CN1061991A - The carbon piece - Google Patents
The carbon piece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1061991A CN1061991A CN91111126A CN91111126A CN1061991A CN 1061991 A CN1061991 A CN 1061991A CN 91111126 A CN91111126 A CN 91111126A CN 91111126 A CN91111126 A CN 91111126A CN 1061991 A CN1061991 A CN 1061991A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- carbon piece
- carbon
- carbonaceous material
- siliceous smog
- siliceous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 55
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 52
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 gilsonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
- C01B33/023—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material
- C01B33/025—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/12—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with inorganic binders
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of carbon salt that is applicable in the silicon melting technology of using electric arc furnace as raw material.Described carbon salt is that the mixture by carbonaceous material and siliceous smog makes.The preparation method of this carbon salt comprises: siliceous smog and carbonaceous material are mixed with water, form carbon salt with conventional ring-roll press or pressing method, make the sclerosis of carbon salt with desiccating method.
Description
The present invention relates to carbon piece and preparation method thereof.In particular, the present invention relates to be applicable in the silicon melting technology of using electric arc furnace carbon piece as raw material.
Because high furnace temperature requires the carbon piece to burn under this temperature, requires uniform performance so be used for the carbon piece of silicon smelting furnace.Therefore, this carbon piece preferably also can keep its complete structure when reaching the high-temperature zone of described stove, and described high-temperature zone is to be formed by acting in the stove of electric arc, and at this moment, silicon-dioxide is reduced.Preferably the content such as metalloid impurity (except the silicon) such as calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, titaniums is low to be used for the carbon piece of silicon smelting furnace.
In addition, the silicon melting technology can produce siliceous smog and as the wood charcoal powder one class carbonaceous material of byproduct.And siliceous smog also has some purposes, and again as the raw material that turns back in the silicon smelting furnace, in some country, transportation is expensive as the siliceous smog behind cement or paint additive and the one-tenth ball, and its market is minimum usually, so a large amount of siliceous smog usually simply is abandoned.Wood charcoal powder can not be directly used in electric arc furnace equally, unless be made into the suitable agglomerate of size earlier.Though conventional briquetting method (as using Starch Adhesive) can be prepared suitable product, this kind tackiness agent costs an arm and a leg, and the poor performance of product, so this technology has no attraction.
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method that a kind of carbon piece and preparation are applicable to the carbon piece of the silicon melting technology of using electric arc furnace.
It is to be understood that the term in this specification sheets " siliceous smog " is meant unbodied powder granular silicon.As mentioned above, the silicon oxide of this form is a kind of byproduct of handling the silicon oxide ore deposit, and as smelting quartz in the silicon oxide smelting furnace, the result forms silicon monoxide gas, and this gas further is exposed to oxidation in the air, the amorphous silicon oxide of the fine particulate that obtains.Typically, said siliceous smog contains the carbon of carrying secretly and reaches 10%, and this just makes that this material is a grey, and its remainder is almost pure silicon-dioxide.Siliceous smog is that to be formed by silicon tetrachloride reduction also be known.
It is also understood that term in this specification sheets " carbonaceous material " comprises charcoal, powdered carbon, coke, coal, coal, petroleum coke and any other carbonaceous material that is obtained by destructive distillation organism or coal.
The invention provides a kind of carbon piece that is applicable to the silicon melting technology, said carbon piece is that the mixture by carbonaceous material and siliceous smog makes.The preparation technology of this carbon piece comprises: siliceous smog and carbonaceous material are mixed with water, and the carbon piece with conventional ring-roll press or pressing method form makes the sclerosis of carbon piece with desiccating method.
In preferred version of the present invention, described carbonaceous material is made up of powdered carbon, and by weight, the content of powdered carbon is 10%～99% in this carbon piece.Though the powdered carbon in any source all can use, can be the such powdered carbon that obtains as silicon melting technology byproduct.Preferred powdered carbon contains low ash amount.
Siliceous smog is material highly in small, broken bits, and its preferred size is less than 20 microns.This superfine granularity can make in the carbon piece mixing of silicon oxide and carbon very even, and because the trend of using the big amorphous or crystalline silicon oxide of granularity to bond together is very little or do not have this trend, thereby granularity helps the bonding of carbon piece for a short time.Therefore, there is no need the use meeting impurity is introduced other matrix material in the silicon melting technology.
