CN106199722B - A kind of method that cased well density of earth formations is measured using resonant acoustic wave - Google Patents
A kind of method that cased well density of earth formations is measured using resonant acoustic wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN106199722B CN106199722B CN201610553990.0A CN201610553990A CN106199722B CN 106199722 B CN106199722 B CN 106199722B CN 201610553990 A CN201610553990 A CN 201610553990A CN 106199722 B CN106199722 B CN 106199722B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that cased well density of earth formations is measured using resonant acoustic wave, for the measurement of single rock density of earth formations, including：Ultrasonic probe is disposed vertically in cased well, electricity consumption pulse excitation, the transient acoustic waves of specific frequency section of the frequency range between 100kHz 900kHz are impinged perpendicularly on into casing wall；Record is from the reflected all back waves of casing wall, wherein the sound wave ingredient reflected through stratum is related to density of earth formations；The back wave of reception is obtained into its frequency spectrum with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains its peak value and peak position；Using single rock stratum reflectance factor peak value and position and the single valued relation of density of earth formations, density of earth formations is calculated from reflectance factor and its corresponding resonant frequency respectively；Scale method and graduator are established according to both non-linear single valued relations, is density of earth formations by peak value, the peak position difference scale in spectral reflection.The present invention has the advantages that reliable, safe and convenient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum works well logging construction middle sleeve well stratum physical parameters measurements and the special instrument of assessment of rock properties
Technical field more particularly to a kind of method using acoustic measurement Cased Hole Formation density.
Background technology
During oil development, the measurement of density of earth formations is very important, can with its evaluate formation lithology and
Porosity of pore media etc. is the important physical parameter of petroleum exploration ＆ development.The past side for measuring Electron capture cross section
Method obtains density of earth formations, and the gamma ray source for not only needing dose ratio larger has human body and environment bigger injury, and surveys
Measuring appratus must be pushed against the borehole wall, it is impossible to implement to measure in cased well.It if can be in cased well with the side of ultrasound
Method realizes that the measurement of density of earth formations can be in oil output measure, increase density of earth formations information, in evaluation development process
Fractue spacing etc. caused by the blocking of layer hole and pressing crack construction.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of method of reliable, safe and convenient measurement stratum density.It adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method that cased well density of earth formations is measured using resonant acoustic wave, for the measurement of single rock density of earth formations,
Including the steps：
1) ultrasonic probe is disposed vertically in cased well, electricity consumption pulse excitation, by frequency range in 100kHz-900kHz
Between the transient acoustic waves of specific frequency section impinge perpendicularly on casing wall, which passes through vertical incidence after casing and cement sheath
To stratum and reflect.
2) record is from the reflected all back waves of casing wall, wherein the sound wave ingredient and density of earth formations that are reflected through stratum
It is related；
3) using single rock density and the internal relation of the velocity of sound, i.e., for single rock stratum, the velocity of sound is with porosity
And the internal relation changed, the reflectance factor peak value of cased well and the non-linear single valued relation and peak of density of earth formations are obtained respectively
It is worth position, i.e. frequency --- resonant frequency where peak value, the single valued relation with density of earth formations；
4) back wave of reception is obtained into its frequency spectrum with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains its peak value and peak position；
5) using single rock stratum reflectance factor peak value and position and the single valued relation of density of earth formations, it is from reflection respectively
Several and its corresponding resonant frequency calculates density of earth formations；
6) scale method and graduator are established according to both non-linear single valued relations, by spectral reflection peak value,
Peak position difference scale is density of earth formations.
