CN111001375A - Preparation method of layered double-hydroxide composite adsorption material - Google Patents
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- CN111001375A CN111001375A CN201911386881.4A CN201911386881A CN111001375A CN 111001375 A CN111001375 A CN 111001375A CN 201911386881 A CN201911386881 A CN 201911386881A CN 111001375 A CN111001375 A CN 111001375A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material, which is characterized in that a layered double hydroxide nano material is compounded with a traditional adsorption material such as activated carbon, a ceramsite filter material and the like, and the anion adsorption property of the layered double hydroxide material and the adsorption capacity of the traditional adsorption material are utilized to realize the simultaneous adsorption of anion and cation pollutants in water; the nano material is compounded with the macro adsorption material, so that the stability of the nano material is enhanced, adsorption sites of the nano material can be fully utilized, and meanwhile, the nano material is convenient to recover and avoids secondary pollution; the layered double hydroxide has better biocompatibility, and the composite material can be attached with growing microorganisms to form a biological film so as to realize in-situ removal of pollutants; the layered double hydroxide has memory effect, and after being calcined at certain temperature and added into water, the composite adsorbing material may be restored in its adsorbing capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, and discloses a preparation method of a layered double-hydroxide composite adsorption material.
Background
With the improvement of production living standard, the pollutant components in water become complex gradually, and the effluent quality is difficult to be ensured to reach the national standard only by an independent treatment technology. Therefore, the organic combination of each treatment process unit and the interdigitation of each discipline can not only improve the treatment effect, but also reduce the operation cost. In the field of water treatment, common methods are classified into physicochemical methods and biological methods. The adsorption method in the physical and chemical method has the advantages of large capacity, less energy consumption, less pollution, quick removal, recyclability and the like, and has great potential in the aspect of removing pollutants in water. However, the adsorption medium is finally saturated by pure adsorption separation, and continuous removal of pollutants cannot be realized. The biological method for removing the pollutants has the advantages of economy, no secondary pollution, thorough separation and conversion and the like. Therefore, the adsorption method coupled with the biological denitrification technology is adopted to realize in-situ remediation of the polluted water body and reduce the treatment cost, and has important practical significance.
Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH), a typical anionic clay material, has the chemical formula [ M2+ 1-xM3+ x(OH-)2]x+(An-)x/n·mH2And O. In the formula, M2+And M3+Divalent and trivalent metal cations, respectively; x is M3+/(M2++M3+) The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is generally 0.2 to 0.33; a. then-Denotes a guest anion of charge number n, n being M2 +/M3+In a molar ratio of (A), usually M2+/M3+The ratio is generally between 2 and 4; m is the number of interlamellar crystal waters per LDH molecule. The material has controllable mesoscopic appearance and size, large specific surface area, high porosity, good diffusion and mass transfer efficiency, rich surface functional groups, easy exchange of interlayer anions and good biocompatibility. Domestic and foreign researches show that the layered double hydroxide has good adsorption and removal effects on anions, heavy metal cations, oxygen-containing acid radical ions, organic matters and the like, and has good application prospects in the field of water treatment. The layered double hydroxide is compounded with the macroscopic adsorption material, so that the adsorption effect on pollutants can be improved, the adsorbed pollutants can be removed in situ after the composite material is attached to organisms, and meanwhile, the layered double hydroxide is compoundedThe composite material also has the memory effect of the layered double hydroxide, and after being calcined at a certain temperature, the composite material can be put into water to recover the corresponding adsorption capacity, thereby not only improving the treatment efficiency, but also reducing the treatment cost.
When the adsorption method is adopted to treat pollutants in water at present, the following problems are often faced: (1) the traditional adsorbing material only has good adsorption capacity on single-electrical pollutants in water, and is difficult to realize simultaneous adsorption of anionic pollutants and cationic pollutants; (2) after being dispersed in water, the nano powder material is easy to agglomerate, the efficient utilization of adsorption sites is difficult to realize, and the powder material is difficult to recover, so that secondary pollution is easy to cause; (3) only a single adsorption separation method is adopted, the adsorption medium is finally saturated, and continuous removal of pollutants cannot be realized; (4) the traditional adsorbing material has high recycling investment, complex treatment flow and low recycling rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the layered double hydroxide nano material is compounded with the traditional adsorbing material such as activated carbon, ceramsite filter material and the like, and the anion adsorption property of the layered double hydroxide material and the adsorption capacity of the traditional adsorbing material are utilized to realize the simultaneous adsorption of anion and cation pollutants in water; the nano material is compounded with the macro adsorption material, so that the stability of the nano material is enhanced, adsorption sites of the nano material can be fully utilized, and meanwhile, the nano material is convenient to recover and avoids secondary pollution; the layered double hydroxide has better biocompatibility, and the composite material can be attached with growing microorganisms to form a biological film so as to realize in-situ removal of pollutants; the layered double hydroxide has memory effect, and after being calcined at certain temperature and added into water, the composite adsorbing material may be restored in its adsorbing capacity.
