CN106180140B - A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object - Google Patents

A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object Download PDF

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CN106180140B
CN106180140B CN201610565027.4A CN201610565027A CN106180140B CN 106180140 B CN106180140 B CN 106180140B CN 201610565027 A CN201610565027 A CN 201610565027A CN 106180140 B CN106180140 B CN 106180140B
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heavy metal
homogenate
water
polycarbonate
sulfuric acid
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CN106180140A (en
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胡大苇
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/10—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an adsorption step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
    • C08B3/06—Cellulose acetate, e.g. mono-acetate, di-acetate or tri-acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
    • C08L33/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
    • C08J2333/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2433/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
    • C08J2433/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2469/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of minimizing technologies of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object, the described method comprises the following steps：(1) not available waste is sorted out, crushes plus house refuse homogenate is made in suitable quantity of water homogenate；(2) four layers of macroporous absorption film reaction tank of rubbish homogenate multipass, the heavy metal contaminants in Adsorption rubbish homogenate；(3) it is 2~3 that PH is adjusted after being diluted with water, and adds citric acid, cycles through strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column, then pass through polycarbonate doughnut and the compound ultrafiltration membrance filter of polyacrylonitrile；(4) by step (3) resulting filtrate by pressurized dissolved air flotation, by air-float technology except the oil film and oil droplet in decontaminated water, then by removing unadsorbed heavy metal ion again containing amino-phosphonic acid functional groups complexing resin；Entire process engineering of the invention is reasonable, easy to operate, at low cost, can be widely applied to the removal of heavy metal contaminants in house refuse.

Description

A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of solid waste treatment, and in particular to the removal side of heavy metal in a kind of domestic waste Method.
Background technique
With the expansion of city size, municipal refuse yield is growing day by day.Since China's majority municipal refuse is non-classified It collects, a large amount of electronic wastes, which enter soot, causes refuse landfill heavy metal pollution serious.These heavy metals pass through food simultaneously Object chain enters human body and constitutes a serious threat to the health of resident.Since heavy metal has relative stability and difficult to degrade in the environment Property, it cannot be degraded by microorganisms, be difficult to clear out from environment, so that Heavy Metal Pollution Control is very difficult.Therefore city Rubbish Heavy Metal Pollution Control has become key subjects urgently to be solved in the development process of current city.
Due to continuous improvement of people's living standards, the heavy metal in daily necessities be increased, while a large amount of electricity Sub- product abandonment object is unprocessed to be stacked together with house refuse, and heavy metals in garbage is caused to increase.Heavy metal one in rubbish Aspect is to stacking and Soil Surrounding pollutes, and another aspect landfill leachate is discharged into river or the water that permeates the ground, and causes ground Lower water pollution.
Heavy metal pollution is different from the pollution of other organic compounds.Many organic compounds can pass through nature itself Physics, chemical or biological purification makes harmfulness reduce or release.And heavy metal has enriching, is difficult in the environment Degradation.Nowadays China is due to causing many heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, cobalt etc. in the exploitation, smelting, process of heavy metal Cause serious environmental pollution into big gas and water, soil.Such as with useless
Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research heavy metal pollution of soil improvement for a long time, achieve certain improvement Effect.Currently used Heavy Metal Pollution Control method has physical method（Soil improvement by importing soil from other places, leaching method, absorption fixation）, chemistry side Method（Biological reducing, complexing extraction）And vitrifying, soil flushing and electro reclamation etc., but these methods engineering amounts are big, investment Valuableness, rehabilitation cost is high, needs to bother soil texture, can only small area pollution control, be difficult to be widely applied.At this It needs directly to handle rubbish under kind background, reduces pollution of the heavy metal in rubbish to soil.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of simple processes, and design is rationally, at low cost, are used for urban life The method of heavy metals in garbage removal.