The single valued relation of this method sandstone when sand-mudstone formation measures, the density obtained are accurate, main use
In the calculating of sandstone formation porosity, the single valued relation of limestone when limestone measures, the density obtained be it is accurate,
It is mainly used for the calculating of porosity.The density on other stratum is inaccurate, is merely able to as reference.The present invention takes full advantage of：Together
One rock is for example：There are correlativity, casing and cement thickness close to wavelength between sandstone or its density of limestone and the velocity of sound,
Relationship affect between density and reflectance factor is little, and single valued relation is presented with density of earth formations in vertical reflectance factor.This
Advantageous effect of the invention is as follows：
1st, sound wave includes density of earth formations information in the back wave of open hole well, under the conditions of cased well, due to casing and water
The resonance characteristics of mud ring thickness, for back wave similarly comprising density of earth formations, the present invention is theoretically found that cased well reflects
Relationship between wave and density of earth formations can realize the measurement of density of earth formations under the conditions of cased well using the relationship, increase for oil field
Production provides new detection means.Density of earth formations identification fracturing fracture, the analysis main force oil measured under the conditions of cased well can be used
The hole pollution of layer and stopping state.
2nd, it is made to be measured at cased well resonant frequency by adjusting transmitting frequency of sound wave, it will be anti-measured by acoustic wave methodogy
Ejected wave range signal is fully utilized, and cementing quality detection is carried out at the same time with density of earth formations measurement, what is consolidated
Stratum measurement density of earth formations, in the stratum measurement cementing quality of consolidation difference.
It 3rd, can be bent to the density of sandstone or limestone target zone in the case where open hole well does not survey into density of earth formations
Line mends survey in cased well, ensures the integrality of well-log information.
4th, acoustic wave methodogy does not have radioactive pollution.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a thirds resonant frequencies with density of earth formations changing rule
Generalized reflection and transmission coefficient at Fig. 1 b third resonant frequencies with density of earth formations changing rule
Its cased well and generalized reflection and transmission coefficient in stratum when the porosity of Fig. 2 a sandstone is 1
Its cased well and generalized reflection and transmission coefficient in stratum when the porosity of Fig. 2 b sandstone is 1-30
Generalized reflection and transmission coefficient in Fig. 3 a cased wells (porosity is 1 sandstone formation)
Generalized reflection and transmission coefficient in Fig. 3 b cased wells (porosity is 30 sandstone formation)
Generalized reflection and transmission coefficient in Fig. 3 c cased wells (porosity is the sandstone formation of 1-30)
Propagation of Fig. 4 sound waves in one-dimensional n-layer medium
Specific embodiment：
The present invention provides a kind of method using acoustic measurement Cased Hole Formation density, includes the following steps：First, by water
Flat transmitting probe is placed in the well of cased well in liquid, vertical pipes wall incident acoustic wave, by casing and cement sheath multiple reflections
Resonance wave is formed later.Second, the sound wave that liquid in well is reflected back from casing is received in cased well, while record incidence wave wave
According to back wave and incidence wave waveform, reflectance factor is calculated by time-domain signal processing method for shape, third；4th, to measuring
Back wave and incidence wave waveform carry out Fourier transformation (FFT) and obtain its frequency spectrum, obtain resonant frequency and its anti-using frequency spectrum
The maximum of the phase and amplitude of ejected wave, the result of calculation guidance of model shown in Fig. 4 is lower to calculate reflectance factor；5th, according to
The resonant frequency and reflectance factor obtained in reflectance factor or step 4 in step 3 from frequency spectrum, by close to linear plate
Fig. 1 calculates the density on stratum.
Fig. 1 is the sandstone plate under the conditions of obtained two cased wells of the present invention, is featured measured in cased well
The monodrome of GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT, transmission coefficient and density of earth formations Fig. 1 b at resonant frequency Fig. 1 a of back wave and the frequency is closed
System.There are two curves in Fig. 1 b, one is the generalized transmission coefficient for entering stratum, and one is reflected back in cased well in liquid
GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT.It can see from figure：For sandstone formation, casing thickness be 10mm, velocity of longitudinal wave 5700m/s,
Density is 7.8g/cm3；Cement thickness is 10mm, density 1.9g/cm3, velocity of longitudinal wave in the case of 3000m/s, from well
The sound wave impinged perpendicularly in interior liquid in casing-cement sheath-stratigraphic model has resonance characteristics, and resonant frequency is close with stratum
Degree changes, and also with stratum variable density, Fig. 1 is shown the GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT at resonant frequency, both apparent with density of earth formations
Variation.In the density range (2.15-2.65) of sandstone formation, resonant frequency changes to 849.5kHz, broad sense from 853.9kHz
Reflectance factor changes to 0.3 from 0.56, and two curves are monodromes, close to straight line, is very similar to be calculated with natural gamma
Monodrome curve during shale content.The density on stratum can be obtained from measured reflection configuration with the curve.
The density of earth formations information in cased well reflection wave amplitude is directly utilized in the present invention.With sandstone scale, that is, sandstone chart board
When, it is more accurate to the density ratio measured by sandstone formation；During with limestone scale, that is, limestone chart board, lime rock stratum is surveyed
The density ratio of amount is more accurate.Density measured by two kinds of reservoirs is without the coupling of elasticity modulus.
The present invention is described in detail below：
1 theoretical foundation
For the present invention, theoretical foundation is most important, it is proved below：Sound wave is from well in 1 cased well
Casing is incident in interior liquid in perpendicular casing thickness direction, and by cement sheath to stratum, in the process, sound wave is in casing and water
By multiple reflections and transmission on mud ring, cement sheath and the interface on stratum, such communication process is because of casing and cement sheath ratio
It is relatively thin, it may appear that many times, to ultimately form resonance wave.There is correlativity, 3 for true between 2 resonant frequencies and density of earth formations
Fixed stratum such as sandstone, its density of earth formations changes correspondingly when porosity changes, resonant frequency and generalized reflection crest value also with
Change, therefore the single valued relation between the reflection configuration of measurement and density of earth formations can be established, 4 are passed through using the single valued relation
Scale obtains the density on stratum.
Tubular type mode of oscillation (the intrinsic frequency caused due to the frequency of sound wave of selection in more than 300kHz, casing bending
Near 15kHz) and the coupling very little of thickness vibration mode of the invention used, the Acoustic Wave Propagation of the method for the present invention will not be formed
Bigger influence.Therefore the present invention carries out the acoustic reflection characteristics of cased well vertical incidence with 1 dimension n-layer Acoustic Wave Propagation model
Analysis selects monochromatic wave e-jωt。
As shown in figure 4, incidence wave E1 enters from first layer medium, the vibration displacement ξ of first layer medium1By two parts group
Into：
Wherein, the amplitude E1 of incidence wave is 1, and Section 2 is generalized reflection wave, amplitude F1It is plural number, referred to as generalized reflection
Coefficient contains the amplitude and phase of the various back waves from the right All Media reflected back into medium 1, is the folded of all back waves
Add.Wherein k1It is wave number, if spread speed of the sound wave in first layer medium is c1, then k1=ω/c1。
The vibration displacement ξ of m layers of medium (m=2 ..., n-1)mAlso it is made of two parts：
Wherein first item is the wave propagated along positive direction of the x-axis, amplitude Em, Section 2 is propagated along negative direction of the x-axis
Wave, amplitude Fm。
The vibration displacement ξ of n-th layer mediumnOnly transmitted wave；Because without back wave, wave amplitude F is reflectednIt is 0,
Transmission wave amplitude is En：
Above-mentioned model is solved by the boundary condition (vibration displacement and stress are equal) of every adjacent two layers.The method of the present invention
Model possesses totally four layers of liquid in cased well, casing, cement sheath and stratum, and bad situation is joined not comprising cement.It utilizes
The GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT F1 of first layer obtains density of earth formations.
It is used between resonant frequency and its corresponding peak F 1 and density of earth formations without simple analytical function relationship, the present invention
When above-mentioned model calculates density of earth formations change, the change curve (Fig. 2) of GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT F1.Its resonance frequency is taken from Fig. 2
Rate and its corresponding peak value find that they are respectively provided with the single valued relation of monotone variation with density of earth formations, which features sound wave
Resonance characteristics caused by sound wave is reflected and transmitted on interface when reaching stratum by casing, cement sheath.These are characterized in casing
It is more than under its depth information with the wave length of sound of cement sheath, the concentrated expression of sound wave wave process.From notional result：Casing
It is solid with cement sheath, thickness ratio is relatively thin, can form resonance, therefore can obtain density of earth formations by resonance characteristics.