A preparation method of a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) weighing divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt which form layered double hydroxide and are mixed and dissolved in water to obtain mixed salt solution, wherein the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt is 1:1-3: 1; dissolving anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide in water to prepare mixed alkali liquor; dropping the mixed alkali liquor into the mixed salt solution until the pH is = 10;
step 2) adding an adsorbing material into the mixed salt solution, and stirring at the rotating speed of 1000-1400 r/min to load layered double hydroxide on the surface and in the micropores of the adsorbing material; after the reaction is finished, keeping the rotating speed and continuously stirring for a period of time for aging;
and 3) separating the product in a centrifugal mode, cleaning the product and drying the product to obtain the layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material.
Further, the divalent metal salt in the step 1) is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate or copper nitrate trihydrate; the trivalent metal salt is nonahydrate and aluminum nitrate or iron nitrate nonahydrate.
Further, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed alkali liquor in the step 1) is 0.06g/ml, and the concentration of sodium carbonate is 0.1325 g/ml.
Further, the mixed alkali liquor in the step 1) is dripped into the mixed salt solution at the speed of 0.5ml/s, and a pH meter is used for monitoring the pH of the solution during dripping.
Further, the adsorbing material added into the mixed salt solution in the step 2) is activated carbon or ceramsite;
further, the temperature of stirring reaction and aging in the step 2) is 25-30 ℃; the reaction time is 10min under stirring, and the stirring time for aging is 24 h.
Further, the method is characterized in that the product centrifugally separated in the step 3) is centrifugally washed for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and then dried for 8-10 hours at the temperature of 80-100 ℃.
Further, the method is characterized in that nitrogen is introduced to remove air in the process of dropping the mixed alkali liquor into the mixed salt solution; stirring reaction and aging under nitrogen protection, and drying in vacuum drying oven to obtain NO3 -An intercalated layered double hydroxide composite material.
Further, the method also comprises the step 4) of putting the dried product into the cultured bacterial liquid to enable the product to be attached with a bacterial biofilm for growth.
Further, in the step 4), a spectrophotometer is used for measuring the concentration of the bacteria liquid, and bacteria in a stationary phase stage are selected; soaking a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material sample in a bacterial liquid in a stable period; adding urea and calcium nitrate, wherein the adding amount of the urea and the calcium nitrate is 0.2 mol/L; and sealing the opening of the container with gauze, and standing at room temperature for 7d to obtain the layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material coated with the bacteria liquid.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts the method that the layered double hydroxide nano material is compounded with the traditional adsorbing material such as activated carbon, ceramsite filter material and the like, and the adsorption of anion and cation pollutants in water is realized simultaneously by utilizing the adsorption property of the layered double hydroxide material and the adsorption capacity of the traditional adsorbing material; the material is synthesized by adopting an unsteady state coprecipitation method, the operation is simple, the synthesis is rapid, the layered double hydroxide nano material can more easily enter a pore channel of a macroscopic adsorption material and can be stably loaded on the surface of the pore channel under high-speed stirring, the nano material is compounded with the macroscopic adsorption material, the stability of the nano material is enhanced, adsorption sites of the nano material can be fully exposed in the composite material, the adsorption capacity is enhanced, the recovery is convenient, and the secondary pollution is avoided; the layered double hydroxide has better biocompatibility, and the composite material can be attached with growing microorganisms to form a biological film so as to realize in-situ removal of pollutants; the layered double hydroxide has memory effect, and after being calcined at certain temperature and added into water, the composite adsorbing material may be restored in its adsorbing capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a flow chart for preparing the layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material;
FIG. 2: a bacterial liquid culture process;
FIG. 3: and (3) bacteria liquid film coating method.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1: respectively according to metal ion M2+/M3+The mass ratio of the substances is 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, and 20mL of mixed metal salt solution is prepared; the divalent metal salt used is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg (NO)3)2·6H2O), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni (NO)3)2.6H2O) or copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O), the trivalent metal salt is nonahydrate and aluminum nitrate (Al (NO)3)3·9H2O) or iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe (NO)3)3·9H2O)。
Taking 1.2g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na)2CO3) 2.65g of the mixed alkali solution is dissolved in deionized water to prepare 20mL of mixed alkali solution; adopting an unsteady state coprecipitation method, directly dropping a mixed alkali solution into a mixed metal salt solution at a dropping speed of 0.5ml/s by using a 20ml injector, inserting a pH meter into a reaction beaker for real-time monitoring in the process until the pH is =10, stopping the titration, simultaneously adding adsorbing materials such as activated carbon, ceramsite and the like, controlling the rotating speed of a magnetic stirrer to be 1000-1400 r/min, stirring for 10min, synthesizing at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and then aging. The aging process is to keep the temperature constant and the rotating speed constant and continue stirring for 24 hours after the synthesis is finished. And after aging is finished, centrifugally separating the product from the solvent, then respectively centrifugally washing the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the product in an oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 8-10 h.
