CN106194043B - One kind being based on capacity coupled intelligent drilling rod system - Google Patents
One kind being based on capacity coupled intelligent drilling rod system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106194043B CN106194043B CN201610703120.7A CN201610703120A CN106194043B CN 106194043 B CN106194043 B CN 106194043B CN 201610703120 A CN201610703120 A CN 201610703120A CN 106194043 B CN106194043 B CN 106194043B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides one kind being based on capacity coupled intelligent drilling rod system, the intelligent drilling rod system includes front end signal collector, adjuster, relay, signal receiver, drilling rod unit and connector, and the cable transmitted for signal is arranged inside the drilling rod unit；The end that the intelligent drilling rod system adjacent drill pipes unit mutually abuts is built in the connector, and there are gaps between the end that the adjacent drill pipes unit mutually abuts；The end set annular slice structure that the adjacent drill pipes unit mutually abuts, annular slice structure end face form a capacitor plate, and the capacitor plate mutually abutted forms plates capacitance；The cable and the capacitor plate of end face overlap inside each drilling rod unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring and control, in particular to an intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling.
Background
During oil exploitation, whether the well drilling is prevented from being inclined and beaten quickly or the well drilling process of a directional well and a horizontal well, the well drilling state and the stratum information in a hole need to be known in time. The measurement while drilling system can automatically and continuously measure relevant parameters near the well bottom in the drilling process and transmit the parameters to the ground, and the parameters are displayed, stored, processed and printed in real time by a computer, so that the system provides a basis for the next construction design, and is an essential tool for continuously monitoring the drilling track and timely correcting the deviation. The measurement while drilling system is divided into wired and wireless, and the cable of the wired measurement system often influences the normal drilling process, so the wireless measurement while drilling system is the current development direction. The commonly used wireless transmission comprises a mud pulse and electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling system, wherein the mud pulse transmission mode mainly depends on the pressure change of mud to form pressure pulse to realize signal transmission. In the 90 s of the 20 th century, some foreign scholars began to study the electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling system and achieved certain results, and the research in the electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling system in China was relatively early, but the research did not make substantial progress until recently. So far, electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling systems have been developed in China, but most of the systems are in one-way signal transmission and need very large transmitting power, meanwhile, the systems are seriously influenced by stratum parameters, and when rainfall and the like cause the stratum parameters to change, the system performance is seriously tested.
In view of the fact that the drill pipe provides a good wiring space for wired connection, an intelligent drill pipe technology for information transmission using the drill pipe is being widely researched. The research of the existing intelligent drill rod is that a coil is arranged at the position of a drill rod connector, and signal transmission is realized through the mutual inductance between the coils. Meanwhile, due to the influence of mud and drilling fluid inside the drill rod, the attenuation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves is seriously aggravated, the coupling coefficient between coils is reduced, and long-distance transmission cannot be realized. In addition, most of the existing research models directly ignore the internal resistance of the transmission line, but the internal resistance of the transmission line cannot be ignored in the transmission process of thousands of meters.
Therefore, there is a need for an intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling that can effectively prevent the loss of coupling coefficient between coils due to attenuation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which would make long-distance transmission impossible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling, which comprises a front-end signal collector, a regulator, a relay, a signal receiver, a drill rod unit and a joint, wherein a cable for signal transmission is arranged in the drill rod unit;
the end parts, abutted against each other, of adjacent drill rod units of the intelligent drill rod system are arranged in the joint, and a gap is reserved between the abutted end parts of the adjacent drill rod units;
the end parts of the adjacent drill rod units, which are mutually abutted, are provided with annular sheet structures, the end surfaces of the annular sheet structures form a capacitor plate, and the capacitor plates, which are mutually abutted, form a plate capacitor; and the cable in each drill rod unit is in lap joint with the capacitor plate on the end face.
Preferably, a hole is formed in the middle of the annular sheet structure and used for flowing of liquid inside the drill rod unit.
Preferably, the annular sheet structure is made of an insulating material.
Preferably, the relay is arranged on the drill rod unit, and is used for increasing inductance for the drill rod unit; the relay and the polar plate capacitor form an LC series circuit.
Preferably, a leakage capacitor is arranged between the internal connecting line of the drill rod unit and the metal outer wall of the drill rod unit.
Preferably, a terminal matching impedance is arranged at the receiving end of the intelligent drill rod system.
Preferably, the cable for signal transmission is an armored cable.