Fig. 2 is the specific manifestation of covibration.Fig. 2 a are the porosity of sandstone formation when being 1, the broad sense in cased well
Reflectance factor and the generalized transmission coefficient on stratum are with the variation of frequency, and at a series of specific frequencies, pole occurs in reflectance factor
There is maximum in small value, transmission coefficient, covibration occur.Fig. 2 b be porosity from 1 change to 30 when, resonant frequency increases,
Formant is also substantially change therewith.
Fig. 3 is the concrete analysis carried out to the third frequency in Fig. 2.Fig. 3 a are at the third resonant frequency in Fig. 2
GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT and transmission coefficient with sandstone porosity changing rule.Fig. 3 a be sandstone formation porosity be 1 when
Generalized reflection and transmission coefficient, Fig. 3 b be sandstone formation porosity be 30 when generalized reflection and transmission coefficient, with hole
The increase of degree, resonant frequency increase, and GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT peak value reduces.Fig. 3 c be porosity from 1 increase to 30 when, generalized reflection
With the changing rule of transmission coefficient.
For sandstone formation, density has correlativity with sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, it is generally the case that density of earth formations
Height, velocity of longitudinal wave is high, and interval transit time is small.For lime rock stratum, the positive correlation of the two is also existing.It is i.e. different
Rock has different correlativities between the velocity of sound and density.Different materials, the correlativity of the two can not make mutually
With.But for sandstone and limestone, lithology is fixed, and the difference of density is mainly made by the porosity on stratum
Into, therefore, what the correlativity of the velocity of sound and density was to determine, do not change with porosity, can be used for measuring density.Change sentence
Talk about, from the perspective of density log value is mainly used to the total porosity for calculating sandstone or limestone, with determining sandstone or
The velocity of sound of limestone and the correlation of density, can realize the measurement of density of earth formations.The density of earth formations measured in this way is for sandstone
It is accurate for the calculating of porosity.
The wave impedance on stratum is the immediate cause for leading to reflect wave amplitude, for two layer medium, reflectance factor
Directly with the wave impedance Z on stratum and the wave impedance Z of liquid0It is related.For open hole well, the sandstone velocity of sound and density are utilized
Correlativity can be found that：Reflectance factor is directly linear with density of earth formations, can be used for the measurement of density of earth formations.But
It is that, for cased well, due to there is the influence of casing and cement sheath, linear relationship is no longer linear, but as Fig. 1, have one
Fixed bending, still, density of earth formations are it will be evident that can be with the single valued relation of resonant frequency and its corresponding GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
With the measurement close to linear relational implementation density of earth formations.
Density of earth formations variation finally shows that in measurement result be GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT and the amplitude of back wave.It is comprehensive
The reflection of wave caused by the product and different interfaces of the velocity of sound and density in the positive correlation of density and the velocity of sound, wave impedance is closed
And transmission feature.These feature weave ins, the monodrome being eventually exhibited as between reflectance factor and density of earth formations shown in FIG. 1
Relationship.
The density of open-hole logging is mainly used to calculate the porosity on stratum, for determining sandstone or limestone,
There is determining positive correlation between its velocity of sound and density of earth formations.But they still have in terms of formation porosity is reflected
There is the difference of apparent physical essence, it is thus impossible to enough mutually substitutions, but logging method is independent, from different sides
The porosity and lithologic character on stratum are reflected in face.
The method of the present invention is actually from the density of earth formations for the angle measurement sandstone or limestone for obtaining porosity, is being built
During single valued relation shown in FIG. 1, correlativity inherent between the sandstone velocity of sound and density has been used, has just been completed in this way from density
To the conversion plate between GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT so that we can directly obtain the density value on stratum using reflectance factor.By
It is to determine in the relationship that this plate is reflected, just for sandstone formation, therefore, measured density is the close of sandstone
Degree, i.e., be accurate for sandstone formation, other stratum such as mud stone is then not allowed, and has certain error.An angle is changed to say：
The method of the present invention gives one and extracts its approach of density of earth formations information included from reflection wave amplitude.
