Background technology
Biomass energy is a kind of preferably clean reproducible energy, has the feature such as carbon dioxide zero discharge, environmental protection,
Development and utilization biomass energy, to slowing down greenhouse effect, reduces atmospheric pollution, alleviates Pressure on Energy significant.Rice husk
The higher value application of these agricultural wastes is possible not only to solve the pollution problem of a large amount of agricultural wastes, it is also possible to create for society
Make more wealth, contribute to alleviating environmental problem and energy crisis.Rice husk is due to rich in natural undefined structure Si02, it is system
The standby current most widely used general inorganic nano material maximum with industrialization yield, the ideal material of Nano carbon white.
Rice husk is Si0 in all living species of nature2Content maximum, these Si02Mainly it is present in unformed shape
In rice husk or rice hull ash, can separate from rice husk or rice hull ash under conditions of more gentleness, be a kind of preferably silicon
Source, and when preparing silica-base material, energy consumption is low, cost is little, can prepare various Si02 series products, and such as white carbon, nanometer is white
White carbon black, aeroge, silica gel etc..Rice husk, due to the Si02 rich in unformed state, is to prepare the silicon such as white carbon, zeolite, molecular sieve
The ideal material of matter chemicals, the content of metallic compound therein and carbonaceousfuel component is then to restrict these siliceous chemicals performances
Principal element.As a example by rice husk base white carbon, in rice husk, the content of metal impurities and carbonaceousfuel component directly affects white carbon
The purity of product and serviceability thereof.Therefore, rice husk is carried out suitable pre-treatment, to improve rice husk activity, reduce in rice husk
The content of metal impurities or carbonaceousfuel component has very important effect to the utilization of composition siliceous in rice husk.Close melon rice at present
In shell, the extraction of Nano carbon white is still in the preliminary research stage, and existing technology or properties of product are single, and impurity content is high,
Or severe reaction conditions, it is difficult to control, energy expenditure is big, or particle diameter is relatively big, and dispersibility is very poor, prepares so limiting this
The large-scale application of technology.
Owing to Nano carbon white has greatly specific surface area and surface energy, owing to generally existing between particle in preparation process
Van der Waals force, Coulomb force even chemical bond, easily reunite so that powder particle can not be uniform with nanometer grade
And stable dispersion, when causing applying, due performance reduces or loses.Tradition rice husk base white carbon and the system of Nano carbon white
Preparation Method also exists that properties of product are single, product purity is low, particle diameter is thick, be prone to the problems such as reunion, especially product pellet
Reunite and scattering problem is the difficult point in current Nano carbon white applied research and focus.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved: for tradition rice husk base Nano carbon white at present, performance is single, purity
Low, particle diameter is thick, the drawback of easy reunion, it is provided that a kind of by rice husk warm water immersion, then pulverize after pickling, will obtain
Powdered rice hulls and microorganism mixed fermentation, through the method that high temperature pyrolysis prepares Nano carbon white.The present invention is gone by water logging, pickling
Except the metal impurities in rice husk, ash grade, improving Nano carbon white purity, polished and microbial reaction removes it further
In organic principle, and utilize fermentable polysaccharide white carbon surface formed layer protecting film, reduce between its surface hydroxyl
Active force so that it is change of will not mutually reuniting is big, after remove residual impurity through high temperature pyrolysis, finally give Nano carbon white,
Rice husk base Nano carbon white purity is low, particle diameter is thick, the problem of easy reunion, has splendid dispersibility to solve tradition.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the used technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1) weighing 1~2kg rice husk and load in iron pan, in iron pan, addition deionized water is until being totally submerged rice husk, to iron pan
Being heated to 30~40 DEG C, heat-insulation soaking overnight, after rice husk has soaked, filters to separate and removes filtrate, obtain filtering residue, by it
Move into and after corundum mortar grinds 15~20min, cross 60 mesh standard sieves, obtain rice husk powder;
(2) it is 1:10 by solid-liquid, is in 20% citric acid solution by above-mentioned gained rice husk powder addition mass concentration, connects backflow
After device, it is heated to 120~130 DEG C, after insulation pickling backflow 3~5h, pours buchner funnel into, use distilled water filtering and washing