Certainly, be used for carbon piece of the present invention when favourable as tackiness agent with other, at this moment then should another matter.As when not having any other tackiness agent, though have high crush resistance, when shearing action, the carbon piece is often frangible.Use some a spot of tackiness agent that friability is reduced, wearing quality improves.And, at mass production, as when using ring-roll press, because pressure is lower, so in described stove, be difficult to obtain the enough carbon pieces of hot strength.Thereby by adding not rise the tackiness agent effect when the preparation carbon piece but say in some sense can by the activation of the heat of stove with the bonding stove in other materials of carbon piece can overcome this shortcoming and also improve its hot strength.
According to preferred version of the present invention, described other tackiness agents can be selected from other tackiness agents such as pitch, wood pitch, petroleum pitch, wax, wood tar oil, gilsonite, coal, gelatin, starch, sugar, ligninsulfonate, gum arabic, silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, casein.
The silicon oxide that use is obtained by siliceous smog and the uniform mixture of carbon also can provide carbon piece of the present invention with the even characteristics of burning and when being used for the electric arc furnace of temperature condition harshness, the productive rate height of silicon.Temperature in this class stove surpasses 1200 ℃ usually, usually up to 1700 ℃.And carbon block forming method of the present invention does not need expensive high pressure-temperature hardening process, as damp and hot hardening process.
According to following description meeting the present invention there is understanding more fully to a specific embodiments.Yet, should be appreciated that following description is not the restriction to the invention described above content.
This embodiment relates to the carbonaceous agglomerate of desiring to be used for the silicon smelting furnace.As mentioned above, wish that the carbon piece has such characteristic, promptly still keep the integrity of its structure when being used for the silicon smelting furnace when reaching a high temperature the district, this high-temperature zone is produced by arcing in smelting furnace, and this moment, the reduction of silicon-dioxide can take place.
Have been found that the particle that is formed by carbonaceous material and siliceous smog provides a kind of siliceous smog wherein to play the tackiness agent effect and goes back the coated carbonaceous particles so that the composition of carbonaceous particles resistance to flame to be provided.
According to a specific embodiment of embodiment, use stamping machine or roll squeezer to make the composition that contains (by weight) about 70 parts of charcoals, 25 parts of siliceous smog and 30 parts of water by routine techniques.
Preferably carbonaceous material is mixed with siliceous smog, make then mixture by hammer mill with the particle of prepared sizes less than 1 millimeter.Though its granularity of mixture is preferably less than 1 millimeter comparatively uniformly in order to obtain, this technology is applicable to that also granularity is 5 millimeters a particle.Then this mixture is sent into arm mixer and spray into water until obtaining desirable humidity.
Certainly preferred technology is changed in a series of modes.For example carbonaceous material can be ground to form fine powder and then mix with siliceous smog.Randomly, mix (pre-abrading type grinds) after can be with carbonaceous material moistening again when moistening with siliceous smog.
After forming the carbon piece, be preferably in the drying oven of 80-140 ℃ of routine and be dried.Can increase or reduce and adopt higher or lower temperature with drying rate is corresponding.The carbon piece that obtains has high green pellet strength and wear-resistant after drying, and its soundness is enough to be able to take the perpendicular stress handling and run between the delivery period.In addition, dried carbon piece presents very good intensity under comparatively high temps (promptly more than 1000 ℃), and this just guarantees when it is used for the silicon smelting furnace, can make most of carbonaceous material in the carbon piece be used in the electric arc furnace zone reduction to silicon ore.
Used siliceous smog is the waste material in the silicon melting technology in the foregoing description, and carbonaceous material is to derive from owing to too carefully can not be used for the carbon fine powder of melting technology.Thereby, advantageously utilized byproduct almost useless in the melting technology among the present invention.And the carbon piece that makes does not according to an embodiment of the present invention contain expensive tackiness agent or does not contain owing to introduced impurity in the silicon of gained to the noisy impurity of said melting technology, as above-mentioned metallic impurity.And, in the carbon piece silicone content with the raw material of siliceous smog form as smelting furnace, thereby reduced quartz amount required in the operation of stove.