A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object, includes the following steps：
（1）It is not available solid that consumer garbage compost is rejected into plastic foil, Fibre Bag, metal, glassware, brick and tile stone Body waste is sorted out, in mass ratio 1 after then crushing residual refuse:1 is added water, is placed in homogenized on refiner and is made House refuse homogenate；
（2）Four layers of macroporous absorption film reaction tank of rubbish homogenate multipass, the first tunic of reactor tank are package sulfuric acid Macroreticular resin exchange membrane, wrap up heavy metal Zn in the H+ and homogenate in the sulfuric acid in the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of sulfuric acid, Cu, Redox reaction occurs for Co, Ni, Sn, Fe, generates Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, makes the gold in homogenate Category all exists in a manner of metal ion；Second tunic of reactor tank is the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film for being enclosed with active carbon, Third tunic is the microporous barrier that modified cellulose and polyurethane are combined, and wherein the content of modified cellulose is 5%；4th layer Film is the macroporous absorption film of clay mineral；
（3）Being diluted with water to after concentration is 20% to processed homogenate and adding PH regulator adjusting PH is 2 ~ 3, so The citric acid that the concentration measured relative to 0.2 times of homogenate is 0.3mol/L is added thereto afterwards, is 200 ~ 300r/min in revolving speed Shaking table on shake 2 ~ 3h after cycle through strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column, then by polycarbonate and poly- The compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane filtering of acrylonitrile；
（4）By step（3）Resulting filtrate by pressurized dissolved air flotation, by air-float technology except in decontaminated water oil film and Oil droplet and other organic pollutants, it is then unadsorbed by being removed again containing amino-phosphonic acid functional groups complexing resin Heavy metal ion, so that the heavy metal contaminants content in liquid reaches discharge standard.
Further, the macroreticular resin exchange membrane house refuse homogenate of the package sulfuric acid can be rapidly from macrovoid It passes through, but since heavy metal partial size is excessive, so metal cannot pass through, simultaneously when passing through in homogenate containing heavy metal The sulfuric acid wrapped up in the exchange membrane of sulfuric acid can react with heavy metal, generate heavy metal ion, then metal then passes through The macroreticular resin exchange membrane for wrapping up sulfuric acid can save the dosage of sulfuric acid, and sulfuric acid with the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of package sulfuric acid It is big with metal contact surface, it reacts more complete.
Further, the preparation process of the modified cellulose is：Concentrated hydrochloric acid is reacted with trimethylamine generates front three amine salt Hydrochlorate, then cellulose cation-exchanger made from trimethylamine hydrochloride and epichlorohydrin reaction is added to immersion hemicellulose In the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of element, NaOH solution processing is then added, acetyl progress acetyl is then added and is modified, it is made Standby unmodified cellulose molecule amount is high, palliating degradation degree is low, adsorption capacity is strong.
Further, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 45 ~ 55%.
Further, the citric acid that is added into rubbish homogenate is since citric acid and metal ion are complexed Metal complex is generated after reaction, metal complex contains lone pair electrons pair, exchanges and sets by strongly acidic styrene's cation Rouge column can be combined with the cation of resin column to be haved the function that recycle heavy metal.
Further, the pressurized dissolved air flotation facture is exactly to be passed through air into waste water in hyperbaric environment, so Air is precipitated from water in the form of micro-bubble afterwards becomes carrier, makes the pollutants such as oil emulsion, the small suspended particulate in waste water Matter is adhered on bubble, is floated to the water surface with bubble, is formed foam-gas and water, particle（Oil）Three-phase mixture passes through receipts Collection foam or dross achieve the purpose that separate impurity, remove oil film and oil droplet.The method is mainly used to handle to be leaned in rubbish homogenate Natural subsidence or floating are difficult to the oil emulsion removed or relative density close to 1 small suspended particulate.
Further, the preparation process of the polycarbonate and the compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of polyacrylonitrile is poly- carbon Acid esters issues raw hydration reaction in organic oxidation tin catalytic action, using organic oxidation tin is filtered out, obtains polycarbonate water Then polycarbonate aqueous solution is mixed to obtain film liquid with the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of polyacrylonitrile by solution, then by film liquid with it is interior It is to form a film in the bath of outer inner gel media gel that gel media passes through spray head to inject with distilled water simultaneously, that is, obtains polycarbonate and gather The compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of acrylonitrile.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in：The method of heavy metal contaminants in removal domestic waste of the invention Simple process, it is easy to operate, it is at low cost, it can be reduced in heavy metal processing using the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of package sulfuric acid in the process Cost, and metal and sulfuric acid contact face are big, react more complete, then pass through active carbon, modified cellulose, clay mineral absorption Heavy metal ion, and repeatedly recycled in reactor tank, removal metal pollutant is more thorough；It can be removed using pressurized dissolved air flotation Oil film and oil droplet in rubbish go removing heavy metals more complete to subsequent.Entire technical process continuous operation, to removal life rubbish Heavy metal in rubbish is complete, and not will cause secondary pollution.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object, includes the following steps：
（1）It is not available solid that consumer garbage compost is rejected into plastic foil, Fibre Bag, metal, glassware, brick and tile stone Body waste is sorted out, in mass ratio 1 after then crushing residual refuse:1 is added water, is placed in homogenized on refiner and is made House refuse homogenate；
（2）Four layers of macroporous absorption film reaction tank of rubbish homogenate multipass, the first tunic of reactor tank are package sulfuric acid Macroreticular resin exchange membrane, wrap up heavy metal Zn in the H+ and homogenate in the sulfuric acid in the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of sulfuric acid, Cu, Redox reaction occurs for Co, Ni, Sn, Fe, generates Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, makes the gold in homogenate Category all exists in a manner of metal ion；Second tunic of reactor tank is the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film for being enclosed with active carbon, Third tunic is the microporous barrier that modified cellulose and polyurethane are combined, and wherein the content of modified cellulose is 5%；4th layer Film is the macroporous absorption film of clay mineral；
（3）Being diluted with water to after concentration is 20% to processed homogenate and adding PH regulator adjusting PH is 2, then The citric acid that the concentration measured relative to 0.2 times of homogenate is 0.3mol/L is added thereto, in the shaking table that revolving speed is 200r/min Strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column is cycled through after upper shake 2h, it is then multiple by polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile The hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of conjunction filters；
（4）By step（3）Resulting filtrate by pressurized dissolved air flotation, by air-float technology except in decontaminated water oil film and Oil droplet and other organic pollutants, it is then unadsorbed by being removed again containing amino-phosphonic acid functional groups complexing resin Heavy metal ion, so that the heavy metal contaminants content in liquid reaches discharge standard.
Wherein, the macroreticular resin exchange membrane house refuse homogenate of the package sulfuric acid can be worn from macrovoid rapidly It crosses, but since heavy metal partial size is excessive, so metal cannot pass through when passing through in homogenate containing heavy metal, wraps simultaneously Wrapping up in the sulfuric acid in the exchange membrane of sulfuric acid can react with heavy metal, generate heavy metal ion, then metal then passes through packet The macroreticular resin exchange membrane for wrapping up in sulfuric acid can save the dosage of sulfuric acid with the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of package sulfuric acid, and sulfuric acid with Metal contact surface is big, reacts more complete.
Wherein, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 45%.
Wherein, the preparation process of the modified cellulose is：Concentrated hydrochloric acid is reacted with trimethylamine generates trimethylamine hydrochloride, Cellulose cation-exchanger made from trimethylamine hydrochloride and epichlorohydrin reaction is added to again and impregnates hemicellulose In dimethyl sulphoxide solution, NaOH solution processing is then added, acetyl progress acetyl is then added and is modified, prepared by Unmodified cellulose molecule amount is high, palliating degradation degree is low, adsorption capacity is strong.
Wherein, the citric acid that is added into rubbish homogenate is since complex reaction occurs for citric acid and metal ion After generate metal complex, metal complex contains lone pair electrons pair, passes through strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column It can be combined with the cation of resin column and have the function that recycle heavy metal.
Wherein, the pressurized dissolved air flotation facture is exactly to be passed through air into waste water in hyperbaric environment, then empty Gas is precipitated from water in the form of micro-bubble becomes carrier, keeps the polluters such as oil emulsion, the small suspended particulate in waste water viscous It is attached on bubble, floats to the water surface with bubble, form one gas and water of foam, particle（Oil）Three-phase mixture is steeped by collecting Foam or dross achieve the purpose that separate impurity, the oil film in decontaminated water and oil droplet, purification waste water.It is useless that the method is mainly used to processing The oil emulsion removed or relative density are difficult to close to 1 small suspended particulate by natural subsidence or floating in water.
