CN106190437A - A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil - Google Patents
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106190437A CN106190437A CN201610500579.7A CN201610500579A CN106190437A CN 106190437 A CN106190437 A CN 106190437A CN 201610500579 A CN201610500579 A CN 201610500579A CN 106190437 A CN106190437 A CN 106190437A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- oil
- sulfuration
- automobile gearbox
- gear oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, belong to gear oil technical field.The gear oil of the present invention includes following raw materials by weight: base oil 30 50 parts, thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 5 26 parts, double (3,5 three grades of butyl 4 hydroxy phenyls) thioether 3 15 parts, chlorinated paraffin 6 10 parts, sulfide isobutene 3 16 parts, nonionic surfactant 2 10 parts, poloxalkol 1 15 parts, matal deactivator 2 15 parts, hindered amine as light stabilizer 2 20 parts, oiliness antirust agent 5 12 parts, sulfuration arctic sperm oil 18 parts, sulfuration oleic acid 19 parts.The invention provides a kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, combination property is more applicable for automobile gearbox.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gear oil, it is more particularly related to a kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, belong to
Gear oil technical field.
Background technology
Gear oil is based on petroleum oil base oil or synthetic lubricant fluid, addition extreme pressure anti-wear additives and oiliness improver modulation
A kind of important lubricating oil become.For various gear drives, with prevent tooth surface abrasion, abrade, sintering etc., extend it and make
With the life-span, improve transmission power efficiency.Gear oil should have good wear-resistant, load resistance performance and suitable viscosity.Additionally, also
Should have good thermal oxidation stability, anti-foaming property, water separable performance energy and rustless property.
State Intellectual Property Office discloses Publication No. CN105567401A in 2016.5.11, and entitled " one is taken out
Oil machine reduction box dedicated gear oil " invention, a kind of oil pumping unit reduction gearbox dedicated gear of this disclosure of the invention oil, the matter of its raw material
Amount part proportioning is for being in harmonious proportion base oil, cyclopentadienyl polyisobutylene, metallocene polyalphaolefin 150, polymethacrylates, extreme pressure anti-wear additives, clear
Net agent, dispersant, BTA, defoamer, anti emulsifier T1001 form, and are wherein in harmonious proportion base oil by paraffin base oil
600SN, oil residues 150BS, hydrofined oil 250N form, and extreme pressure anti-wear additives is D2EHDTPA amine salt and double octyl group dithio phosphorus
Acid zinc and/or the mixture of oil-soluble molybdenum.Speed reduction gear box of the present invention oil is superior to work in terms of physical and chemical index and serviceability
Industry enclosed gear oil, has good extreme pressure and antiwear behavior, thermal oxidation stability, corrosion resistance and demulsification performance, full
The use requirement of foot oil pumping in oil fields machine oil.
Above-mentioned existing gear oil has good extreme pressure and antiwear behavior, thermal oxidation stability, corrosion resistance and resists
Emulsifiability, and add defoamer, but the gear being not particularly suited in automobile gearbox.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that the problem that prior art middle gear oil is not suitable for automobile gearbox, it is provided that a kind of automobile becomes
Speed case gear oil, combination property is more applicable for automobile gearbox.
In order to realize foregoing invention content, its concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, it is characterised in that: include following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 30-50 part
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 5-26 part
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 3-15 part
Chlorinated paraffin 6-10 part
Sulfide isobutene 3-16 part
Nonionic surfactant 2-10 part
Pluronic F68 1-15 part
Matal deactivator 2-15 part
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 2-20 part
Oiliness antirust agent 5-12 part
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 1-8 part
Sulfuration oleic acid 1-9 part.
Preferably, a kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, it is characterised in that: include following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 32-48 part
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 7-18 part
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 5-12 part
Chlorinated paraffin 2-8 part
Sulfide isobutene 4-12 part
Nonionic surfactant 5-9 part
Pluronic F68 5-13 part
Matal deactivator 5-13 part
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 6-18 part
Oiliness antirust agent 8-10 part
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 2-6 part
Sulfuration oleic acid 2-8 part.
Preferably, a kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, it is characterised in that: include following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 33 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 15 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 10 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 4 parts
Sulfide isobutene 10 parts
Nonionic surfactant 7 parts
Pluronic F68 10 parts
Matal deactivator 10 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 9 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 9 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 3 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 6 parts.
The Advantageous Effects that the present invention brings:
The present invention solves the problem that prior art middle gear oil is not suitable for automobile gearbox.The invention provides a kind of automobile
Gearbox gear oil, combination property is more applicable for automobile gearbox.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 30 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 5 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 3 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 6 parts
Sulfide isobutene 3 parts
Nonionic surfactant 2 parts
Pluronic F68 1 part
Matal deactivator 2 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 2 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 5 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 1 part
Sulfuration oleic acid 1 part.
Embodiment 2
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 50 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 26 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 15 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 10 parts
Sulfide isobutene 16 parts
Nonionic surfactant 10 parts
Pluronic F68 15 parts
Matal deactivator 15 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 20 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 12 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 8 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 9 parts.
Embodiment 3
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 40 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 15.5 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 9 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 8 parts
Sulfide isobutene 9.5 parts
Nonionic surfactant 6 parts
Pluronic F68 8 parts
Matal deactivator 8.5 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 11 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 8.5 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 4.5 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 5 parts.
Embodiment 4
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 32 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 21 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 13 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 8.5 parts
Sulfide isobutene 5 parts
Nonionic surfactant 5 parts
Pluronic F68 5 parts
Matal deactivator 11 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 3 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 10 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 2 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 8 parts.