Though scope of the present invention is not limited to the specified range of above-mentioned embodiment.Particularly, carbon piece of the present invention also can contain other promote carbonaceous materials at low temperatures the suitable additive of incendiary be used for industry and other civilian burning process.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of carbon piece that is applicable to the silicon melting technology, described carbon piece are that the mixture by carbonaceous material and siliceous smog forms.
2, the carbon piece of claim 1, wherein said siliceous smog are that granularity is less than about 20 microns amorphous silicon oxide particulate.
3, claim 1 or 2 carbon piece, wherein said carbonaceous material is a powdered carbon, by weight, its amount is about 10%～99% of described carbon piece.
4, each carbon piece among the claim 1-3, by weight, wherein said carbon piece is the composition that contains about 70 parts of powdered carbons, 25 parts of siliceous smog, 30 parts of water.
5, each carbon piece among the claim 1-4 also comprises other tackiness agents such as being selected from pitch, wood pitch, petroleum pitch, wax, wood tar oil, gilsonite, coal, gelatin, starch, sugar, ligninsulfonate, gum arabic, silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, casein.
6, a kind of method for preparing each carbon piece among the claim 1-5, described method comprises the mixture that forms carbonaceous material and siliceous smog, the gained mixture is mixed with water, it is configured as said carbon piece, by the drying prepared carbon piece that hardens with conventional ring-roll press or pressing method.
7, the method for claim 6, wherein with the gained mixture by hammer mill, and then mix with water to obtain granularity less than 1 millimeter mixture.
8, the method for claim 6 is wherein ground described carbonaceous material for mixing with siliceous smog behind the fine powder again.
9, the method for claim 6 is wherein mixed carbonaceous material after moistening again with siliceous smog, grind in advance or grind when moistening.
10, each method among the claim 6-9, wherein in the drying oven in routine under 80 ℃～140 ℃ temperature to carbon piece drying.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPK298490 | 1990-10-23 | ||
| AUPK2984 | 1990-10-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1061991A true CN1061991A (en) | 1992-06-17 |
Family
ID=3775029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91111126A Pending CN1061991A (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1991-10-23 | The carbon piece |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1061991A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2668161A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1251417B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992007048A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA918453B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9279091B2 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2016-03-08 | The Clorox Company | Charcoal briquettes and methods of forming thereof |
| EA030092B1 (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-29 | Товарищество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Рентан" | High-ohmic coke |
| NO345717B1 (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-06-28 | Elkem Materials | Carbon based raw material, method of producing said material and use thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH436235A (en) * | 1964-05-28 | 1967-05-31 | Scapozza Luigi | Process for the production of silicon or silicon-containing alloys, means for carrying out the same and application of the same |
| US3977892A (en) * | 1973-09-24 | 1976-08-31 | Clyde L. Miller | Agglomeration of finely divided particles |
| DE2401217A1 (en) * | 1974-01-11 | 1975-07-17 | Heinz Hoelter | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERRUM SILICON AND / OR SILICON METAL |
| DE3009808C2 (en) * | 1980-03-14 | 1982-02-18 | Coc-Luxembourg S.A., Luxembourg | Process for the production of raw material blanks containing silicon and carbon and the use of the raw material blanks |
| US4309216A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1982-01-05 | Union Carbide Corporation | Low density compacts of prepared mix for use in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon |
| DE3541125A1 (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-11-27 | International Minerals & Chemical Corp., Northbrook, Ill. | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SILICON OR FERROSILICIUM IN AN ELECTRONIC SHELL OVEN AND FOR THE METHOD SUITABLE RAW MATERIALS |
| DE3724541A1 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-02 | Applied Ind Materials | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RAW MATERIAL BRIQUETTES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SILICON OR SILICON CARBIDE OR FERROSILICIUM |
-
1991
- 1991-10-23 CN CN91111126A patent/CN1061991A/en active Pending
- 1991-10-23 IT ITMI912811A patent/IT1251417B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-10-23 FR FR9113090A patent/FR2668161A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-10-23 ZA ZA918453A patent/ZA918453B/en unknown
- 1991-10-23 WO PCT/AU1991/000489 patent/WO1992007048A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA918453B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
| IT1251417B (en) | 1995-05-09 |
| WO1992007048A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
| ITMI912811A0 (en) | 1991-10-23 |
| FR2668161A1 (en) | 1992-04-24 |
| ITMI912811A1 (en) | 1993-04-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |