CN106198401B - The polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube - Google Patents
The polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN106198401B CN106198401B CN201610554778.6A CN201610554778A CN106198401B CN 106198401 B CN106198401 B CN 106198401B CN 201610554778 A CN201610554778 A CN 201610554778A CN 106198401 B CN106198401 B CN 106198401B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
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Abstract
The polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube, it is characterized by: it includes light source (1), achromatic condenser (2) are installed in the injection optical path of the light source (1), light injects polarizer (3) after achromatic condenser (2) are emitted, sample cell (4) is on the emitting light path of polarizer (3), the incidence end of sample cell (4) is equipped with interferometric filter (5), light is by injecting analyzing mirror assembly (6) after the sample in sample cell (4), photomultiplier transit tube assembly (7) is on the emitting light path of analyzing mirror assembly (6)；A kind of polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube provided by the invention, is detected using photomultiplier tube, realizes the miniaturization of polarimeter, and keep apparatus structure simple, and reliability improves, and cost reduces.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to species analysis Instrument technology fields, be specifically exactly be related to it is a kind of based on photomultiplier tube can not
Draw the polarimeter of modulator.
Background technique
Polarimeter is the instrument for measuring substance optical activity, by the measurement of optical activity, can analyze determining substance concentration,
Content and purity etc..It is widely used in the industrial departments such as sugaring, pharmacy, petroleum, food, chemical industry and in relation to institution of higher learning and scientific research
Unit.
With the development of industry, more and more industries also need to detect their respective products with polarimeter, currently, city
Automatic polarimeter present on is mostly using sine mechanism or turbine and worm；Servo motor or stepper motor, high-precision phase
Pair or the principle that combines of absolute angle encoder, Faraday modulation device and photomultiplier tube, to keep polarizer and analyzer
It is orthogonal always, realize the measurement of optical activity.Existing polarimeter using Faraday modulation device due to needing high current to pass through fever
Amount is big, causes machine internal temperature rise, will affect the temperature of sample, to reduce measurement accuracy, and increases equipment instrument and again
Amount keeps instrument huger.
Summary of the invention
It is excessively high due to being easy to produce temperature rise using Faraday modulation device that the purpose of the present invention is to existing polarimeters
The technological deficiency for causing measurement accuracy to reduce, provides a kind of polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube, adopts
Photoelectric multiplier tube detection, realizes the miniaturization of polarimeter, and keep apparatus structure simple, and reliability improves, and cost reduces.
Technical solution
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention devises the optically-active without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube
Instrument, it is characterised in that: it includes light source, is equipped with achromatic condenser in the injection optical path of the light source, light is through colour killing
Polarizer is injected after poor collector lens outgoing, on the emitting light path of polarizer, the incidence end of sample cell is equipped with sample cell
Interferometric filter, light are mounted in analyzing microscope group by injecting analyzing mirror assembly, photomultiplier transit tube assembly after the sample in sample cell
On the emitting light path of part；
Sheet glass is housed, sheet glass make-up is pasted with to be mutually perpendicular to polarization direction in the light admission port of the analyzing mirror assembly
At least two panels polarizing film.
Further, the light source is at least double light sources, including LED1 and LED2, and the driving voltage of the two is identical but phase shift is
180 °, mains frequency of the modulating frequency far from 50HZ, double light source leds 1 and LED2 are corresponding one by one with polarizing film respectively.
Further, the glass sheet thickness is 1~4mm, and sheet glass is circle, and the diameter of circular glass piece is greater than analyzer
The light admission port bore of component, the polarizing film are square, and polarization leaf length is less than the light admission port bore of analyzing mirror assembly, are used up
Learn glue glued adhesion on the glass sheet.
