CN106199722A - A kind of method utilizing resonant acoustic wave measuring unit pipe well density of earth formations - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing resonant acoustic wave measuring unit pipe well density of earth formations Download PDFInfo
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- CN106199722A CN106199722A CN201610553990.0A CN201610553990A CN106199722A CN 106199722 A CN106199722 A CN 106199722A CN 201610553990 A CN201610553990 A CN 201610553990A CN 106199722 A CN106199722 A CN 106199722A
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing resonant acoustic wave measuring unit pipe well density of earth formations, measurement for single rock density of earth formations, including: in cased well, ultrasonic probe is disposed vertically, electricity consumption pulse excitation, impinges perpendicularly on casing wall by the transient acoustic waves of frequency range characteristic frequency section between 100kHz 900kHz；All echos that record reflects from casing wall, wherein the sound wave composition through stratum reflection is relevant to density of earth formations；The echo fast Fourier transform of reception is obtained its frequency spectrum, it is thus achieved that its peak value and peak；Utilize single rock stratum reflection coefficient peak value and position and the single valued relation of density of earth formations, calculate density of earth formations from the resonant frequency of reflection coefficient and correspondence thereof respectively；Set up scale method and graduator according to the non-linear single valued relation of both, be density of earth formations by the peak value in spectral reflection, peak scale respectively.The present invention has reliably, safety, convenient advantage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum works well logging construction middle sleeve well stratum physical parameters measurement and the instrumentation of assessment of rock properties
Technical field, particularly relates to a kind of method utilizing acoustic measurement Cased Hole Formation density.
Background technology
During oil development, the measurement to density of earth formations is very important, can with its evaluate formation lithology and
The porosity etc. of pore media, is the important physical parameter of petroleum exploration & development.Past uses the side measuring Electron capture cross section
Method obtains density of earth formations, not only needs the gamma ray source that dose comparison is big, human body and environment is all had bigger injury, and surveys
Measuring appratus must be pushed against the borehole wall, it is impossible to enough enforcement in cased well is measured.If able to ultrasonic side in cased well
Method realizes the measurement of density of earth formations just can increase density of earth formations information in oil output measure, in evaluation development process
The fractue spacing etc. that the blocking of layer hole and pressing crack construction cause.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of reliable, safety, the method measuring density of earth formations easily.Adopt the following technical scheme that
A kind of method utilizing resonant acoustic wave measuring unit pipe well density of earth formations, for the measurement of single rock density of earth formations,
Comprise the following steps that
1) being disposed vertically by ultrasonic probe in cased well, electricity consumption pulse excitation, by frequency range at 100kHz-900kHz
Between the transient acoustic waves of characteristic frequency section impinge perpendicularly on casing wall, this sound wave is by vertical incidence after sleeve pipe and cement sheath
To stratum and reflect.
2) all echos reflected from casing wall are recorded, wherein through sound wave composition and the density of earth formations of stratum reflection
Relevant；
3) utilizing the internal relation of single rock density and the velocity of sound, i.e. for single rock stratum, the velocity of sound is all with porosity
And the internal relation changed, obtain the reflection coefficient peak value of cased well and the non-linear single valued relation of density of earth formations and peak respectively
Value position, i.e. peak value place frequency resonance frequency, with the single valued relation of density of earth formations；
4) the echo fast Fourier transform of reception is obtained its frequency spectrum, it is thus achieved that its peak value and peak；
5) single rock stratum reflection coefficient peak value and position and the single valued relation of density of earth formations are utilized, respectively from reflection system
Several and corresponding resonant frequency calculates density of earth formations；
6) set up scale method and graduator according to the non-linear single valued relation of both, by the peak value in spectral reflection,
Peak scale respectively is density of earth formations.
