CN106199721A - The method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, including: the full-wave train data provided according to Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, extract direct-path signal and reflection wave signal, in conjunction with velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and Stoneley wave speed and apparatus structure parameter, the direct-path signal extracted is carried out echo extraction again, obtain the echo that the reflector of parallel borehole axis produces, after synthesis, obtain complete echo.The present invention takes full advantage of the velocity information of through compressional wave, shear wave and Stoneley wave and combines apparatus structure parameter, the direct-path signal extracted is carried out echo extraction again, has obtained the reflection wave signal of the reflector of parallel borehole axis.

Description

The method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, belong to array sonic log money Material processes and applied technical field.

Background technology

Array sonic log echo extracting method mainly has median filtering method, F K filter method, high-resolution radon transform Method etc..The extraction carrying out echo from array acoustic full-wave train data belongs to detection and the extraction of weak signal, and it is straight by well The impact reaching ripple, noise and well external reflectance body is big, it is necessary to could be extracted through special signal processing method.

Therefore, prior art there is also following shortcoming: the echo extracting method taked the most at present is both for waveform Data self attributes is analyzed processing, and does not make full use of the parameters such as compressional wave, shear wave, Stoneley wave speed and apparatus structure； 2. the reflected wave information that parallel reflector with borehole axis outer for well produces, existing processing method is difficult to echo from all-wave Column data extracts.3. the techniqueflow that the complete echo of a set of unification extracts it is formed without.

It addition, China Patent Publication No. CN104533396A discloses the processing method of a kind of remote detection sound wave, publication date It is 2,015 04 22, including: 1) use least square deconvolution processing method to remote detection acoustic logging dipole component waves figurate number According to carrying out pretreatment, reduce the waveform concussion cycle；2) median filter method is utilized to obtain direct wave D from original waveform FW (t) T (), utilizes FW (t) to deduct D (t) and obtains echo；3) f k filtering method separation echo is used to obtain uplink and downlink echo: By stationary source away under time domain waveform data carry out two dimension Fourier's direct transform, all-wave data are converted to frequency-wavenumber domain, Upper and lower row echo apparent velocity is finite value；4) utilize the diffraction scan migration stacking image method uplink and downlink to separating anti- Ejected wave processes；5) Filtering Processing.But this patent uses median filtering method to extract reflected wave information likely lacks parallel borehole axis The waveform of reflector, is the most further processed the direct wave extracted.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to the problems referred to above overcoming prior art to exist, it is provided that a kind of from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms The method of middle extraction echo.The present invention takes full advantage of the velocity information of through compressional wave, shear wave and Stoneley wave and combines Apparatus structure parameter, carries out echo extraction again to the direct-path signal extracted, and has obtained reflector anti-of parallel borehole axis Ejected wave signal.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, it is characterised in that: according to array sonic log The full-wave train data that data provides, extract direct-path signal and reflection wave signal, in conjunction with velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and stone Profit wave velocity and apparatus structure parameter, again carry out echo extraction to the direct-path signal extracted, obtain the anti-of parallel borehole axis The echo that beam produces, obtains complete echo after synthesis.

Described method specifically includes following steps:

A, using array acoustic original acoustic wave Wave data as input, use medium filtering to carry out echo extraction, make W_tol For original waveform data, W_zgThe direct wave Wave data obtained for process, W_f1The reflection wave data obtained for process, tool Body computational methods are as follows:

$W_{zg}\left(i\right)=median\{W_{tol}^j\left(i\right),j=i-L,...,i,...,i+L\},i=1,2,...,Ndep$

W_f1(i)=W_tol(i)-W_zg(i)

In above formula, Ndep is degree of depth line number, and median is median filter, and L is the span that wave filter takes intermediate value, W_zg(i) For i-th degree of depth direct wave graphic data,For the original waveform number of jth ripple in the median filter under the i-th degree of depth According to, W_f1I () is i-th degree of depth reflected waveform data；

B, array sound wave measuring well curve is processed, obtain Stoneley wave speed V_st, shear wave velocity V_sAnd velocity of longitudinal wave V_p；

C, utilize step a processes the direct wave Wave data W obtained_zg, velocity of wave that integrating step b obtains and apparatus structure Parameter, substep filters Stoneley wave W_st, through shear wave W_s, through compressional wave W_p, finally give the reflector reflecting parallel borehole axis Echo W_f2；

D, to extract two echo W_f1、W_f2Synthesize, obtain complete echo W_f:

W_f=W_f1+W_f2。

Described filter Stoneley wave particularly as follows:

ΔT_stij=(d_j-d_i)/V_st

$W_{r1}^i={W_{zg}}^i\left(t\right)-W_{st}^i\left(t\right)$

Wherein,For the Stoneley wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,For jth under the i-th degree of depth △ T pressed by individual receptor_stijWaveform after movement, △ T_stijFor the Stoneley wave time difference of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth, Filtering the waveform after Stoneley wave direct wave for the i-th degree of depth, median is median filter, and N connects for connecing array acoustic instrument Receiving device number, d is the receptor distance away from sound source, and △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.

Described filter through shear wave particularly as follows:

ΔT_sij=(d_j-d_i)/V_s

$W_{r2}^i=W_{r1}^i\left(t\right)-W_s^i\left(t\right)$

Wherein,For the shear wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,Connect for jth under the i-th degree of depth Receive device and press △ T_sijWaveform after movement, △ T_sijFor the shear wave slowness of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,Deep for i-th Waveform after degree filter shear wave direct wave, median is median filter, and N is for connecing array acoustic instrument receiver number, and d is for receiving The device distance away from sound source, △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.

Described filter through compressional wave particularly as follows:

ΔT_pij=(d_j-d_i)/V_p

$W_{f2}^i=W_{r2}^i\left(t\right)-W_p^i\left(t\right)$

Wherein,For the shear wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,Connect for jth under the i-th degree of depth Receive device and press △ T_pijWaveform after movement, △ T_pijFor the compressional wave time difference of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,Deep for i-th Waveform after degree filter shear wave direct wave, median is median filter, and N is for connecing array acoustic instrument receiver number, and d is for receiving The device distance away from sound source, △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.

Employing it is an advantage of the current invention that:

One, the present invention solves and how to comprehensively utilize the waveform of array sonic log, velocity of wave information and apparatus structure parameter Carry out echo extraction；Also solve and how to carry comprising reflection wave signal complete produced by the reflector parallel with borehole axis Take out.

Two, application prospect: 1, be applied to extraction and the process of array sonic log full-wave train data echo, for follow-up money The migration imaging of material lays the first stone；2, it is applied to the extraction of reflected energy, reflected energy is built with oil and gas production relation Stand and lay the first stone.

Three, the scope of application of the present invention: carbonate formation, sand-mudstone formation, shale formation；By the method to COMPONENT IN SOUTH SICHUAN BASIN The array sonic log data of the 8 mouthfuls of wells in ground carry out echo extraction, successfully extract and include the reflector institute parallel with borehole axis The complete reflection configuration produced.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is present invention time difference medium filtering instance graph

Fig. 2 integrated filter processes instance graph

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1

A kind of method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, according to Array Sonic Logging Waveforms provide complete Wave train data, extract direct-path signal and reflection wave signal by median filtering technology, in conjunction with velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and this Tonneau wave velocity and apparatus structure parameter, again carry out echo extraction to the direct-path signal extracted, obtain parallel borehole axis The echo that reflector produces, obtains complete echo after synthesis.

Embodiment 2

A kind of method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, utilize Wave data and combine compressional wave, shear wave, Stoneley wave direct wave velocity information and apparatus structure parameter, carry out substep filter compressional wave, shear wave, Stoneley wave direct wave respectively Remove, extract the technology of reflection wave signal produced by the reflector parallel with borehole axis.

Techniqueflow: carry out echo extraction first with medium filtering, extraction is gone directly by recycling time difference medium filtering Ripple carries out echo extraction, the echo of comprehensive twice extraction again, obtains complete echo.