Utilize the above-mentioned polarimeter application method without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube, which is characterized in that it
Including the following steps:
(I) voice modulation incident light is used, guarantees that it, far from power frequency, takes the modulation frequency of f=600Hz, LED1 and LED2 lamp
180 ° of rate phase difference, incident intensity mathematic(al) representation is respectively as follows:
ILED1=I0+I sin 2πft；
ILED2=I0-I sin 2πft；
(II) when no sample, when determining that two polarizing films keep 45 degree of angles with polarizer respectively on analyzer, instrument detection spirit
Sensitivity highest；
(III) demodulation for using lock-in amplifier that photomultiplier tube is made to receive optical signal, it may be assumed that
The polarised light that LED1 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzing mirror assembly:
The polarised light that LED2 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
Then obtain the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of photomultiplier tube are as follows: Iout=Iout1+Iout2；
Work as θ1When=0, i.e., when not putting object being measured, Iout=Iout1+Iout2Equal to constant, without AC signal, lock
The output voltage of phase amplifier is zero；
Work as θ1When not equal to 0, that is, when putting object being measured, Iout=Iout1+Iout2Have an AC signal, lock-in amplifier it is defeated
Voltage is not zero out；
(IV) sample is placed in sample cell, the polarization direction of polarised light can deviate the angular bisector θ of two polarizing films1, then:
The polarised light that LED1 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzing mirror assembly:
The polarised light that LED2 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
Obtain photomultiplier tube signal are as follows: Iout=Iout1+Iout2, the output voltage of lock-in amplifier is not zero, Neng Goujian
It surveys；
(V) rotation analyzer turns over θ1, make IoutIn AC signal disappear, the output voltage of lock-in amplifier is zero.This
When the angle, θ that turns over of analyzer1It is exactly the angle of rotation of testee；
Wherein:
F- the incident beam modulated frequency；
I- incident intensity amplitude；
I0Incident intensity constant term；
ILED1The output signal of light source led 1；
ILED2The output signal of light source led 2；
Iout1The signal that light source led 1 generates on photomultiplier tube；
Iout2The signal that light source led 2 generates on photomultiplier tube；
IoutThe resultant signal that light source led 1 and LED2 are generated on photomultiplier tube；
Deviate the angle of analyzer polarization vertical direction in θ-polarised light polarization direction；
θ1The angle of rotation of testee；
The t- time.
Further, when determining that two polarizing films keep 45 degree of angles with polarizer respectively on analyzer in the step (II), instrument
The highest process of device detection sensitivity is:
(a) confirmation polarised light passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
(b) differential: dI=I is carried out to above formula0Sin (2 θ) d θ, when θ=45 °, dI/d θ=I0, i.e. signal detection at this time
Sensitivity highest.
Beneficial effect
A kind of polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube provided by the invention, using photomultiplier tube
Detection, realizes the miniaturization of polarimeter, and keep apparatus structure simple, and reliability improves, and cost reduces.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the automatic polarimeter in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 1, the polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube, it includes light source 1, the light
Source 1 is at least double light sources, including LED1 and LED2, and the driving voltage of the two is identical but phase shift is 180 °, and modulating frequency is separate
The mains frequency of 50HZ, double light source leds 1 and LED2 are corresponding one by one with polarizing film respectively, pacify in the injection optical path of the light source 1
Equipped with achromatic condenser 2, light injects polarizer 3 after the outgoing of achromatic condenser 2, and sample cell 4 is mounted in polarizer 3
Emitting light path on, the incidence end of sample cell 4 is equipped with interferometric filter 5, and light is by injecting inspection after the sample in sample cell 4
Polariscope component 6, photomultiplier transit tube assembly 7 is on the emitting light path of analyzing mirror assembly 6；
Sheet glass 8 is housed, the make-up of sheet glass 8 is pasted with mutual with polarization direction in the light admission port of the analyzing mirror assembly 6
Vertical at least two panels polarizing film.
For the sheet glass 8 with a thickness of 1~4mm, sheet glass 8 is circle, and the diameter of circular glass piece 8 is greater than analyzing mirror assembly
6 light admission port bore, the polarizing film are square, and polarization leaf length is less than the light admission port bore of analyzing mirror assembly 6, use optics
Glue glued adhesion is on sheet glass 8.
The above-mentioned polarimeter application method without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube, which is characterized in that it includes
Following steps:
The first step guarantees that it, far from power frequency, takes the tune of f=600Hz, LED1 and LED2 lamp using voice modulation incident light
Poor 180 ° of frequency plot processed, incident intensity mathematic(al) representation is respectively as follows:
ILED1=I0+I sin 2πft；
ILED2=I0-I sin 2πft；
Second step, when no sample, when determining that two polarizing films keep 45 degree angles with polarizer respectively on analyzer, instrument is detected
Sensitivity highest, detailed process are:
(a) confirmation polarised light passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
(b) differential: dI=I is carried out to above formula0Sin (2 θ) d θ, when θ=45 °, dI/d θ=I0, i.e. signal detection at this time
Sensitivity highest.
Third step makes photomultiplier tube receive the demodulation of optical signal using lock-in amplifier, it may be assumed that
The polarised light that LED1 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzing mirror assembly:
The polarised light that LED2 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
Then obtain the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of photomultiplier tube are as follows: Iout=Iout1+Iout2；
Work as θ1When=0, i.e., when not putting object being measured, Iout=Iout1+Iout2Equal to constant, without AC signal, lock
The output voltage of phase amplifier is zero；
Work as θ1When not equal to 0, that is, when putting object being measured, Iout=Iout1+Iout2Have an AC signal, lock-in amplifier it is defeated
Voltage is not zero out；
4th step, sample is placed in sample cell, and the polarization direction of polarised light can deviate the angular bisector θ of two polarizing films1,
Then:
The polarised light that LED1 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzing mirror assembly:
The polarised light that LED2 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
Obtain photomultiplier tube signal are as follows: Iout=Iout1+Iout2, the output voltage of lock-in amplifier is not zero, Neng Goujian
It surveys；
5th step, rotation analyzer turn over θ1, make IoutIn AC signal disappear, the output voltage of lock-in amplifier is
Zero.The angle, θ that analyzer turns at this time1It is exactly the angle of rotation of testee；
Wherein:
F- the incident beam modulated frequency；
I- incident intensity amplitude；
I0Incident intensity constant term；
ILED1The output signal of light source led 1；
ILED2The output signal of light source led 2；
Iout1The signal that light source led 1 generates on photomultiplier tube；
Iout2The signal that light source led 2 generates on photomultiplier tube；
IoutThe resultant signal that light source led 1 and LED2 are generated on photomultiplier tube；
Deviate the angle of analyzer polarization vertical direction in θ-polarised light polarization direction；
θ1The angle of rotation of testee；
The t- time.
The working principle of the invention is the White LED light source module through voltage modulated, the light that LED1 and LED2 are simultaneously emitted by
Become the thin collimated light beam of two beams through achromatic condenser 2 and becomes the orthogonal linearly polarized light in polarization direction through polarizer 3, then
After interferometric filter 5 becomes to need the homogeneous beam of wavelength, by sample cell 4, a branch of polarization is obtained by analyzing mirror assembly 6
Light is finally radiated in photomultiplier transit tube assembly 7, obtains a light intensity signal by ARM controller control photoelectricity acquisition system,
And it demodulates and obtains signal Iout, by analyzing signal IoutIt is no AC signal, to determine the orthogonal of polarizer and analyzer, this
When obtain zero point.When loading testee 10, the polarised light to be rotated by a certain angle, by analyzing mirror assembly 6 in sample cell 4
A branch of polarised light is obtained, is finally radiated in photomultiplier transit tube assembly 7, obtains one by ARM controller control photoelectricity acquisition system
A light intensity signal, and demodulate and obtain signal Iout, by analyzing signal IoutThe rotation angle of polarizer is controlled, until IoutIn
When without AC signal, the angle that polarizer turns over just is the angle of rotation of testee.
Claims (4)
1. the polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube, it is characterised in that: it includes light source (1), the light
It is equipped in the injection optical path in source (1) achromatic condenser (2), light is injected after achromatic condenser (2) are emitted
Polariscope (3), for sample cell (4) on the emitting light path of polarizer (3), the incidence end of sample cell (4) is equipped with interferometric filter
(5), for light by injecting analyzing mirror assembly (6) after the sample in sample cell (4), photomultiplier transit tube assembly (7) is mounted in analyzer
On the emitting light path of component (6)；
Sheet glass (8) are housed in the light admission port of the analyzing mirror assembly (6), sheet glass (8) make-up is pasted with and polarization direction phase
Mutually vertical at least two panels polarizing film；
The light source (1) is at least double light sources, including LED1 and LED2, and the driving voltage of the two is identical but phase shift is 180 °,
Mains frequency of the modulating frequency far from 50Hz, double light source leds 1 and LED2 are corresponding one by one with polarizing film respectively.
2. the polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
For sheet glass (8) with a thickness of 1~4mm, sheet glass (8) is circle, and the diameter of circular glass piece (8) is greater than analyzing mirror assembly (6)
Light admission port bore, the polarizing film are square, and polarization leaf length is less than the light admission port bore of analyzing mirror assembly (6), use optics
Glue glued adhesion is on sheet glass (8).