This method is the single valued relation of sandstone when sand-mudstone formation is measured, and the density obtained is accurate, mainly uses
In the calculating of sandstone formation porosity, the single valued relation of limestone when limestone is measured, the density obtained is accurate,
It is mainly used in the calculating of porosity.The density inaccuracy on other stratum, is merely able to as reference.The present invention takes full advantage of: with
One rock is such as: there is dependency relation, sleeve pipe and cement thickness between sandstone or limestone its density and velocity of sound close to wavelength,
Little to the relationship affect between density and reflection coefficient, its vertical reflection coefficient and density of earth formations present single valued relation.This
The beneficial effect of the invention is as follows:
1, sound wave comprises density of earth formations information in the echo of open hole well, under the conditions of cased well, due to sleeve pipe and water
The resonance characteristics of mud ring thickness, its echo comprises density of earth formations too, and the present invention is found that cased well reflects theoretically
Relation between ripple and density of earth formations, utilizes this relation can realize the measurement of density of earth formations under the conditions of cased well, increases for oil field
Produce and provide new detection means.Can be with the density of earth formations identification fracturing fracture of measurement, analysis main force oil under the conditions of cased well
The hole of layer pollutes and stopping state.
2, launch frequency of sound wave and make it measure at cased well resonant frequency by adjusting, anti-by measured by acoustic wave methodogy
Ejected wave range signal is fully utilized, and cementing quality detection is carried out, consolidated with density of earth formations measurement simultaneously
Stratum measurement density of earth formations, at the stratum measurement cementing quality of consolidation difference.
3, can be bent to the density of sandstone or limestone target zone in the case of open hole well does not surveys into density of earth formations
Survey mended in cased well by line, it is ensured that the integrity of well-log information.
4, acoustic wave methodogy does not has radioactive pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The 3rd resonant frequency of Fig. 1 a is with the Changing Pattern of density of earth formations
Generalized reflection at the 3rd resonant frequency of Fig. 1 b and transmission coefficient are with the Changing Pattern of density of earth formations
Generalized reflection in its cased well and stratum and transmission coefficient when the porosity of Fig. 2 a sandstone is 1
Generalized reflection in its cased well and stratum and transmission coefficient when the porosity of Fig. 2 b sandstone is 1-30
Generalized reflection in Fig. 3 a cased well and transmission coefficient (porosity is the sandstone formation of 1)
Generalized reflection in Fig. 3 b cased well and transmission coefficient (porosity is the sandstone formation of 30)
Generalized reflection in Fig. 3 c cased well and transmission coefficient (porosity is the sandstone formation of 1-30)
The propagation in one-dimensional n-layer medium of Fig. 4 sound wave
Detailed description of the invention:
The present invention provides a kind of method utilizing acoustic measurement Cased Hole Formation density, comprises the steps: first, by water
Flat transmitting probe is placed in the well of cased well in liquid, and vertical sleeve tube wall incident acoustic wave, through sleeve pipe and cement sheath multiple reflections
Form resonance wave later.Second, receive in cased well and be reflected back the sound wave of liquid in well from sleeve pipe, be recorded into ejected wave ripple simultaneously
Shape, the 3rd, according to echo and incidence wave waveform, calculate reflection coefficient by time-domain signal processing method；4th, to measurement
Echo and incidence wave waveform carry out Fourier transformation (FFT) and obtain its frequency spectrum, utilize frequency spectrum to obtain resonant frequency and anti-
The maximum of the phase and amplitude of ejected wave, calculates reflection coefficient under the result of calculation of Fig. 4 institute representation model instructs；5th, according to
The resonant frequency obtained from frequency spectrum in reflection coefficient in step 3 or step 4 and reflection coefficient, by close to linear plate
Fig. 1 calculates the density on stratum.