Embodiment 3

A kind of method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, specifically includes following steps:

The first step: using array acoustic original acoustic wave Wave data as input, uses medium filtering to carry out echo extraction, Make W_tolFor original waveform data, W_zgProcess the direct wave Wave data obtained, W_f1The reflection wave data obtained for process, Circular is as follows:

$W_{zg}\left(i\right)=median\{W_{tol}^j\left(i\right),j=i-L,...,i,...,i+L\},i=1,2,...,Ndep$

W_f1(i)=W_tol(i)-W_zg(i)

In above formula, Ndep is degree of depth line number, and median is median filter, and L is the span that wave filter takes intermediate value.W_zg(i) For i-th degree of depth direct wave graphic data,For the original waveform number of jth ripple in the median filter under the i-th degree of depth According to, W_f1I () is i-th degree of depth reflected waveform data.

Second step: process software with existing Sonic Logging Data and array sound wave measuring well curve is processed, obtain this Tonneau wave velocity V_st, shear wave velocity V_sAnd velocity of longitudinal wave V_p。

3rd step: utilize and process the direct wave Wave data W obtained in the first step_zg, the velocity of wave that obtains in conjunction with second step and Apparatus structure parameter, uses time difference median filtering technology substep to remove Stoneley wave W_st, through shear wave W_s, through compressional wave W_p, Obtain reflecting the echo W of the reflector of parallel borehole axis eventually_f2.Concrete processing procedure is as follows:

A. through Stoneley wave is filtered

ΔT_stij=(d_j-d_i)/V_st

$W_{r1}^i={W_{zg}}^i\left(t\right)-W_{st}^i\left(t\right)$

For the Stoneley wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,Connect for jth under the i-th degree of depth Receive device and press △ T_stijWaveform after movement, △ T_stijFor the Stoneley wave time difference of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,It is i-th The individual degree of depth filters the waveform after Stoneley wave direct wave.

B. through shear wave is filtered

ΔT_sij=(d_j-d_i)/V_s

$W_{r2}^i=W_{r1}^i\left(t\right)-W_s^i\left(t\right)$

For the shear wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,Press for jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth △T_sijWaveform after movement, △ T_sijFor the shear wave slowness of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,For i-th degree of depth filter horizontal stroke Waveform after ripple direct wave.

C. through compressional wave is filtered

ΔT_pij=(d_j-d_i)/V_p

$W_{f2}^i=W_{r2}^i\left(t\right)-W_p^i\left(t\right)$

For the shear wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,Press for jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth △T_pijWaveform after movement, △ T_pijFor the compressional wave time difference of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,For i-th degree of depth filter horizontal stroke Waveform after ripple direct wave.

In above-mentioned handling process, median is median filter, and N is for connecing array acoustic instrument receiver number, and d is for receiving The device distance away from sound source, △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.

4th step: to two the echo W extracted_f1、W_f2Synthesize, obtain complete echo W_f:

W_f=W_f1+W_f2。

Embodiment 4

As it is shown in figure 1, be that certain practical logging data separate time difference median filtering technology processes example.These data are actual adopting 1 emitter of certain depth location of collection is launched, the Wave data that 8 receptors receive.Abscissa represents the propagation time, vertical seat Mark represents the waveform received by each receptor.In figure, a represents original acoustic wave Wave data, and in figure, b, c, d are for using in literary composition Wave data obtained by the time difference medium filtering of second step and the 3rd step.In figure, b is the Wave data after filtering Stoneley wave, In figure, c is the Wave data after filtering Sliding S Wave, in figure d represent filter Sliding P Wave after final reflected waveform data.From It can be seen that use time difference median filter to be attained by filtering the effect of this kind of mode wave for certain direct wave each time in figure Really, and do not affect other waveforms, illustrate the effectiveness of this kind of filtering method.

As in figure 2 it is shown, use integrated filter proposed by the invention to process for certain log data extract what echo obtained Example.Left side second is the original acoustic wave Wave data that the common instrument that actual acquisition arrives gathers, and the 3rd road is for using intermediate value filter Ripple processes the reflection wave data obtained, and the 4th road is to use integrated filter proposed by the invention to process the echo obtained Wave data.Compare the 3rd road, the 4th track data has the reflection wave information of parallel borehole axis more, more obvious, instruction The reflection wave signal produced for the reflector parallel with borehole axis, indicates the effectiveness of this method.

Claims (5)

1. the method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms, it is characterised in that: provide according to array sonic log The full-wave train data that material provides, extract direct-path signal and reflection wave signal, in conjunction with velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and stone profit Wave velocity and apparatus structure parameter, again carry out echo extraction to the direct-path signal extracted, obtain the reflection of parallel borehole axis The echo that body produces, obtains complete echo after synthesis.

The method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Method specifically includes following steps:

A, using array acoustic original acoustic wave Wave data as input, use medium filtering to carry out echo extraction, make W_tolFor former Beginning Wave data, W_zgProcess the direct wave Wave data obtained, W_f1The reflection wave data obtained for process, specifically calculate Method is as follows:

$W_{zg}\left(i\right)=median\{W_{tol}^j\left(i\right),j=i-L,...,i,...,i+L\},i=1,2,...,Ndep$

W_f1(i)=W_tol(i)-W_zg(i)

In above formula, Ndep is degree of depth line number, and median is median filter, and L is the span that wave filter takes intermediate value, W_zgI () is i-th Individual degree of depth direct wave graphic data,For the original waveform data of jth ripple, W in the median filter under the i-th degree of depth_f1 I () is i-th degree of depth reflected waveform data；

B, array sound wave measuring well curve is processed, obtain Stoneley wave speed V_st, shear wave velocity V_sAnd velocity of longitudinal wave V_p；

C, utilize step a processes the direct wave Wave data W obtained_zg, velocity of wave and apparatus structure that integrating step b obtains are joined Number, substep filters Stoneley wave W_st, through shear wave W_s, through compressional wave W_p, finally give reflector anti-reflecting parallel borehole axis Ejected wave W_f2；

D, to extract two echo W_f1、W_f2Synthesize, obtain complete echo W_f:

W_f=W_f1+W_f2。

The method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described Filter Stoneley wave particularly as follows:

ΔT_stij=(d_j-d_i)/V_st

$W_{r1}^i={W_{zg}}^i\left(t\right)-W_{st}^i\left(t\right)$

Wherein,For the Stoneley wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,Connect for jth under the i-th degree of depth Receive device and press △ T_stijWaveform after movement, △ T_stijFor the Stoneley wave time difference of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,It is i-th The individual degree of depth filters the waveform after Stoneley wave direct wave, and median is median filter, and N is for connecing array acoustic instrument receiver Number, d is the receptor distance away from sound source, and △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.

The method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described Filter through shear wave particularly as follows:

ΔT_sij=(d_j-d_i)/V_s

$W_{r2}^i=W_{r1}^i\left(t\right)-W_s^i\left(t\right)$

Wherein,For the shear wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,For jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth By △ T_sijWaveform after movement, △ T_sijFor the shear wave slowness of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,Filter for the i-th degree of depth Waveform after shear wave direct wave, median is median filter, N for connecing array acoustic instrument receiver number, d be receptor away from The distance of sound source, △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.

The method extracting echo from Array Sonic Logging Waveforms the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described Filter through compressional wave particularly as follows:

ΔT_pij=(d_j-d_i)/V_p

$W_{f2}^i=W_{r2}^i\left(t\right)-W_p^i\left(t\right)$

Wherein,For the shear wave direct wave of i-th degree of depth t,For jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth By △ T_pijWaveform after movement, △ T_pijFor the compressional wave time difference of jth receptor under the i-th degree of depth,Filter for the i-th degree of depth Waveform after shear wave direct wave, median is median filter, N for connecing array acoustic instrument receiver number, d be receptor away from The distance of sound source, △ T is the time difference that different receptor receives direct wave.