Wherein, the preparation process of the polycarbonate and the compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of polyacrylonitrile is polycarbonate Raw hydration reaction is issued in organic oxidation tin catalytic action, using organic oxidation tin is filtered out, obtains polycarbonate aqueous solution, Then polycarbonate aqueous solution is mixed into obtain film liquid with the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of polyacrylonitrile, then film liquid and inner gel is situated between It is to form a film in the bath of outer inner gel media gel that matter passes through spray head to inject with distilled water simultaneously, i.e. acquisition polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile Compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane.
Embodiment 2：A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object, includes the following steps：
（1）It is not available solid that consumer garbage compost is rejected into plastic foil, Fibre Bag, metal, glassware, brick and tile stone Body waste is sorted out, in mass ratio 1 after then crushing residual refuse:1 is added water, is placed in homogenized on refiner and is made House refuse homogenate；
（2）Four layers of macroporous absorption film reaction tank of rubbish homogenate multipass, the first tunic of reactor tank are package sulfuric acid Macroreticular resin exchange membrane, wrap up heavy metal Zn in the H+ and homogenate in the sulfuric acid in the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of sulfuric acid, Cu, Redox reaction occurs for Co, Ni, Sn, Fe, generates Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, makes the gold in homogenate Category all exists in a manner of metal ion；Second tunic of reactor tank is the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film for being enclosed with active carbon, Third tunic is the microporous barrier that modified cellulose and polyurethane are combined, and wherein the content of modified cellulose is 5%；4th layer Film is the macroporous absorption film of clay mineral；
（3）Being diluted with water to after concentration is 20% to processed homogenate and adding PH regulator adjusting PH is 2.5, so The citric acid that the concentration measured relative to 0.2 times of homogenate is 0.3mol/L is added thereto afterwards, is shaking for 250r/min in revolving speed Strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column is cycled through after shaking 2.5h on bed, then passes through polycarbonate and polypropylene The compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane filtering of nitrile；
（4）By step（3）Resulting filtrate by pressurized dissolved air flotation, by air-float technology except in decontaminated water oil film and Oil droplet and other organic pollutants, it is then unadsorbed by being removed again containing amino-phosphonic acid functional groups complexing resin Heavy metal ion, so that the heavy metal contaminants content in liquid reaches discharge standard.
Wherein, the macroreticular resin exchange membrane house refuse homogenate of the package sulfuric acid can be worn from macrovoid rapidly It crosses, but since heavy metal partial size is excessive, so metal cannot pass through when passing through in homogenate containing heavy metal, wraps simultaneously Wrapping up in the sulfuric acid in the exchange membrane of sulfuric acid can react with heavy metal, generate heavy metal ion, then metal then passes through packet The macroreticular resin exchange membrane for wrapping up in sulfuric acid can save the dosage of sulfuric acid with the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of package sulfuric acid, and sulfuric acid with Metal contact surface is big, reacts more complete.
Wherein, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 50%.
Wherein, the preparation process of the modified cellulose is：Concentrated hydrochloric acid is reacted with trimethylamine generates trimethylamine hydrochloride, Cellulose cation-exchanger made from trimethylamine hydrochloride and epichlorohydrin reaction is added to again and impregnates hemicellulose In dimethyl sulphoxide solution, NaOH solution processing is then added, acetyl progress acetyl is then added and is modified, prepared by Unmodified cellulose molecule amount is high, palliating degradation degree is low, adsorption capacity is strong.
Wherein, the citric acid that is added into rubbish homogenate is since complex reaction occurs for citric acid and metal ion After generate metal complex, metal complex contains lone pair electrons pair, passes through strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column It can be combined with the cation of resin column and have the function that recycle heavy metal.
Wherein, the pressurized dissolved air flotation facture is exactly to be passed through air into waste water in hyperbaric environment, then empty Gas is precipitated from water in the form of micro-bubble becomes carrier, keeps the polluters such as oil emulsion, the small suspended particulate in waste water viscous It is attached on bubble, floats to the water surface with bubble, form one gas and water of foam, particle（Oil）Three-phase mixture is steeped by collecting Foam or dross achieve the purpose that separate impurity, the oil film in decontaminated water and oil droplet, purification waste water.It is useless that the method is mainly used to processing The oil emulsion removed or relative density are difficult to close to 1 small suspended particulate by natural subsidence or floating in water.
Wherein, the preparation process of the polycarbonate and the compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of polyacrylonitrile is polycarbonate Raw hydration reaction is issued in organic oxidation tin catalytic action, using organic oxidation tin is filtered out, obtains polycarbonate aqueous solution, Then polycarbonate aqueous solution is mixed into obtain film liquid with the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of polyacrylonitrile, then film liquid and inner gel is situated between It is to form a film in the bath of outer inner gel media gel that matter passes through spray head to inject with distilled water simultaneously, i.e. acquisition polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile Compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane.
Embodiment 3：A kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object, includes the following steps：
（1）It is not available solid that consumer garbage compost is rejected into plastic foil, Fibre Bag, metal, glassware, brick and tile stone Body waste is sorted out, in mass ratio 1 after then crushing residual refuse:1 is added water, is placed in homogenized on refiner and is made House refuse homogenate；
（2）Four layers of macroporous absorption film reaction tank of rubbish homogenate multipass, the first tunic of reactor tank are package sulfuric acid Macroreticular resin exchange membrane, wrap up heavy metal Zn in the H+ and homogenate in the sulfuric acid in the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of sulfuric acid, Cu, Redox reaction occurs for Co, Ni, Sn, Fe, generates Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, makes the gold in homogenate Category all exists in a manner of metal ion；Second tunic of reactor tank is the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film for being enclosed with active carbon, Third tunic is the microporous barrier that modified cellulose and polyurethane are combined, and wherein the content of modified cellulose is 5%；4th layer Film is the macroporous absorption film of clay mineral；
（3）Being diluted with water to after concentration is 20% to processed homogenate and adding PH regulator adjusting PH is 3, then The citric acid that the concentration measured relative to 0.2 times of homogenate is 0.3mol/L is added thereto, in the shaking table that revolving speed is 300r/min Strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column is cycled through after upper shake 3h, it is then multiple by polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile The hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of conjunction filters；
（4）By step（3）Resulting filtrate by pressurized dissolved air flotation, by air-float technology except in decontaminated water oil film and Oil droplet and other organic pollutants, it is then unadsorbed by being removed again containing amino-phosphonic acid functional groups complexing resin Heavy metal ion, so that the heavy metal contaminants content in liquid reaches discharge standard.
Wherein, the macroreticular resin exchange membrane house refuse homogenate of the package sulfuric acid can be worn from macrovoid rapidly It crosses, but since heavy metal partial size is excessive, so metal cannot pass through when passing through in homogenate containing heavy metal, wraps simultaneously Wrapping up in the sulfuric acid in the exchange membrane of sulfuric acid can react with heavy metal, generate heavy metal ion, then metal then passes through packet The macroreticular resin exchange membrane for wrapping up in sulfuric acid can save the dosage of sulfuric acid with the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of package sulfuric acid, and sulfuric acid with Metal contact surface is big, reacts more complete.
Wherein, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 55%.
Wherein, the preparation process of the modified cellulose is：Concentrated hydrochloric acid is reacted with trimethylamine generates trimethylamine hydrochloride, Cellulose cation-exchanger made from trimethylamine hydrochloride and epichlorohydrin reaction is added to again and impregnates hemicellulose In dimethyl sulphoxide solution, NaOH solution processing is then added, acetyl progress acetyl is then added and is modified, prepared by Unmodified cellulose molecule amount is high, palliating degradation degree is low, adsorption capacity is strong.
Wherein, the citric acid that is added into rubbish homogenate is since complex reaction occurs for citric acid and metal ion After generate metal complex, metal complex contains lone pair electrons pair, passes through strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column It can be combined with the cation of resin column and have the function that recycle heavy metal.