Until cleaning mixture is neutrality, collects filtering residue and put into baking oven, at 105~110 DEG C, be dried 2~3h, obtain purification powdered rice hulls, standby;
(3) weigh 15~18g peptones, 3~5g Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream, 4~6g sodium chloride, 5~7g malt extract add 1000~
In 1200mL deionized water, after Glass rod stirring 5~10min, obtain fluid medium, be 20% in culture medium by inoculum concentration
Access Crimson rhodospirillum, then continue in clear glass tank and hermetically sealed can mouth, then glass jar is placed on 25~35 DEG C of constant temperature shakes
Shaken cultivation 3~5 days on bed, obtain bacteria suspension;
(4) by solid-to-liquid ratio 1:2, the standby powdered rice hulls that purifies is joined above-mentioned equipped with in the clear glass tank of bacteria suspension, with guarantor
Glass jar, by after Jar opening sealer, is placed irradiation 5~7h in the sunlight every day by fresh film, and natural fermentation processes 1~2 week;
(5) after fermentation ends, tunning is put in horizontal centrifuge, with 4000~5000r/min rotating speed centrifugations 10~
15min, obtains lower sediment, lower sediment is put in semi-cylindrical crucible, and is proceeded to by crucible in the burner hearth of tube type resistance furnace,
In stove, it is passed through nitrogen as pyrolysis gas using 3~5mL/min flow velocitys, then is warming up to 500~600 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate program,
Insulation pyrolysis 50~70min;
(6) after pyrolysis terminates, nitrogen is switched to oxygen, and is passed through in burner hearth with 1~3mL/min flow velocity, raise in-furnace temperature extremely
700~750 DEG C, after continuing insulation calcining 2~3h, treat that it is cooled to room temperature, calcined material milled to obtain white powder, i.e. high dispersive
Property Nano carbon white.
The high dispersancy nano white carbon fusing point that the present invention prepares is 1605~1610 DEG C, and density is 2.58~2.62g/
cm3, hot strength >=17.5MPa, stretching strength >=6.6MPa, pull apart elongation >=678%.
The present invention is compared with additive method, and Advantageous Effects is:
(1) preparation process of the present invention is simple, is difficult to reunite in preparation process between particle, products obtained therefrom high purity more than 99.9%;
(2) making full use of rice husk and Nano carbon white is prepared in microorganism mixed fermentation, dispersibility is high, and particle diameter is little.
Detailed description of the invention
First weighing 1~2kg rice husk and load in iron pan, in iron pan, addition deionized water is until being totally submerged rice husk,
Iron pan is heated to 30~40 DEG C, and heat-insulation soaking overnight, after rice husk has soaked, filters to separate and removes filtrate, obtain filter
Slag, moves it into and crosses 60 mesh standard sieves after grinding 15~20min in corundum mortar, obtain rice husk powder;It is 1:10 by solid-liquid again,
It is in 20% citric acid solution by above-mentioned gained rice husk powder addition mass concentration, after connecting reflux, is heated to 120
~130 DEG C, after insulation pickling backflow 3~5h, pour buchner funnel into, by distilled water filtering and washing until cleaning mixture is neutrality, receive
Collection filtering residue puts into baking oven, is dried 2~3h, obtains purification powdered rice hulls at 105~110 DEG C, standby;Weigh 15~18g peptones, 3
~5g Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream, 4~6g sodium chloride, 5~7g malt extract add in 1000~1200mL deionized waters, stir 5 with Glass rod
~after 10min, obtain fluid medium, by inoculum concentration be 20% in culture medium access Crimson rhodospirillum, then continue at clear glass
In tank and hermetically sealed can mouth, then glass jar is placed on 25~35 DEG C of constant-temperature tables shaken cultivation 3~5 days, obtains bacteria suspension;By solid
Liquor ratio 1:2, joins above-mentioned equipped with in the clear glass tank of bacteria suspension, with preservative film by close for tank mouth by the standby powdered rice hulls that purifies
Being honored as a queen, every day glass jar is placed irradiation 5~7h in the sunlight, natural fermentation processes 1~2 week;After fermentation ends, fermentation is produced
Thing is put in horizontal centrifuge, with 4000~5000r/min rotating speed centrifugations 10~15min, obtains lower sediment, lower floor is sunk
Shallow lake is put in semi-cylindrical crucible, and is proceeded to by crucible in the burner hearth of tube type resistance furnace, leads in stove with 3~5mL/min flow velocitys
Enter nitrogen as pyrolysis gas, then be warming up to 500~600 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate program, insulation pyrolysis 50~70min;After heat
Nitrogen is switched to oxygen by solution after terminating, and is passed through in burner hearth with 1~3mL/min flow velocity, raises in-furnace temperature to 700~750
DEG C, after continuing insulation calcining 2~3h, treat that it is cooled to room temperature, calcined material milled to obtain white powder, i.e. high dispersancy nano are white
White carbon black.
