CN106199287B - A kind of material electric field shielding effect test system and method based on rectangular waveguide - Google Patents
A kind of material electric field shielding effect test system and method based on rectangular waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electromangnetic spectrum fields, more particularly to a kind of material electric field shielding effect test method and system based on rectangular waveguide.Device used in this system has rectangular waveguide, Network Analyzer, coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter and radio frequency coaxial-cable；Detected materials are placed horizontally in gap among rectangular waveguide when test, and compress detected materials with two open ends；The S before and after placing detected materials is measured by Network Analyzer21Parameter is calculated material electric field shielding efficiency using formula and estimates the conductivity of detected materials.This method can be used to test electric field shielding efficiency when anisotropic material difference E field polarization direction, make up the deficiency of flange coaxial method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electromangnetic spectrum field more particularly to a kind of material electric field shielding efficiency based on rectangular waveguide
Test macro and method.
Background technique
Electromagnetic shielding is the technical measures for inhibiting the electromagnetic disturbance by spatial field coupling path.Traditionally, electromagnetism
Shielding surrounds harassing and wrecking source or sensitive objects the shield shell made of metal material to implement.Metal has fabulous conduction
Property, it is sufficiently high to shielding electromagnetic waves efficiency.Therefore, what metal shield shield effectiveness was analyzed focuses on aperture and seam
Influence.In recent years, with the development of material science and technology, the conductive material of more and more nonmetallic templates is in electromagnetic screen
It is applied in covering, such as metal foam, carbon fiber, conductive rubber, periodic structure, Compact frequency selective surface.These are unconventional
Shielding material has the characteristics that density is low, flexible or frequency selectivity is good, has significant application value under special occasions.
Shield effectiveness is the key index of material electromagnetic shielding application.Due to structure or the complexity of composition, unconventional screen
The effective electromagnetic parameter for covering material is not easy to obtain.Material electromagnetic parameter not a duck soup is obtained especially in wide frequency ranges.?
In the case that electromagnetic parameter lacks, theoretically analysis of material electromagnet shield effect is usually extremely difficult.Therefore, experiment is surveyed
Examination is the indispensable means of assessment material electromagnet shield effect.
Currently, flange coaxial method is to investigate the common method of material far field (plane wave) shield effectiveness.Flange coaxial method base
In the similitude of TEM mode and plane wave, the plane wave shield effectiveness of simulation test material.By along on-axis wave when specific implementation
Cross section load plate detected materials are led, and obtain the insertion loss of material with Network Analyzer to characterize shield effectiveness.Flange
The advantages of coaxial method is not influenced substantially by scene around, and measuring stability is good, and can theoretically pass through shield effectiveness inverting
The effective electromagnetic parameter of material (according to the analytic formula of plane wave shield effectiveness).But there are the following problems for this method, and flange is same
The polarization direction of the electric field strength of the TEM mode of axis excitation is axisymmetric, therefore when testing anisotropic material,
Coaxial waveguide TEM mode embody be various polarization direction lower plane wave shield effectiveness " average effect ", be unable to test it is each to
Shield effectiveness under unlike material difference E field polarization direction.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the material electric field shielding effect test system that the invention proposes a kind of based on rectangular waveguide and
Method.
A kind of material electric field shielding effect test system based on rectangular waveguide,
The system comprises: rectangular waveguide, Network Analyzer, coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter and radio frequency
Coaxial cable；
The rectangular waveguide is to use cross section made of metal plate for the cylindrical shell of rectangle, from the cylindrical shell
Intermediate lateral disconnects, for placing detected materials；
The coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10There are two mode converters, respectively the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle
TE10Mode converter and the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter, the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle
TE10The first end of mode converter is connect with the first end of the rectangular waveguide, the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10
The first end of mode converter is connect with the second end of the rectangular waveguide；
The radio frequency coaxial-cable has two sections, respectively the first radio frequency coaxial-cable and the second radio frequency coaxial-cable, described
The both ends of first radio frequency coaxial-cable respectively with the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10The second end of mode converter and
The input port of the Network Analyzer connects, the both ends of second radio frequency coaxial-cable respectively with second TEM coaxial
Mode-rectangle TE10The second end of mode converter is connected with the output port of the Network Analyzer.