3. using the polarimeter application method without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube described in the claims 1,
It is characterized in that it including the following steps:
(I) voice modulation incident light is used, guarantees that it, far from power frequency, takes the modulating frequency phase of f=600Hz, LED1 and LED2 lamp
180 ° of potential difference, incident intensity mathematic(al) representation is respectively as follows:
ILED1=I0+Isin2πft；
ILED2=I0-Isin2πft；
(II) when no sample, when determining that two polarizing films keep 45 degree of angles with polarizer respectively on analyzer, instrument detection sensitivity
Highest；
(III) demodulation for using lock-in amplifier that photomultiplier tube is made to receive optical signal, it may be assumed that
The polarised light that LED1 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzing mirror assembly:
The polarised light that LED2 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
Then obtain the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of photomultiplier tube are as follows: Iout=Iout1+Iout2；
Work as θ1When=0, i.e., when not putting object being measured, Iout=Iout1+Iout2Equal to constant, without AC signal, locking phase is put
The output voltage of big device is zero；
Work as θ1When not equal to 0, that is, when putting object being measured, Iout=Iout1+Iout2There are AC signal, the output electricity of lock-in amplifier
Pressure is not zero；
(IV) sample is placed in sample cell, the polarization direction of polarised light can deviate the angular bisector θ of two polarizing films1, then:
The polarised light that LED1 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzing mirror assembly:
The polarised light that LED2 is issued passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
Obtain photomultiplier tube signal are as follows: Iout=Iout1+Iout2, the output voltage of lock-in amplifier is not zero, is able to detect；
(V) rotation analyzer turns over θ1, make IoutIn AC signal disappear, the output voltage of lock-in amplifier is zero, is examined at this time
The angle, θ that inclined device turns over1It is exactly the angle of rotation of testee；
Wherein:
F- the incident beam modulated frequency；
I- incident intensity amplitude；
I0Incident intensity constant term；
ILED1The output signal of light source led 1；
ILED2The output signal of light source led 2；
Iout1The signal that light source led 1 generates on photomultiplier tube；
Iout2The signal that light source led 2 generates on photomultiplier tube；
IoutThe resultant signal that light source led 1 and LED2 are generated on photomultiplier tube；
Deviate the angle of analyzer polarization vertical direction in θ-polarised light polarization direction；
θ1The angle of rotation of testee；
The t- time.
4. the application method of the polarimeter without faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier tube as claimed in claim 3, special
Sign is: when determining that two polarizing films keep 45 degree of angles with polarizer respectively on analyzer in the step (II), instrument detection spirit
The highest process of sensitivity is:
(a) confirmation polarised light passes through the optical signal mathematic(al) representation of analyzer:
(b) differential: dI=I is carried out to above formula0Sin (2 θ) d θ, when θ=45 °, dI/d θ=I0, i.e., signal detection is sensitive at this time
Spend highest.
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| CN106198401B true CN106198401B (en) | 2019-02-15 |
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| CN113702394A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-11-26 | 沂普光电(天津)有限公司 | Light path structure for detecting surface defects of object |
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| US4589776A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1986-05-20 | Chiratech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring optical properties of materials |
| CN2525509Y (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-12-11 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 | Near infrared polarimeters |
| EP1668346B1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2008-09-03 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy | Method for calibrating a polarisation fluorometer |
| CN202033279U (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-11-09 | 上海仪迈仪器科技有限公司 | Polarimeter realizing quick measurement by utilizing stepping motor |
| CN203882511U (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-10-15 | 河南工业大学 | Polarimeter teaching model |
| CN206095921U (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-04-12 | 上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司 | Polarimeter optical system of no faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier |
-
2016
- 2016-07-14 CN CN201610554778.6A patent/CN106198401B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4589776A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1986-05-20 | Chiratech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring optical properties of materials |
| CN2525509Y (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-12-11 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 | Near infrared polarimeters |
| EP1668346B1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2008-09-03 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy | Method for calibrating a polarisation fluorometer |
| CN202033279U (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-11-09 | 上海仪迈仪器科技有限公司 | Polarimeter realizing quick measurement by utilizing stepping motor |
| CN203882511U (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-10-15 | 河南工业大学 | Polarimeter teaching model |
| CN206095921U (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-04-12 | 上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司 | Polarimeter optical system of no faraday's modulator based on photomultiplier |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 基于旋光色散效应的波长检测及其应用研究;张昕明;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》;20101015(第10期);第3章 |
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