Fig. 1 is the sandstone plate under the conditions of two cased wells obtained by the present invention, features in cased well measured
GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT, transmission coefficient at resonant frequency Fig. 1 a of echo and this frequency close with the monodrome of density of earth formations Fig. 1 b
System.Having two curves in Fig. 1 b, a generalized transmission coefficient being to enter stratum, one is reflected back in cased well in liquid
GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT.Can be seen that for sandstone formation from figure, casing thickness be 10mm, velocity of longitudinal wave be 5700m/s,
Density is 7.8g/cm3；Cement thickness is 10mm, and density is 1.9g/cm3, in the case of velocity of longitudinal wave is 3000m/s, from well
The sound wave impinged perpendicularly in interior liquid in sleeve pipe-cement sheath-stratigraphic model has resonance characteristics, and its resonant frequency is close with stratum
Degree change, the GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT at resonant frequency is also with stratum variable density, and Fig. 1 shows, both of which is obvious with density of earth formations
Change.In the density range (2.15-2.65) of sandstone formation, resonant frequency changes to 849.5kHz, broad sense from 853.9kHz
Reflection coefficient changes to 0.3 from 0.56, and two curves are all monodromes, close to straight line, is very similar to calculate with GR
Monodrome curve during shale content.Just can obtain the density on stratum from measured reflection configuration with this curve.
The present invention has directly utilized the density of earth formations information in cased well echo amplitude.With sandstone scale i.e. sandstone chart board
Time, more accurate to the density measured by sandstone formation；During with limestone scale i.e. limestone chart board, lime rock stratum is surveyed
The density of amount is more accurate.Density measured by two kinds of reservoirs does not all have the coupling of elastic modelling quantity.
The present invention is described in detail below:
1 theoretical foundation
From the point of view of the present invention, theoretical foundation is most important, proves it below: in 1 cased well, sound wave is from well
Sleeve pipe is incided in interior liquid in perpendicular casing thickness direction, and through cement sheath to stratum, in the process, sound wave is at sleeve pipe and water
By multiple reflections and transmission on the separating surface on mud ring, cement sheath and stratum, such communication process is because of sleeve pipe and cement sheath ratio
Relatively thin, it may appear that many times, ultimately form resonance wave.Having dependency relation between 2 resonant frequencies and density of earth formations, 3 for really
Fixed stratum such as sandstone, porosity change time its density of earth formations change therewith, resonant frequency and generalized reflection crest value also with
Change, therefore can set up the single valued relation between the reflection configuration of measurement and density of earth formations, 4 utilize this single valued relation to pass through
Scale obtains the density on stratum.
Owing to the frequency of sound wave selected is in more than 300kHz, the tubular type mode of oscillation (natural frequency that sleeve pipe bending causes
Near 15kHz) the least with coupling of the thickness vibration mode of present invention use, the sonic propagation of the inventive method will not be constituted
Compare large effect.Therefore the acoustic reflection characteristics of cased well vertical incidence is carried out by the present invention with 1 dimension n-layer sonic propagation model
Analyze, select simple harmonic wave e-jωt。
As shown in Figure 4, incidence wave E1 enters from ground floor medium, the vibration displacement ξ of ground floor medium1By two parts group
Become:
Wherein, amplitude E1 of incidence wave is 1, and Section 2 is Generalized Anti ejected wave, its amplitude F1It is plural number, referred to as generalized reflection
Coefficient, contains amplitude and the phase place of various echos from the right All Media reflected back into medium 1, is the folded of all echos
Add.Wherein k1It is wave number, if the spread speed that sound wave is in ground floor medium is c1, then k1=ω/c1。
M layer medium (m=2 ..., n-1) vibration displacement ξmAlso it is made up of two parts:
Wherein Section 1 is the ripple propagated along x-axis positive direction, and its amplitude is Em, Section 2 is propagated along x-axis negative direction
Ripple, its amplitude is Fm。
The vibration displacement ξ of n-th layer mediumnOnly have transmitted wave；Because there is no echo, so its echo amplitude FnIt is 0,
Transmitted wave amplitude is En:
Above-mentioned model is solved by the boundary condition (vibration displacement and stress are equal) of every adjacent two layers.The inventive method
Model has liquid in cased well, sleeve pipe, cement sheath and totally four layers of stratum, does not comprise the situation that cement handing-over is bad.Utilize
GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT F1 of ground floor obtains density of earth formations.