A method of using the test material electric field shielding efficiency of above-mentioned test macro, the method includes following steps
It is rapid:
S1 calculates the TE of the rectangular waveguide10Mode cutoff frequency fc1With the TE of the rectangular waveguide01Mode cutoff frequency
Rate fc2, the Network Analyzer is calibrated, the test frequency range for adjusting the Network Analyzer is fc1~fc2；
S2 when not placing detected materials in the rectangular waveguide, operates the Network Analyzer, measure do not place it is to be measured
Parameter when material
The detected materials are placed horizontally in gap among the rectangular waveguide, and compress institute with two open ends by S3
Detected materials are stated, operate the Network Analyzer again, measure parameter when placing detected materialsThe detected materials are wanted
It asks and meets ε > 1000 φ/ω, in which: φ is the conductivity of the detected materials, and the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave, ε are when ω is test
The dielectric constant of the detected materials；
S4 calculates the electric field shielding efficiency of the detected materials；
S5 is estimated using the electric field shielding efficiency measured and the anti-conductivity for pushing away the detected materials of corresponding frequency
Calculate the conductivity range of the detected materials.
The calculation formula of the electric field shielding efficiency are as follows:
Wherein,Not place S when detected materials21Parameter,To place S when detected materials21Parameter；ΔTE
For corrected parameter, i.e., detected materials are to TE10The difference of mode insertion loss and detected materials to TEM mode insertion loss, ΔTE's
Calculation formula are as follows:
ΔTE=-10log10(1-(fc/f)2)
Wherein, f is wave frequency rate, fcFor the rectangular waveguide TE10Mode cutoff frequency.
The conductivity range for estimating the detected materials, using infinitely great conductive plate to vertical incidence plane wave electricity
Magnetic screen operational effectiveness formula:
Wherein,For plane wave free space wave impedance,It is plane wave in conduction
Wave impedance in plate,The propagation constant for being plane wave in conductive plate, εe=εc- j σ/ω includes for conductive plate
The effective dielectric constant that conductivity influences, εcFor the dielectric constant of conductive plate, μcFor the magnetic conductivity of conductive plate, σ is conductive plate
Conductivity, the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave when ω is test, d are the thickness of conductive plate, ε0For permittivity of vacuum, μ0For vacuum magnetic conductance
Rate.
Electric field shielding efficiency when anisotropic material difference E field polarization direction is tested in aforementioned manners.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Provide a kind of material electric field shielding effect test system and method based on rectangular waveguide, easy to operate, institute
The shield effectiveness measured is the electric field shielding efficiency of far field (plane wave) to infinitely great board under test, to estimate the electricity of detected materials
Conductance can be used to test shield effectiveness when anisotropic material difference E field polarization direction, due to TE in rectangular waveguide10Mould
The E field polarization direction of formula is identical, then utilizes the TE of rectangular waveguide10Mode carries out shield effectiveness test, compensates for flange coaxial method
Deficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the material electric field shielding performance testing device figure based on rectangular waveguide.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for being laterally loaded with the pole form guide of arbitrary cross section of conductive plate.
Fig. 3 is different conductivity lower conducting plates to rectangular waveguide TE10The insertion loss of mode with wave frequency rate variation diagram.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is placement direction of the anisotropic material in rectangular waveguide when being 0 ° and 90 °, wherein Fig. 4 (a)
It is 0 °, Fig. 4 (b) is 90 °.
Fig. 5 be under different placement directions anisotropic material to rectangular waveguide TE10The insertion loss of mode is with wave frequency rate
Variation diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, it elaborates to embodiment.
Embodiment one:
A kind of material electric field shielding effect test system based on rectangular waveguide, the system include: rectangular waveguide, network point
Analyzer, coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter and radio frequency coaxial-cable；
Rectangular waveguide is to use cross section made of metal plate for the cylindrical shell of rectangle, the intermediate cross of the cylindrical shell
To disconnection, for placing detected materials.
Coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10There are two mode converters, respectively the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10
Mode converter and the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter, the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode
The first end of converter and the first end of rectangular waveguide connect, the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10The first of mode converter
End is connect with the second end of rectangular waveguide.
Radio frequency coaxial-cable has two sections, respectively the first radio frequency coaxial-cable and the second radio frequency coaxial-cable, the first radio frequency
The both ends of coaxial cable respectively with the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10The second end of mode converter and Network Analyzer
Input port connection, the both ends of the second radio frequency coaxial-cable respectively with the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter
Second end is connected with the output port of Network Analyzer.