Embodiment 5
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 32 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 7 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 5 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 2 parts
Sulfide isobutene 4 parts
Nonionic surfactant 5 parts
Pluronic F68 5 parts
Matal deactivator 5 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 6 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 8 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 2 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 2 parts.
Embodiment 6
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 48 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 18 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 12 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 8 parts
Sulfide isobutene 12 parts
Nonionic surfactant 9 parts
Pluronic F68 13 parts
Matal deactivator 13 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 18 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 10 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 6 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 8 parts.
Embodiment 7
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 40 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 12.5 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 8.5 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 5 parts
Sulfide isobutene 8 parts
Nonionic surfactant 7 parts
Pluronic F68 9 parts
Matal deactivator 9 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 12 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 9 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 4 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 5 parts.
Embodiment 8
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil, including following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 35 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 12 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 11 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 7 parts
Sulfide isobutene 5 parts
Nonionic surfactant 8.5 parts
Pluronic F68 10 parts
Matal deactivator 6 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 7 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 8.5 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 5 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 5.5 parts.
Claims (3)
1. an automobile gearbox gear oil, it is characterised in that: include following raw materials by weight:
Base oil 30-50 part
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 5-26 part
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 3-15 part
Chlorinated paraffin 6-10 part
Sulfide isobutene 3-16 part
Nonionic surfactant 2-10 part
Pluronic F68 1-15 part
Matal deactivator 2-15 part
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 2-20 part
Oiliness antirust agent 5-12 part
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 1-8 part
Sulfuration oleic acid 1-9 part.
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: include following according to parts by weight
The raw material of meter:
Base oil 32-48 part
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 7-18 part
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 5-12 part
Chlorinated paraffin 2-8 part
Sulfide isobutene 4-12 part
Nonionic surfactant 5-9 part
Pluronic F68 5-13 part
Matal deactivator 5-13 part
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 6-18 part
Oiliness antirust agent 8-10 part
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 2-6 part
Sulfuration oleic acid 2-8 part.
A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: include following according to weight
The raw material of number meter:
Base oil 33 parts
Thio-2 acid dibasic acid esters 15 parts
Double (3,5-tri-grades of butyl-4-hydroxy phenyls) thioether 10 parts
Chlorinated paraffin 4 parts
Sulfide isobutene 10 parts
Nonionic surfactant 7 parts
Pluronic F68 10 parts
Matal deactivator 10 parts
Hindered amine as light stabilizer 9 parts
Oiliness antirust agent 9 parts
Sulfuration arctic sperm oil 3 parts
Sulfuration oleic acid 6 parts.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610500579.7A CN106190437A (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610500579.7A CN106190437A (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106190437A true CN106190437A (en) | 2016-12-07 |
Family
ID=57464276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610500579.7A Pending CN106190437A (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106190437A (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101287817A (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2008-10-15 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | Low molecular weight ethylene/alpha-olefin interpolymer as base lubricant oils |
CN102604729A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-25 | 石俊峰 | Lubricant composition used for gear of wind turbine |
US20150051124A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-02-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
CN105062628A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Gear oil |
-
2016
- 2016-06-30 CN CN201610500579.7A patent/CN106190437A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101287817A (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2008-10-15 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | Low molecular weight ethylene/alpha-olefin interpolymer as base lubricant oils |
CN102604729A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-25 | 石俊峰 | Lubricant composition used for gear of wind turbine |
US20150051124A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-02-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
CN105062628A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Gear oil |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
万枫林: "《石油商品的选择与应用》", 31 December 1987, 云南科技出版社 * |
中国大百科全书总编辑委员会《化学》编辑委员会: "《中国大百科全书 化学 Ⅰ》", 28 February 1989, 中国大百科全书出版社 * |
高建刚等: "《物理药剂学及应用》", 31 May 2014, 兰州大学出版社 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101747987B (en) | Water-based copper and aluminum wiredrawing oil composite and preparation method thereof | |
EP2537914B1 (en) | Lubricant composition for continuously variable transmission | |
JP6895863B2 (en) | Grease composition | |
US9719046B2 (en) | Lubricating grease composition | |
CN106221871B (en) | A kind of lubricant for gears | |
JP2007119680A (en) | Lubricant for metallic material processing | |
EP2535398A1 (en) | Lubricating oil composition | |
CN107987927B (en) | Steel wire rope oil composition | |
Puhan | Lubricant and lubricant additives | |
JP6674472B2 (en) | Grease composition | |
CN103687936B (en) | Gear lubricant | |
US9957458B2 (en) | Water based metal working fluid composition | |
CN105567378B (en) | A kind of Biodegradation Lubricating Oil | |
JP4473569B2 (en) | Lubricant composition for sewing machine | |
CN106190437A (en) | A kind of automobile gearbox gear oil | |
JP2006225597A (en) | Grease composition, bearing, and gear | |
JP2018065918A (en) | Lubricative antirust | |
CN104357182A (en) | Hydraulic oil combination and preparing method thereof | |
JP2019147903A (en) | Lubricant composition, machine equipped with lubricant composition and manufacturing method of lubricant composition | |
WO1996011245A1 (en) | Lubricating grease for open gears, cables, and other exposed metal surfaces | |
CN112795419B (en) | Lubricating oil and preparation method thereof | |
WO2021193504A1 (en) | Resin lubrication grease composition | |
CN106190453A (en) | A kind of anti-foaming gear oil | |
CN105861123A (en) | Gear oil composition and preparation method thereof | |
JP2018009119A (en) | Flame-retardant grease composition |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20161207 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |