasticity circle is helped by current segment two of being constructed
The factor of stress concentration on face, γ by current construction segment overlying rock volume-weighted average and its unit be N/m3, H is current
The buried depth of constructed segment and its unit are m, λ be currently the elastic characteristic value of beam on elastic foundation, the bullet in construction segment
Property grade beam help rock mass by the two of current construction segment；l1=x0+le(3), l in formula (3)eBy current segment of being constructed
Two help the width and l of rock mass elastic regione=h ± Δs h', Δ h'=0m~0.3m；x0By the lane side limit of current construction segment
Balance sector width andC is current segment tunnel of being constructed in formula (4)
Two help the cohesive strength of rock mass, unit kPa,By the internal friction angle of current construction segment roadway's sides rock mass；K in formula (5)sInterface is tangential between the roadway's sides rock mass and roof and floor of current construction segment
Stiffness coefficient, unit GPa/m；
When being determined to the reserved excavated volume of the coal column pushing side coal side for segment of currently constructing, currently applied after the completion according to excavating
The coal column of work segment pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side2It is determined；Wherein
L in formula (6)2For the width of protection coal pillar (7), P2=λ k2γ H (8), k in formula (8)2By current segment of being constructed
Coal column push the factor of stress concentration of side coal side inside and the rock mass immediately below the protection coal pillar (7)；
Step 3: roadway excavation：According to the reserved excavation in the both sides tunnel portion of side of identified current construction segment in step 2
Amount, from the front to the back excavates segment of currently constructing；
Step 4: roadway support structure determination：Used roadway support structure includes multiple roadway support units and Duo Gen notes
Starch anchor pole (8), tunnel longitudinal extension from the front to the back cloth of multiple roadway support units along shallow coal level lane (1)
If the more grouted anchor bars (8) are laid from the front to the back along the tunnel longitudinal extension of shallow coal level lane (1), and institute
It is in be laid staggeredly that roadway support unit, which is stated, with grouted anchor bar (8)；
The structure all same of multiple roadway support units；The roadway support unit includes being laid in shallow coal level lane
(1) the bottom plate support system on bottom plate and it is laid in tunnel portion of the side branch that tunnel at left and right sides of shallow coal level lane (1) is helped
Watch box system, the bottom plate support system and tunnel side portion's support system are laid in the same of shallow coal level lane (1)
On a drift section；It, need to be to the bottom plate support system and institute when being determined to the supporting construction of the roadway support unit
The supporting construction for stating tunnel portion of side support system is determined respectively；Wherein, branch used by tunnel side portion's support system
Protection structure is according to the lane side limiting equilibrium sector width x of current constructed segment0It is determined；
When being determined to supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, first according to identified country rock base in step 1
This mechanics parameter, and according to formula It is calculated and is currently constructed
The roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth h of segmentmax；And according to formulaIt is calculated current
Roadway floor rock mass maximal destruction depth at left and right sides of constructed segment bottom helps the horizontal distance l of wall away from adjacent tunnel0；
In formula (8-1) and (8-2),By the internal friction angle of current construction segment roadway floor rock mass；Later, according to identified lane
Road bottom plate maximal destruction depth hmaxThe horizontal distance l of wall is helped with roadway floor maximal destruction depth to tunnel0, to the bottom
Supporting construction is determined used by slab supporting system；
The more grouted anchor bars (8) be in parallel laying and its coal side in side is pushed with the coal column of current construct segment in vertical
It is straight to lay；The grouted anchor bar (8) is located at the middle part of the coal column pushing side coal side of current constructed segment and it is laid in currently
On one cross section of constructed segment；
Step 5: supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed：According to identified roadway support structure in step 4, to current constructed segment
Carry out supporting construction；
Step 6: next segment is excavated and supporting roadway surrounding rock construction：Step 1 is repeated to step 5, next segment is opened
It digs and supporting roadway surrounding rock is constructed；
Step 7: step 6 is repeated several times, until the whole for completing shallow coal level lane (1) is excavated and supporting roadway surrounding rock is applied
Work process.
2. a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The short distance
Heading (1) is stope drift active workings and its clear height is identical as the clear height of underlying seam (2)；When carrying out roadway excavation in step 3,
According to the construction method that conventional mine stope drift active workings excavate, current constructed segment is excavated.
3. according to a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Multiple institutes
The longitudinal length for stating segment is 10m~50m, between the level between the shallow coal level lane (1) and upper heading (3)
Away from for 8m~12m；
The coal column of the shallow coal level lane (1) push side coal side inside rock mass be divided into from outside to inside primary deformation zone (1-1),
Second deformation zone (1-2) and third deformed area (1-3), the primary deformation zone (1-1) are located at below goaf (6), and second becomes
Shape area (1-2) is located at below upper heading (3), and third deformed area (1-3) is located at below protection coal pillar (7)；Described second becomes
Shape area (1-2) is of same size with upper heading (3), the width of the width and protection coal pillar (7) of the third deformed area (1-3)
It spends identical；
L described in step 21For the width of primary deformation zone (1-1), the primary deformation zone (1-1) is divided into brokenly from the inside to the outside
Split plot, plastic zone and elastic region；The k2By current institute construction segment coal column push side coal help on the inside of third deformed area
The factor of stress concentration of (1-3) interior rock mass.
4. according to a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step 2
The middle overlying rock according to current construction segment after the completion of excavating pushes the inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side1, to currently constructing
When the reserved excavated volume that the overlying rock of segment pushes side coal side is determined, according to formula Δ d1=S1+ Δ d1 (9) is carried out
It determines；In formula (9), Δ d1=0.05m~0.12m；
The inward displacement theoretical value S of side coal side is pushed according to the coal column of current construction segment after the completion of excavating2, to section of currently constructing
When the reserved excavated volume that the coal column of section pushes side coal side is determined, according to formula Δ d2=S2+ Δ d2 (10) is determined；
In formula (10), Δ d2=0.05m~0.12m.
5. a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step 3 into
Before row roadway excavation, the first reserved excavated volume according to the both sides tunnel portion of side of identified current construction segment in step 2,
And the design width B of shallow coal level lane (1) is combined, the reality of the side sides Mei Bang is pushed to the overlying rock for segment of currently constructing
Border excavation width b1The practical excavation width b of the side sides Mei Bang is pushed with coal column2It is determined respectively；Wherein, b1=b+ Δs d1, b2
=b+ Δs d2,And the unit of b and B is m；
The practical excavation width b'=b of current construction segment1+b2；
When carrying out roadway excavation in step 3, according to the center line in roadway for current the constructed segment being pre-designed, and institute is combined
Determining b1And b2, current constructed segment is excavated.
6. a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute in step 4
The length for stating grouted anchor bar (8) is rm'；Wherein rm'=rm-b2,rmUnit be m；It is public
In formula (11), r0For shallow coal level lane (1) radius of equivalent circle andB is contiguous seams
The design width in tunnel (1), r0, a, b and B unit be m；L=2r0。
7. a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute in step 4
It is prestressed anchor supporting construction to state supporting construction used by bottom plate support system；
When being determined to supporting construction used by the bottom plate support system, according to the practical excavation of current constructed segment
Width b' is determined：As b'＜ 3m, the bottom plate support system includes two foundation plate anchor poles of left and right, two bottom plate anchors
Bar is in vertically to laying, and two bottom plate anchor poles are respectively the first left-side bottom anchor pole and the first right side bottom plate anchor pole, institute
State the spacing on the left of the first left-side bottom anchor pole and current constructed segment between lane side and the first right side bottom plate anchor pole
Spacing between lane side on the right side of current constructed segment is l0；As b' >=3m, the bottom plate support system includes four
Bottom plate anchor pole, four bottom plate anchor poles are in vertically to laying, and four bottom plate anchor poles include two second left-side bottoms
Anchor pole and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles, center between two second left-side bottom anchor poles with currently constructed
Horizontal distance on the left of segment between lane side is l0, the center between two second right side bottom plate anchor poles and current institute
Horizontal distance on the right side of construction segment between lane side is l0；The first left-side bottom anchor pole, the first right side bottom plate anchor pole,
The length of two second left-side bottom anchor poles and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles is not less than hmax；
Supporting construction used by tunnel side portion's support system is prestressed anchor supporting construction；Tunnel side portion's supporting
Supporting construction used by system is respectively symmetrically laid in what tunnel at left and right sides of shallow coal level lane (1) was helped including two
The structure of side portion's supporting construction, two portion of side supporting construction is identical；The portion of side supporting construction includes being laid in closely
Tunnel portion of the side anchor pole (9) that the tunnel of heading (1) is helped and laid in horizontal direction；The length of tunnel side portion's anchor pole (9)
Degree is equal to l1'+x0+l2', wherein l1'=10cm~20cm, l2'=30cm~50cm.
8. a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The bottom plate branch
Supporting construction used by watch box system further includes two and is respectively symmetrically laid in shallow coal level lane (1) bottom plate left and right ends
Help angle anchor pole (10)；The first left-side bottom anchor pole, the first right side bottom plate anchor pole, two second left-side bottom anchors
The length of bar and two second right side bottom plate anchor poles is equal to l1'+K·hmax+l2', two side angle anchor poles (10)
Length is L1Andl1'=10cm~20cm, l2'=30cm~50cm；K is safety
Coefficient and K=1~1.5.
9. according to a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step 4
In spacing between front and back adjacent two grouted anchor bars (8) be 0.8m~1.2m, the front and back two neighboring roadway support
Spacing between unit is 0.8m~1.2m.
10. according to a kind of shallow coal level lane bottom distension administering method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step 4
Described in supporting construction used by tunnel portion of side support system and the bottom plate support system be prestressed anchor supporting knot
Structure；
When in step 5 to current construct segment progress supporting construction, elder generation from the front to the back to the more grouted anchor bars (8) into
Row construction, then from the front to the back constructs to supporting construction used by multiple tunnel side portion's support systems, later again by
It constructs to supporting construction used by multiple bottom plate support systems before backward.
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| CN113216968A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏徐矿能源股份有限公司张双楼煤矿 | Pressure relief and scour prevention method for coal seam merging area |
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