After the material is cooled after being formed, a bacterial liquid film coating method can be adopted to adhere the biological film on the surface of the material:
as shown in fig. 2: preparing a culture medium for strain growth: 3g/L beef extract and 5g/L peptone, pouring the melted beef extract into a beaker, adding certain distilled water into the beaker, heating, and adding agar after the solution is boiled; adjusting pH =7 with 1mol/L NaOH solution and 1mol/LHCl solution; after the dissolution is finished, supplementing the required water, and sterilizing by adopting high-pressure steam (121 ℃, 25 min); inoculating strain liquid into the sterilized culture medium (the volume ratio of the strain liquid to the culture medium is 2%); and (3) putting the inoculated culture medium into a constant-temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for 24-48 h at 170r/min to obtain a bacterial liquid with a certain concentration.
As shown in fig. 3: measuring the optical density value of the bacterial liquid (the cell concentration in the bacterial liquid is in direct proportion to the turbidity and in inverse proportion to the transmittance) by using a spectrophotometer, representing the relative concentration of the bacterial liquid, comparing with a bacterial growth standard curve, and selecting bacteria in a stable stage; soaking a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material sample in a bacterial liquid in a stable period, and adding urea and calcium nitrate, wherein the concentrations of the urea and the calcium nitrate are equal and are 0.2 mol/L; and sealing the opening of the container with gauze, and standing at room temperature for 7d to obtain the layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material coated with the bacteria liquid.
In the unsteady state coprecipitation process, nitrogen can be introduced to remove air, then aging is carried out under the protection of nitrogen, and finally drying is carried out in a vacuum drying oven, so that NO can be synthesized by the method3 -The intercalation layered double hydroxide composite material improves the adsorption performance.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) weighing divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt which form layered double hydroxide and are mixed and dissolved in water to obtain mixed salt solution, wherein the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt is 1:1-3: 1; dissolving anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide in water to prepare mixed alkali liquor; dropping the mixed alkali liquor into the mixed salt solution until the pH is = 10;
step 2) adding an adsorbing material into the mixed salt solution, and stirring at the rotating speed of 1000-1400 r/min to load layered double hydroxide on the surface and in the micropores of the adsorbing material; after the reaction is finished, keeping the rotating speed and continuously stirring for a period of time for aging;
and 3) separating the product in a centrifugal mode, cleaning the product and drying the product to obtain the layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material.
2. A method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbent material according to claim 1, wherein the divalent metal salt of step 1) is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate, or copper nitrate trihydrate; the trivalent metal salt is nonahydrate and aluminum nitrate or iron nitrate nonahydrate.
3. A method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbent material according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed alkaline solution in step 1) is 0.06g/ml, and the concentration of sodium carbonate is 0.1325 g/ml.
4. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the mixed alkaline solution is dropped into the mixed salt solution at a rate of 0.5ml/s in step 1), and the pH of the solution is monitored by a pH meter during the dropping.
5. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbing material put into the mixed salt solution in the step 2) is activated carbon or ceramsite.
6. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbent material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the stirring reaction and aging in step 2) is 25-30 ℃; the reaction time is 10min under stirring, and the aging time is 24 h.
7. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the product centrifugally separated in the step 3) is centrifugally washed 3 times with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then dried at 80-100 ℃ for 8-10 h.
8. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein during the dropping of the mixed alkali solution into the mixed salt solution, nitrogen is introduced to remove air; stirring reaction and aging under nitrogen protection, and drying in vacuum drying oven to obtain NO3 -An intercalated layered double hydroxide composite material.
9. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material according to claim 1, further comprising the step of putting the dried product of step 4) into a cultured bacterial solution to allow a bacterial biofilm to grow on the product.
10. The method for preparing a layered double hydroxide composite adsorbent according to claim 9, wherein in the step 4), the bacteria concentration is measured by a spectrophotometer, and the bacteria in the stationary phase are selected; soaking a layered double hydroxide composite adsorption material sample in a bacterial liquid in a stable period; adding urea and calcium nitrate, wherein the adding amount of the urea and the calcium nitrate is 0.2 mol/L; and sealing the opening of the container with gauze, and standing at room temperature for 7d to obtain the layered double hydroxide composite adsorbing material coated with the bacteria liquid.
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