According to the intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling, the polar plate capacitor is formed between the end parts of the drill rod units, the polar plate capacitor and the relay arranged in the drill rod units form an LC series circuit, and the problem that the coupling coefficient between coils is reduced due to attenuation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, so that long-distance transmission cannot be achieved is effectively prevented in the information transmission process.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a smart drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the internal structure of the joint of the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a smart drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows attenuation coefficients at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of an intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows propagation constants at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of an intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates group velocities at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of an intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows terminal matching resistances at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of an intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 shows the terminal matching inductance at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The objects and functions of the present invention and methods for accomplishing the same will be apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The nature of the description is merely to assist those skilled in the relevant art in a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.
The present embodiment specifically describes an intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling and a process for implementing remote signal transmission.
As shown in fig. 1, a block diagram 100 of the present invention based on a capacitively coupled intelligent drill pipe system comprising a front end signal collector 103, a regulator 104, a relay 105, a signal receiver 106, drill pipe units 101 and joints 102, in some embodiments the number of drill pipe units 101 is determined by the distance between specific signal transmissions. Further, the intelligent drill rod system of the present invention may have drill rod numbers much greater than 20 drill rod units. As shown in fig. 2, in the internal structure diagram 200 of the joint 102 of the intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling of the present invention, a cable 203 for signal transmission is arranged inside the drill rod unit, the cable is an armored cable, which can well prevent the cable from being damaged in the use and installation process, and the cable is arranged between the inner cavity of the drill rod unit and the liquid circulation channel.
The end parts of the adjacent drill rod units of the intelligent drill rod system, which are mutually abutted, are arranged in the joint, and a gap is reserved between the end parts of the adjacent drill rod units, which are mutually abutted.
The end parts of adjacent drill rod units abutting against each other are provided with annular sheet structures 201, the annular sheet structures 201 are made of insulating materials, the insulating materials can be organic insulating materials or inorganic insulating materials, and the selection of the insulating materials is not particularly limited by the invention and can be all insulating materials which are thought by a person skilled in the art. The middle of the annular sheet structure is provided with a hole which is used for the flow of liquid in the internal flow channel 204 of the drill rod unit.
The end face of the annular sheet structure forms a capacitor plate 202, and in this embodiment, a thin metal sheet is used as the capacitor plate material, and likewise, the invention is not limited to the selection of the capacitor plate material. The capacitor plates abutted against each other form a plate capacitor, and the cable 203 inside each drill rod unit is lapped with the capacitor plate 202 on the end face (for example, the cable and the capacitor plate are connected in a welding manner).
The relay is arranged on the drill rod unit, an inductor is added to the drill rod unit, the relay and the polar plate capacitor form an LC series circuit, and a leakage capacitor is arranged between an internal connecting line of the drill rod unit and the metal outer wall of the drill rod unit.
In some embodiments, each drill pipe unit forms an LC series circuit during operation, the downhole state and the bottom information detected by the front end signal collector are transmitted forwards through the cable, signals are transmitted to the next LC series circuit in the LC series circuit formed by each drill pipe until the signals are transmitted to the signal receiver at the receiving end of the system, and the surface staff judge the downhole state and the bottom information according to the received signals. In other embodiments, the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling may also be used for monitoring urban underground pipelines, pipeline leakage monitoring and oil and gas pipelines, and it should be understood that the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling is not limited to the above monitoring range.
Hereinafter, the process of implementing remote signal transmission by the intelligent drill rod system provided by the invention is specifically described in combination with the embodiments.
For more clear illustration, the present embodiment shows an equivalent circuit model of the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, an equivalent circuit diagram of the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to the present invention, and the excitation signal voltage V collected by the front end signal collector0The signal is transmitted to a system receiving end through a plurality of drill rods (in the embodiment, the number of the drill rods is n), and the signal voltage V is received by a signal receivern。
Taking each drill rod unit as an example, the plate capacitor of the drill rod unit is represented by C, the relay inductor is represented by L, and the cable resistance in the drill rod unit is represented by R0C for indicating leakage capacitance between the internal connection line of the drill rod unit and the metal wall of the drill rod unit0Denotes, in equivalent circuit, V0Representing the stimulus signal voltage. In this embodiment, the intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling sets a terminal matching resistor at the end of the transmission unit to prevent signal reflection caused by truncation of the transmission unit, and the terminal matching impedance in the equivalent circuit is represented by Z.