Example 1
First weighing 1kg rice husk and load in iron pan, in iron pan, addition deionized water is until being totally submerged rice husk, adds iron pan
Heat is warming up to 30 DEG C, and heat-insulation soaking overnight, after rice husk has soaked, filters to separate and removes filtrate, obtain filtering residue, move it into just
Cross 60 mesh standard sieves after beautiful mortar grinds 15min, obtain rice husk powder;It is 1:10 by solid-liquid again, by above-mentioned gained powdered rice hulls
It is in 20% citric acid solution that end adds mass concentration, after connecting reflux, is heated to 120 DEG C, insulation pickling backflow 3h
After, pour buchner funnel into, by distilled water filtering and washing until cleaning mixture is neutrality, collect filtering residue and put into baking oven, dry at 105 DEG C
Dry 2h, obtains purification powdered rice hulls, standby;Weigh 15g peptone, 3g Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream, 4g sodium chloride, 5g malt extract add 1000mL go
In ionized water, after Glass rod stirring 5min, obtain fluid medium, be 20% in culture medium, to access dark red red spiral shell by inoculum concentration
Bacterium, then continues in clear glass tank and hermetically sealed can mouth, then glass jar is placed on shaken cultivation 3 days on 25 DEG C of constant-temperature tables,
Obtain bacteria suspension;By solid-to-liquid ratio 1:2, the standby powdered rice hulls that purifies is joined above-mentioned equipped with in the clear glass tank of bacteria suspension, uses
Glass jar placement every day, by after Jar opening sealer, is irradiated 5h by preservative film in the sunlight, and natural fermentation processes 1 week;After fermentation ends
Tunning is put in horizontal centrifuge, with 4500r/min rotating speed centrifugation 10min, obtain lower sediment, by lower sediment
Put in semi-cylindrical crucible, and proceed to crucible, in the burner hearth of tube type resistance furnace, in stove, be passed through nitrogen with 3mL/min flow velocity
As pyrolysis gas, then it is warming up to 500 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate program, insulation pyrolysis 50min;By nitrogen after finally pyrolysis terminates
Switching to oxygen, and be passed through in burner hearth with 1mL/min flow velocity, rising in-furnace temperature, to 700 DEG C, after continuing insulation calcining 2h, is treated
It is cooled to room temperature, white powder of calcined material being milled to obtain, i.e. high dispersancy nano white carbon.
Preparation process of the present invention is simple, is difficult to reunite in preparation process between particle, products obtained therefrom high purity 99.92%;Fill
Dividing utilizes rice husk and microorganism mixed fermentation to prepare Nano carbon white, polymolecularity, and particle diameter is little;The high dispersancy nano prepared is white
White carbon black fusing point is 1605 DEG C, and density is 2.58g/mL, and hot strength is 17.5MPa, and stretching strength is 6.6MPa, pulls apart elongation
It is 678%.
Example 2
First weighing 2kg rice husk and load in iron pan, in iron pan, addition deionized water is until being totally submerged rice husk, adds iron pan
Heat is warming up to 35 DEG C, and heat-insulation soaking overnight, after rice husk has soaked, filters to separate and removes filtrate, obtain filtering residue, move it into just
Cross 60 mesh standard sieves after beautiful mortar grinds 18min, obtain rice husk powder;It is 1:10 by solid-liquid again, by above-mentioned gained powdered rice hulls
It is in 20% citric acid solution that end adds mass concentration, after connecting reflux, is heated to 125 DEG C, insulation pickling backflow 4h
After, pour buchner funnel into, by distilled water filtering and washing until cleaning mixture is neutrality, collect filtering residue and put into baking oven, dry at 108 DEG C
Dry 3h, obtains purification powdered rice hulls, standby;Weigh 16g peptone, 4g Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream, 5g sodium chloride, 6g malt extract add 1100mL go
In ionized water, after Glass rod stirring 8min, obtain fluid medium, be 20% in culture medium, to access dark red red spiral shell by inoculum concentration
Bacterium, then continues in clear glass tank and hermetically sealed can mouth, then glass jar is placed on shaken cultivation 4 days on 30 DEG C of constant-temperature tables,
Obtain bacteria suspension;By solid-to-liquid ratio 1:2, the standby powdered rice hulls that purifies is joined above-mentioned equipped with in the clear glass tank of bacteria suspension, uses
Glass jar placement every day, by after Jar opening sealer, is irradiated 6h by preservative film in the sunlight, and natural fermentation processes 2 weeks;After fermentation ends
Tunning is put in horizontal centrifuge, with 4500r/min rotating speed centrifugation 13min, obtain lower sediment, by lower sediment
Put in semi-cylindrical crucible, and proceed to crucible, in the burner hearth of tube type resistance furnace, in stove, be passed through nitrogen with 4mL/min flow velocity
As pyrolysis gas, then it is warming up to 550 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate program, insulation pyrolysis 60min;By nitrogen after finally pyrolysis terminates
Switching to oxygen, and be passed through in burner hearth with 2mL/min flow velocity, rising in-furnace temperature, to 725 DEG C, after continuing insulation calcining 3h, is treated
It is cooled to room temperature, white powder of calcined material being milled to obtain, i.e. high dispersancy nano white carbon.