In the inventive method, use similar to the sandstone scale of neutron porosity log and limestone scale method.In
Element measured by son is hydrogen content, and the hydrogen content of sandstone and limestone is different, in order to distinguish this two rocks to measuring
As a result influence, people are by sandstone scale plate (or limestone scale plate) by measured counting rate and sandstone (or stone
Limestone) apparent porosity log value establish contact.Here, what we measured is reflection wave amplitude, for different rocks
It, which reflects wave amplitude, difference, still, related between the velocity of sound and density for determining rock, such as sandstone, limestone
What relationship was to determine, the main purpose of density log is to obtain the porosity of sandstone or lime rock stratum.Because sandstone or lime
During the porosity variation of rock, density of earth formations also changes correspondingly.Different from its density change during different rocks, porosity variation is drawn
The variable density risen is to be based on same rock (sandstone or limestone), and only hole changes caused variable density, because
This can use the correlativity of the velocity of sound and density for determining rock (sandstone or limestone), and in other words, the method for the present invention institute is real
Existing is that variable density caused by sandstone or the change of limestone porosity is extracted from reflection wave amplitude.Porosity is only measured to change
Variable density caused by change is the density log method directed entirely to sandstone or the acquisition of limestone porosity.
Measured by the present invention is that reflection wave amplitude changes caused by density of earth formations, is not related to the velocity of longitudinal wave on stratum.
Although the velocity of longitudinal wave of sandstone and density of earth formations have a correlated characteristic, the method for the present invention by plate by the influence of the velocity of sound effectively
It eliminates, is only left the changing unit of reflection wave amplitude caused by density of earth formations changes.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that cased well density of earth formations is measured using resonant acoustic wave, for the measurement of single rock density of earth formations, packet
Include the steps：
1) ultrasonic probe is disposed vertically in cased well, electricity consumption pulse excitation, by frequency range between 100kHz-900kHz
The transient acoustic waves of frequency band impinge perpendicularly on casing wall, the sound wave after casing and cement sheath by impinging perpendicularly on stratum simultaneously
It reflects；
2) record is from the reflected all back waves of casing wall, wherein sound wave ingredient and density of earth formations phase through stratum reflection
It closes；
3) using single rock density and the internal relation of the velocity of sound, i.e., for single rock stratum, the velocity of sound changes with porosity
The internal relation of change obtains the reflectance factor peak value of cased well and the non-linear single valued relation of density of earth formations and peak value position respectively
It puts, i.e. frequency --- resonant frequency where peak value, the single valued relation with density of earth formations；
4) back wave of reception is obtained into its frequency spectrum with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains its peak value and peak position；
5) using single rock stratum reflectance factor peak value and position and the single valued relation of density of earth formations, respectively from reflectance factor and
Its corresponding resonant frequency calculates density of earth formations；
6) scale method and graduator are established according to both non-linear single valued relations, by peak value, the peak value in spectral reflection
Position difference scale is density of earth formations.
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| CN102128029B (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2013-06-26 | 同济大学 | Double-interface ultrasonic detection imaging method for cased well |
| CN102383786A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-03-21 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Sector cement bonding and sound wave time difference logging instrument |
| RU2608636C1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2017-01-23 | Хэллибертон Энерджи Сервисиз, Инк. | Device for determining density without a source, methods and systems |
| CN105388528A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-09 | 天津大学 | Method and detection apparatus of measuring the density of a stratum through sound waves |
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| 声波扫描成像(CAST)资料在国外X油田套管井中的应用;普明闯 等;《石油天然气学报》;20101215;第32卷(第06期);第412-414页 * |
| 套管井阵列声波测井仪器与油气层识别技术;沈建国 等;《石油仪器》;20070615;第21卷(第03期);第37-40页 * |
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