Excitation signal voltage V given to first-stage drill rod unit of intelligent drill rod system0Generating a voltage V at the end of the first stage drill pipe unit loop1In the loop, a current I is generated0The second-stage drill rod unit of the intelligent drill rod system generates an initial voltage V1In the loop, a current I is generated1. The forward and backward voltages of the first-stage drill rod unit and the second-stage drill rod unit generate a recursive relationshipCurrent generation recurrence relation I1＝I0-jωC0V1。
Similarly, a recursive relationship is generated between the n-1 th stage drill rod unit and the drill rod unit front and back of the nth stage drill rod unitCurrent generation recurrence relation In＝In-1-jωC0Vn。
In the embodiment, the voltage recurrence relation among the n stages of drill rod units is collated to obtain a voltage transmission general formula:
bandwidth of intelligent drill pipe system
In the implementation, different parameters of the drill rod unit are selected to determine the upper and lower bound characteristic frequencies of the bandwidth of the intelligent drill rod system, wherein C is selected0＝153pF，C＝0.067nF，L＝1000uH，R00.17 Ω. In other embodiments, the selection of the drill pipe unit parameters is determined by the actual conditions of the operation in the field, and the drill pipe unit parameters selected in this embodiment should be considered as exemplary.
The transmission equation of the intelligent drill rod system based on the capacitive coupling is as follows:
vn＝v0e-jknde-nαd，n＝1,2,3.... (2)
in the formula (2), n is the drill rod unit number, k is the system propagation constant, and α is the attenuation coefficient, in this embodiment, the length of the drill rod unit is selected to be d equal to 10m, and the attenuation during the transmission of the system is not considered (in the following embodiment, the attenuation coefficient of the smart drill rod system based on capacitive coupling of the present invention will be explained in detail).
Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) yields:the real parts of the complex numbers are equal by means of the Euler formula:because cos (kd) is more than or equal to-1 and less than or equal to 1, the range of the effective communication frequency of the intelligent drill rod system is obtained as follows:
example selection C of this embodiment0＝153pF，C＝0.067nF，L＝1000uH，R0And (5) obtaining the upper and lower boundary characteristic frequency of the bandwidth frequency of the intelligent drill rod system, wherein the upper boundary characteristic frequency of the system bandwidth is obtainedCharacteristic frequency of lower boundary of system bandwidthIn the embodiment, the long-distance signal transmission is realized by using the lower communication frequency of the intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling.
Attenuation coefficient of intelligent drill rod system
Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) yields the equation:
(ejkdeαd)2-Xejkdeαd+1＝0 (3)
wherein,solving equation (3) yields:
obtaining X according to the equality of the real part and the imaginary part of the two complex numbers24 is less than or equal to 0, left side e of formula (4) in the examplesjkdIs 1, (4) type right sideThe mode of the intelligent drill rod system is 1, so that the attenuation coefficient α of the intelligent drill rod system under different communication frequencies is solved, as shown in fig. 4, the attenuation coefficient in the effective bandwidth of the intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling is provided in the embodiment of the invention, the attenuation coefficient is very small and the attenuation characteristics of different frequencies are balanced in the middle part of the effective bandwidth range of the intelligent drill rod system, and the attenuation coefficient is increased sharply when the frequency is close to the upper and lower limits of the bandwidth.
As shown in FIG. 5, the embodiment of the invention is based on the propagation constants at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the capacitive coupling intelligent drill rod system, and the propagation constants at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the intelligent drill rod system increase along with the increase of the frequency. In some embodiments, the particular frequency and attenuation coefficient may determine the unique propagation knowledge.
Group velocity of intelligent drill rod system
According to group velocity definitionIn this embodiment, the group velocity of the intelligent drill pipe system is set byAnd (3) obtaining the group velocity of the intelligent drill rod system of the embodiment of the invention by carrying out equal k derivation:
as shown in fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention is based on group velocities at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the capacitive coupling smart drill pipe system. In the middle of the effective bandwidth, the group velocity gradually decreases as the frequency moves towards the upper and lower boundaries of the bandwidth. In this embodiment, the group velocity control of the intelligent drill rod system realizes remote transmission of signals within a bandwidth, and preferably, the group velocity at a frequency ω of 5MHz may be selected. In some embodiments, the corresponding group velocities at different frequencies within the effective bandwidth range may be selected. In other embodiments, the communication system bandwidth may also be selected appropriately to keep the group velocity within the effective bandwidth.