Preparation process of the present invention is simple, is difficult to reunite in preparation process between particle, products obtained therefrom high purity 99.95%;Fill
Dividing utilizes rice husk and microorganism mixed fermentation to prepare Nano carbon white, polymolecularity, and particle diameter is little;The high dispersancy nano prepared is white
White carbon black fusing point is 1608 DEG C, and density is 2.60g/mL, and hot strength is 21.8MPa, and stretching strength is 9.3MPa, pulls apart elongation
It is 691%.
Example 3
First weighing 2kg rice husk and load in iron pan, in iron pan, addition deionized water is until being totally submerged rice husk, adds iron pan
Heat is warming up to 40 DEG C, and heat-insulation soaking overnight, after rice husk has soaked, filters to separate and removes filtrate, obtain filtering residue, move it into just
Cross 60 mesh standard sieves after beautiful mortar grinds 20min, obtain rice husk powder;It is 1:10 by solid-liquid again, by above-mentioned gained powdered rice hulls
It is in 20% citric acid solution that end adds mass concentration, after connecting reflux, is heated to 130 DEG C, insulation pickling backflow 5h
After, pour buchner funnel into, by distilled water filtering and washing until cleaning mixture is neutrality, collect filtering residue and put into baking oven, dry at 110 DEG C
Dry 3h, obtains purification powdered rice hulls, standby;Weigh 18g peptone, 5g Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream, 6g sodium chloride, 7g malt extract add 1200mL go
In ionized water, after Glass rod stirring 10min, obtain fluid medium, be 20% in culture medium, to access dark red red spiral shell by inoculum concentration
Bacterium, then continues in clear glass tank and hermetically sealed can mouth, then glass jar is placed on shaken cultivation 5 days on 35 DEG C of constant-temperature tables,
Obtain bacteria suspension;By solid-to-liquid ratio 1:2, the standby powdered rice hulls that purifies is joined above-mentioned equipped with in the clear glass tank of bacteria suspension, uses
Glass jar placement every day, by after Jar opening sealer, is irradiated 7h by preservative film in the sunlight, and natural fermentation processes 2 weeks;After fermentation ends
Tunning is put in horizontal centrifuge, with 5000r/min rotating speed centrifugation 15min, obtain lower sediment, by lower sediment
Put in semi-cylindrical crucible, and proceed to crucible, in the burner hearth of tube type resistance furnace, in stove, be passed through nitrogen with 5mL/min flow velocity
As pyrolysis gas, then it is warming up to 600 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate program, insulation pyrolysis 70min;By nitrogen after finally pyrolysis terminates
Switching to oxygen, and be passed through in burner hearth with 3mL/min flow velocity, rising in-furnace temperature, to 750 DEG C, after continuing insulation calcining 3h, is treated
It is cooled to room temperature, white powder of calcined material being milled to obtain, i.e. high dispersancy nano white carbon.
Preparation process of the present invention is simple, is difficult to reunite in preparation process between particle, products obtained therefrom high purity 99.98%;Fill
Dividing utilizes rice husk and microorganism mixed fermentation to prepare Nano carbon white, polymolecularity, and particle diameter is little;The high dispersancy nano prepared is white
White carbon black fusing point is 1610 DEG C, and density is 2.62g/mL, and hot strength is 25.5MPa, and stretching strength is 13.6MPa, pulls apart elongation
Degree is 705%.