Specific in Fig. 1, rectangular waveguide 1 is to use cross section made of metal plate for the cylindrical shell of rectangle, from cylindricality
The intermediate lateral of shell is disconnected for placing detected materials 5, both ends and coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter 4 connects
It connects, Network Analyzer 2 passes through radio frequency coaxial-cable 3 and coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter 4 connects；It will when test
Detected materials 5 are placed horizontally in gap among rectangular waveguide, and compress detected materials with two open ends；Pass through Network Analyzer
The S of 5 front and back of detected materials is placed in 2 measurements21Parameter finally obtains material electric field shielding efficiency and estimates its conductivity.
Embodiment two:
The method for carrying out the measurement of electric field shielding efficiency using the system in embodiment one includes step performed below:
Step 1, the length and width for measuring the rectangular waveguide cross section calculate the rectangular waveguide TE10Mode cutoff frequency
fc1With the TE of the rectangular waveguide01Mode cutoff frequency fc2, the Network Analyzer is calibrated, the Network Analyzer is adjusted
Test frequency range is fc1~fc2, test device is connected by above-mentioned requirements.
Step 2, when not placing detected materials in the rectangular waveguide, the Network Analyzer is operated, parameter is measured
Step 3, when placing detected materials in the rectangular waveguide, the Network Analyzer is operated again, measures parameter
The detected materials are required to meet ε > 1000 σ/ω, in which: σ is the conductivity of the detected materials, and ω is test
When electromagnetic wave angular frequency, ε is the dielectric constant of the detected materials, this condition easily reaches for shielding material.
Step 4, the electric field shielding efficiency of detected materials, the formula for calculating detected materials electric field shielding efficiency are calculated
Are as follows:
In formula,Not place S when detected materials21Parameter,To place S when detected materials21Parameter, ΔTE
For corrected parameter, i.e., detected materials are to TE10Mode insertion loss with to TEM mode insertion loss (plane wave shield effectiveness) it
Difference.ΔTEFormula proving process it is as follows:
By taking the uniform pole form guide figure of an arbitrary cross section shown in Fig. 2 as an example, region 2 be waveguide in load with a thickness of
The conductive plate of d, dielectric constant, magnetic conductivity and conductivity are respectively εc, μcAnd σ.Region 1 and region 3 are vacuum.In scheming
O point is that coordinate origin establishes general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system, three of them coordinate amount is respectively (u, v, z).Wherein, u and v is cross
To coordinate.
The H of TE mode is propagated in the pole form guide along z-axiszComponent can be expressed as:
In formula, A is amplitude, kzFor propagation constant.
Eigenfunction V describes the cross direction profiles of field, it determines equation and boundary condition (on wave guide wall by general with characteristic value T
The tangential component of electric field strength E is zero) to determine:
In formula,For lateral Laplace operator, n represents the normal unit vector of wave guide wall, and S is wave guide wall boundary.Formula
(3) and (4) simultaneous can determine a series of associated V and T, correspond to a series of TE modes.Practical characteristic value is exactly mode
End wave number.Eigenfunction and characteristic value are only related with cross sectional shape and size, therefore three regions intrinsic letter having the same
Several and characteristic value.Propagation constant kzIt can be given expression to by characteristic value T and wave number k:
Wherein,ω is angular frequency, and ε and μ are respectively the dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity of region medium.
The cross stream component of TE mode can use its HzRepresentation in components are as follows:
In formula, h1And h2The Lame Coefficient of respectively u and v coordinate.
When certain TE mould electromagnetic wave is propagated from region 1 along z-axis and is incident on conductive plate, after reflection and transmission, region 1
Field distribution is indicated by the superposition of incidence wave and back wave:
In formula,WithRespectively represent the amplitude of incidence wave and back wave in region 1.
Field distribution in region 2 can also be indicated by the superposition of incidence wave and back wave:
Field distribution in region 3 only includes transmitted wave:
Wherein, region 1 is identical with 3 medium of region, therefore propagation constant k1zAnd k3zIt is equal, can it be expressed as
The propagation constant k in region 22zIn should include conductivity influence, i.e.,
ε in formulae=εc- j σ/ω is that conductive plate contains the effective dielectric constant of conductivity influence.