Not having simple analytical function relation between peak F 1 and the density of earth formations of resonant frequency and correspondence thereof, the present invention uses
When above-mentioned model calculates density of earth formations change, the change curve (Fig. 2) of GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT F1.Its resonance frequency is taken from Fig. 2
The peak value of rate and correspondence thereof finds, they are respectively provided with the single valued relation of monotone variation with density of earth formations, and this relation features sound wave
The resonance characteristics that stratum sound wave reflects on interface and transmission causes is arrived through sleeve pipe, cement sheath.These features are sleeve pipes
It is more than under its depth information with the wave length of sound of cement sheath, the concentrated expression of sound wave wave process.From notional result: sleeve pipe
Being all solid with cement sheath, thickness ratio is relatively thin, it is possible to forms resonance, therefore can obtain density of earth formations by resonance characteristics.
Fig. 2 is the concrete manifestation of covibration.Fig. 2 a is the porosity of sandstone formation when being 1, the broad sense in its cased well
The generalized transmission coefficient on reflection coefficient and stratum is with the change of frequency, and at a series of specific frequencies, pole occurs in reflection coefficient
There is maximum in little value, transmission coefficient, covibration occur.Fig. 2 b be porosity from 1 change to 30 time, resonant frequency increases,
Formant the most substantially changes.
Fig. 3 is to the 3rd concrete analysis that frequency is carried out in Fig. 2.Fig. 3 a is at the 3rd resonant frequency in Fig. 2
GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT and transmission coefficient with the Changing Pattern of sandstone porosity.Fig. 3 a is that the porosity of sandstone formation is when being 1
Generalized reflection and transmission coefficient, Fig. 3 b be the porosity of sandstone formation be generalized reflection when 30 and transmission coefficient, along with hole
The increase of degree, resonant frequency increases, and GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT peak value reduces.Fig. 3 c be porosity from 1 increase to 30 time, generalized reflection
Changing Pattern with transmission coefficient.
From the point of view of sandstone formation, its density and sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave have dependency relation, it is generally the case that density of earth formations
Height, its velocity of longitudinal wave is high, and interval transit time is little.For lime rock stratum, both positive correlations are also to exist.The most different
Rock, has different dependency relations between its velocity of sound from density.Different materials, both dependency relations can not make mutually
With.But, from the point of view of sandstone and limestone, its lithology is fixing, and the difference of density is mainly made by the porosity on stratum
Becoming, therefore, the dependency relation of its velocity of sound and density determines that, does not changes with porosity, can be used to measure density.Change sentence
Talk about, be mainly used to calculate the total porosity of sandstone or limestone from density log value from the perspective of, with the sandstone determined or
The velocity of sound of limestone and the dependency of density, it is possible to achieve the measurement of density of earth formations.The density of earth formations so measured is for sandstone
It is accurate from the point of view of the calculating of porosity.
The natural impedance on stratum is the immediate cause causing echo amplitude, for two layer medium, and its reflection coefficient
Directly and natural impedance Z on stratum and natural impedance Z of liquid0Relevant.For open hole well, utilize the sandstone velocity of sound and density
Dependency relation it appeared that: reflection coefficient is the most linear with density of earth formations, may be used for the measurement of density of earth formations.But
It is that, for cased well, owing to there being the impact of sleeve pipe and cement sheath, linear relationship the most linearly, but as Fig. 1, has one
Fixed bending, but, density of earth formations is it will be evident that permissible with the single valued relation of resonant frequency and corresponding GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT thereof
With this close to the measurement of linear relational implementation density of earth formations.
Density of earth formations change finally shows that in measurement result be the amplitude of GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT and echo.It is combined
Close the reflection of the ripple that density causes from product and the different interface of the velocity of sound in the positive correlation of the velocity of sound, natural impedance with density
And transmission feature.These feature weave ins, the monodrome being eventually exhibited as between the reflection coefficient shown in Fig. 1 and density of earth formations
Relation.
The density of open-hole logging is mainly used to calculate the porosity on stratum, from the point of view of the sandstone determined or limestone,
There is between its velocity of sound and density of earth formations the positive correlation determined.But, they still have in terms of reflection formation porosity
There is the difference of obvious physical essence, mutually replace it is thus impossible to enough, but as independent logging method, from different sides
The porosity on reflection stratum, face and lithologic character.
The inventive method actually from angular surveying sandstone or the density of earth formations of limestone of acquisition pores porosity, is building
During single valued relation shown in Fig. 1, employ dependency relation inherent between the sandstone velocity of sound and density, the most just complete from density
Conversion plate between GENERALIZED REFLECTION COEFFICIENT so that we utilize reflection coefficient can directly obtain the density value on stratum.By
The relation reflected in this plate determines that, just for sandstone formation, therefore, measured density is the close of sandstone
Degree, i.e. for being accurately from the point of view of sandstone formation, other stratum such as mud stone is then forbidden, and has certain error.Change an angle to say:
The inventive method gives an approach extracting its density of earth formations information comprised from echo amplitude.
In this inventive method, employ sandstone scale and the limestone scale method being similar to neutron porosity log.In
Element measured by son is hydrogen content, and the hydrogen content of sandstone and limestone is different, in order to distinguish this two rocks to measurement
The impact of result, people by sandstone scale plate (or limestone scale plate) by measured counting rate and sandstone (or stone
Limestone) apparent porosity log value establish contact.Here, what we measured is echo amplitude, for different rocks
Its echo amplitude has difference, but, for the rock determined, such as sandstone, limestone, relevant between its velocity of sound to density
Relation determines that, the main purpose of density log is to obtain sandstone or the porosity of lime rock stratum.Because, sandstone or Calx
When the porosity of rock changes, density of earth formations changes the most therewith.Changing different from its density during different rock, porosity change is drawn
The variable density risen is based on same rock (sandstone or limestone), the only variable density caused by hole change, because of
This can use the dependency relation of the velocity of sound and the density determining rock (sandstone or limestone), and in other words, the inventive method institute is real
Existing is that extraction sandstone or limestone porosity change the variable density caused from echo amplitude.Only measured hole porosity changes
Become the variable density caused, be to be directed entirely to sandstone or the density log method of limestone porosity acquisition.
Measured by the present invention is that the echo amplitude that density of earth formations causes changes, and is not related to the velocity of longitudinal wave on stratum.
Although the velocity of longitudinal wave of sandstone and density of earth formations have correlated characteristic, the inventive method is by plate by the impact of the velocity of sound effectively
Eliminate, be only left density of earth formations and change the changing unit of the echo amplitude caused.
Claims (1)
1. the method utilizing resonant acoustic wave measuring unit pipe well density of earth formations, for the measurement of single rock density of earth formations, bag
Include the steps:
1) being disposed vertically by ultrasonic probe in cased well, electricity consumption pulse excitation, by frequency range between 100kHz-900kHz
The transient acoustic waves of characteristic frequency section impinge perpendicularly on casing wall, this sound wave is by impinging perpendicularly on ground after sleeve pipe and cement sheath
Layer also reflects.
2) all echos reflected from casing wall are recorded, wherein through sound wave composition and the density of earth formations phase of stratum reflection
Close；
3) utilizing the internal relation of single rock density and the velocity of sound, i.e. for single rock stratum, the velocity of sound all changes with porosity
The internal relation become, obtains the reflection coefficient peak value of cased well and the non-linear single valued relation of density of earth formations and peak value position respectively
Put, i.e. peak value place frequency resonance frequency, with the single valued relation of density of earth formations；
4) the echo fast Fourier transform of reception is obtained its frequency spectrum, it is thus achieved that its peak value and peak；
5) utilize single rock stratum reflection coefficient peak value and position and the single valued relation of density of earth formations, respectively from reflection coefficient and
The resonant frequency of its correspondence calculates density of earth formations；
6) scale method and graduator are set up according to the non-linear single valued relation of both, by the peak value in spectral reflection, peak value
Position scale respectively is density of earth formations.
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