Intelligent drill rod system terminal matching
In the embodiment of the invention, terminal matching is carried out at the tail end of the intelligent drill rod system, the terminal matching impedance is expressed by Z, and the terminal matching impedance is obtained according to the kirchhoff current law:
v is obtained by the transmission equation (2) of the intelligent drill rod system in the embodiment of the inventionn-1＝VnejkdInto equation (5), wherein the resistance R is set0With 0 and attenuation α with 0, the termination matching impedance of an embodiment of the invention is obtained:
the above-mentioned terminal matching impedance is realized by connecting a resistor and an inductor in series, i.e. Z ═ Rm+jωLmWherein R ismTo match the resistance, LmTo match the inductance. In the embodiment, terminal matching is carried out at the tail end of the intelligent drill rod system, so that the situation that signals are transmitted to the tail end of the intelligent drill rod and are reflected due to the cutting of the drill rod unit is avoided.
As shown in fig. 7, the group terminal matching resistance of the intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling under different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the system is shown; FIG. 8 shows the group terminal matching inductance at different communication frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the smart drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling according to the present invention. Specifically, the required terminal matching resistance and matching inductance are different at different frequencies within the effective bandwidth of the intelligent drill pipe system.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the required matching resistance corresponding to the center frequency of the bandwidth can be selected to be 1.27K Ω, and the matching inductance can be selected to be 200 uH.
The intelligent drill pipe system based on capacitive coupling can be applied to underground detection of oil exploitation in some embodiments and can be applied to underground detection of urban pipelines in other embodiments.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent drill rod system based on capacitive coupling, which comprises a front end signal collector, a regulator, a relay, a signal receiver, a drill rod unit and a joint, and is characterized in that a cable for signal transmission is arranged in the drill rod unit;
the end parts, abutted against each other, of adjacent drill rod units of the intelligent drill rod system are arranged in the joint, and a gap is reserved between the abutted end parts of the adjacent drill rod units;
the end parts of the adjacent drill rod units, which are mutually abutted, are provided with annular sheet structures, the end surfaces of the annular sheet structures form a capacitor plate, and the capacitor plates, which are mutually abutted, form a plate capacitor; and the cable in each drill rod unit is in lap joint with the capacitor plate on the end face.
2. The intelligent drill rod system as recited in claim 1, wherein a hole is formed in the middle of the annular sheet structure, and the hole is used for flowing liquid inside the drill rod unit.
3. The intelligent drill rod system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the annular sheet structure is made of an insulating material.
4. The intelligent drill rod system of claim 1, wherein the relay is disposed on the drill rod unit to add inductance to the drill rod unit; the relay and the polar plate capacitor form an LC series circuit.
5. The intelligent drill pipe system according to claim 1, wherein a leakage capacitance is provided between the internal connection line of the drill pipe unit and the metal outer wall of the drill pipe unit.
6. The intelligent drill rod system as recited in claim 1, wherein a termination matching impedance is provided at the receiving end of the intelligent drill rod system.
7. The intelligent drill pipe system of claim 1, wherein the cable for signal transmission is an armored cable.
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| CN201610703120.7A CN106194043B (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2016-08-22 | One kind being based on capacity coupled intelligent drilling rod system |
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| CN201610703120.7A CN106194043B (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2016-08-22 | One kind being based on capacity coupled intelligent drilling rod system |
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| CN106194043B true CN106194043B (en) | 2018-07-24 |
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| CN106499386B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-12-24 | 北京科技大学 | Near-bit well logging system and method based on coupling communication |
| CN109488288B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-06-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Intelligent drill rod electromagnetic parameter design method for measurement while drilling data transmission |
| CN110578514A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-17 | 高九华 | Directional construction track measuring and correcting device for rotary drill rod |
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| CN201247521Y (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2009-05-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Device for coupling arced non-contact signal |
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| CN203756158U (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-08-06 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Double-flow drill rod signal transmission system |
| CN203925484U (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-11-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of novel well logging during data transmission system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9000941B2 (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2015-04-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Alternating frequency time domain approach to calculate the forced response of drill strings |
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| WO1996023368A1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Tsl Technology Ltd. | Method and apparatus for communicating by means of an electrical power cable |
| CN101525997A (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole signal transmitting device for electromagnetic measurement while drilling system and transmitting method thereof |
| CN201247521Y (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2009-05-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Device for coupling arced non-contact signal |
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