The amplitude relation of the field of different zones is determined below by interface condition.Interface (z=in region 1 and 2
0) it, is continuously exported by the tangential component of electric field strength and magnetic field strength respectively:
Interface (z=d) in region 2 and 3, is continuously exported by the tangential component of electric field strength and magnetic field strength respectively:
By formula (14), (15), A2+ and A2- can be expressed as with A3+:
By formula (12), (13), A1+ can be expressed as with A2+ and A2-:
Convolution (16) and (17), it can be deduced that insertion loss IL of the conductive plate to TE modeTEAre as follows:
Z in formula1TEAnd Z2TEThe wave impedance of TE mode respectively in region 1 (3) and region 2
Conductive plate can be expressed as the electromagnet shield effect (insertion loss) of the plane wave of vertical incidence:
In formula,For plane wave free space wave impedance,It is plane wave in conductive plate
In wave impedance,The propagation constant for being plane wave in conductive plate.
In view of detected materials are good conductor under normal conditions, that is, meet condition σ > > ω εc, then have:
δ is the depth of penetration of the electromagnetic wave in conductive plate in formula,
On the other hand, since the wave frequency rate of investigation is higher than the cutoff frequency of mode, i.e.,Therefore have
|ω2μcεe|>>|ω2μcεc|>T2 (22)
And then the propagation constant of TE mode in conductive plate can be simplified are as follows:
TE mode and plane wave have approximately equal propagation constant i.e. in conductive plate.
To TE mode, it can prove that its wave impedance in conductive plate is much smaller than wave impedance in a vacuum, i.e.,
|Z1TE|>>|Z2TE| (24)
Meanwhile also having for plane wave | Z0|>>|Zc|, therefore formula (18), (20) can be simplified to respectively:
The then difference DELTA of TE insertion loss and plane wave shield effectivenessTEApproximate expression are as follows:
ΔTE=ILTE-SE≈-10log10(1-(T/k0)2)=- 10log10(1-(fc/f)2) (27)
This formula gives conductive plate to the transformational relation of the insertion loss of TE mode and the plane wave shield effectiveness of conductive plate.
In formulaFor the free space wave impedance of electromagnetic wave,For the cutoff frequency of mode, f is
Wave frequency rate.It can be seen that ΔTEApproximation it is unrelated with the conductivity of material and size.It is computed, when detected materials meet condition
When σ/ω ε > 1000, TE mode insertion loss is unrelated with the conductivity of material and size with the difference of plane wave shield effectiveness.
Step 5, using the electric field shielding efficiency measured and the anti-conductivity for pushing away detected materials of corresponding frequency, to estimate
The conductivity range of detected materials out.Wherein, estimate that the conductivity range of detected materials can use formula (20) Lai Shixian.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is a preferred embodiment of above-mentioned two embodiment.
Take the rectangular waveguide of the long a=10cm in section, width b=5cm, conductive plate εc=ε0, μc=μ0And d=1mm.It calculates
TE can be obtained10The cutoff frequency f of modec1=1.5GHz, TE01The cutoff frequency f of modec2=3GHz.
Fig. 3 gives when the conductivity of conductive plate is respectively 10S/m, 100S/m and 1000S/m, and conductive plate is to TE10Mould
The correlation curve of formula insertion loss analytic formula (solid line, formula (18)) calculated result and full-wave simulation result, it can be seen that two
Curve conformity is preferable, demonstrates the correctness of analytic formula.
Example IV:
The present embodiment is another preferred embodiment of embodiment one and embodiment two.
The rectangular waveguide for taking the long a=10cm in section, width b=5cm, can be calculated TE10The cutoff frequency f of modec1=
1.5GHz, TE01The cutoff frequency f of modec2=3GHz.Detected materials are anisotropic ideal conductor material, and structure is thin
Strip, d=1mm.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is placement direction of the anisotropic material in rectangular waveguide when being 0 ° and 90 °, wherein Fig. 4 (a)
It is 0 °, Fig. 4 (b) is 90 °.Fig. 5 gives when anisotropic material placement direction is respectively 0 ° and 90 °, anisotropic material
To TE10The full-wave simulation result of mode insertion loss a, wherein line of upside is 90 ° corresponding, and a line of downside is 0 ° corresponding.
As can be seen that its electric field shielding efficiency of E field polarization direction difference is also different when using rectangular waveguide test anisotropic material.
Above-described embodiment is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the variation that can readily occur in or replaces
It changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claim
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of test material electric field shielding efficiency using the material electric field shielding effect test system based on rectangular waveguide
Method, the system comprises: rectangular waveguide, Network Analyzer, coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter, RF coaxial
Cable and detected materials；The rectangular waveguide is to use cross section made of metal plate for the cylindrical shell of rectangle, from the column
The intermediate lateral of shape shell disconnects, for placing the detected materials；The coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter
There are two, respectively the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mode converter and the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10Mould
Formula converter, the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10The first end of the first end of mode converter and the rectangular waveguide
Connection, the second coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10The first end of mode converter and the second end of the rectangular waveguide connect
It connects；The radio frequency coaxial-cable has two sections, and respectively the first radio frequency coaxial-cable and the second radio frequency coaxial-cable, described first penetrates
The both ends of high frequency coaxial cable respectively with the first coaxial TEM mode-rectangle TE10The second end of mode converter and the net
The input port of network analyzer connects, the both ends of second radio frequency coaxial-cable respectively with second coaxial TEM mode-
Rectangle TE10The second end of mode converter is connected with the output port of the Network Analyzer, which is characterized in that the method packet
Include following steps:
S1 calculates the TE of the rectangular waveguide10Mode cutoff frequency fc1With the TE of the rectangular waveguide01Mode cutoff frequency fc2,
The Network Analyzer is calibrated, the test frequency range for adjusting the Network Analyzer is fc1~fc2；
S2 when not placing the detected materials in the rectangular waveguide, operates the Network Analyzer, measures described in not placing
Parameter when detected materials
The detected materials are placed horizontally in gap among the rectangular waveguide by S3, and with two open ends compress described in
It measures and monitor the growth of standing timber material, operates the Network Analyzer again, measure parameter when placing the detected materialsThe detected materials are wanted
It asks and meets ε > 1000 φ/ω, in which: φ is the conductivity of the detected materials, and the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave, ε are when ω is test
The dielectric constant of the detected materials；
S4 calculates the electric field shielding efficiency of the detected materials；
S5 is estimated using the electric field shielding efficiency measured and the anti-conductivity for pushing away the detected materials of corresponding frequency
The conductivity range of the detected materials, when detected materials are conductive plate, using infinitely great conductive plate to vertical incidence plane
Wave electric field shielding operational effectiveness formula are as follows:
Wherein,For plane wave free space wave impedance,It is plane wave in conductive plate
Wave impedance,The propagation constant for being plane wave in conductive plate, εe=εc- j σ/ω is that conductive plate contains electricity
The effective dielectric constant that conductance influences, εcFor the dielectric constant of conductive plate, μcFor the magnetic conductivity of conductive plate, σ is the conductance of conductive plate
Rate, the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave when ω is test, d are the thickness of conductive plate, ε0For permittivity of vacuum, μ0For space permeability；
The calculation formula of electric field shielding efficiency in the step S4 are as follows:
Wherein,Not place S when detected materials21Parameter,To place S when detected materials21Parameter；ΔTETo repair
Positive parameter, i.e., detected materials are to TE10The difference of mode insertion loss and detected materials to TEM mode insertion loss, ΔTECalculating
Formula are as follows:
ΔTE=-10log10(1-(fc1/f)2)
Wherein, f is wave frequency rate, fc1For the TE of the rectangular waveguide10Mode cutoff frequency.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein testing anisotropic material difference electric field pole with the method
Change electric field shielding efficiency when direction.
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| CN107273627B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-06-19 | 国网江苏省电力公司经济技术研究院 | Design method of perforated electromagnetic shielding body for rapidly analyzing electromagnetic field intensity distribution |
| CN108303572A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-20 | 华北电力大学 | Modular multi-function free-space Method test fixture |
| CN109581096A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-04-05 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Metal shield materials shield effectiveness analysis model and its measurement method under screened room |
| CN109975732B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electromagnetic field probe spatial resolution calibrating device based on rectangular waveguide withering and falling mode |
| CN111447817B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2022-04-29 | 天津大学 | Method for improving system-level electromagnetic interference |
| CN112683930B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-07-29 | 广东工业大学 | Detection device and method for metal cracks |
| CN113381201B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-07-15 | 宁波大学 | Broadband wave-absorbing structure with frequency selectivity transmission function |
| CN114076853A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | System and method for measuring shielding effectiveness of nonlinear conductive material |
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