Wherein, the pressurized dissolved air flotation facture is exactly to be passed through air into waste water in hyperbaric environment, then empty Gas is precipitated from water in the form of micro-bubble becomes carrier, keeps the polluters such as oil emulsion, the small suspended particulate in waste water viscous It is attached on bubble, floats to the water surface with bubble, form one gas and water of foam, particle（Oil）Three-phase mixture is steeped by collecting Foam or dross achieve the purpose that separate impurity, the oil film in decontaminated water and oil droplet, purification waste water.It is useless that the method is mainly used to processing The oil emulsion removed or relative density are difficult to close to 1 small suspended particulate by natural subsidence or floating in water.
Wherein, the preparation process of the polycarbonate and the compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of polyacrylonitrile is polycarbonate Raw hydration reaction is issued in organic oxidation tin catalytic action, using organic oxidation tin is filtered out, obtains polycarbonate aqueous solution, Then polycarbonate aqueous solution is mixed into obtain film liquid with the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of polyacrylonitrile, then film liquid and inner gel is situated between It is to form a film in the bath of outer inner gel media gel that matter passes through spray head to inject with distilled water simultaneously, i.e. acquisition polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile Compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane.
Specific experiment verifying
1. subjects：It is process object with the rubbish of certain city house refuse stack-up-yard, through in detection house refuse Content of beary metal be greater than 5g/m3,
2. test method：Take 4 parts of above-mentioned house refuse, every part of 5m3, it is respectively labeled as test group 1, test group 2, test group 3, control group.It is wherein handled respectively with the method for the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 3 for 3 groups of experimental group, the absorption of control group routine Method is handled.
3. after treatment heavy metals in garbage content records：
4. conclusion：As can be seen from the above data, treatment process of the invention imitates the heavy metal in processing house refuse Fruit is obvious, and without any abnormal conditions, securely and reliably.
Finally it should be noted that：Above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than its limitations； Although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that： It can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment, or be equal to part of technical characteristic Replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, the utility model embodiment technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution Spirit and scope.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）By consumer garbage compost, not available solid waste therein is sorted out, the not available solid is useless Gurry includes plastic foil, Fibre Bag, metal, glassware, brick and tile stone, in mass ratio 1 after then crushing residual refuse:1 Water is added, is placed in homogenized on refiner and house refuse homogenate is made；
（2）Four layers of macroporous absorption film reaction tank of rubbish homogenate multipass, the first tunic of reactor tank are the macropore for wrapping up sulfuric acid Resins exchange film, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid are 45 ~ 55%, wrap up the H in the sulfuric acid in the macroreticular resin exchange membrane of sulfuric acid + and the heavy metal Zn in homogenate, Cu, Co, Ni, Sn generation redox reaction, generate Zn2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Sn2+, make Metal in homogenate all exists in a manner of metal ion；Second tunic of reactor tank is the poly- inclined fluorine for being enclosed with active carbon Ethylene composite membrane；Third tunic is the microporous barrier that modified cellulose and polyurethane are combined, wherein the content of modified cellulose It is 5%；4th tunic is the macroporous absorption film of clay mineral；The heavy metal being adsorbed and removed in rubbish homogenate for the first time；
（3）Be diluted with water to after concentration is 20% to processed homogenate add PH regulator adjust PH be 2 ~ 3, then to The citric acid that the concentration measured relative to 0.2 times of homogenate is 0.3mol/L is wherein added, is shaking for 200 ~ 300r/min in revolving speed Strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin column is cycled through after shaking 2 ~ 3h on bed, then passes through polycarbonate and polypropylene The compound hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane filtering of nitrile；
（4）By step（3）Resulting filtrate is by pressurized dissolved air flotation, by air-float technology except the oil film and oil droplet in decontaminated water And other organic pollutants, then by removing a unadsorbed huge sum of money again containing amino-phosphonic acid functional groups complexing resin Belong to ion.
2. a kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute The preparation process for the modified cellulose stated is：Concentrated hydrochloric acid is reacted with trimethylamine generates trimethylamine hydrochloride, then by trimethylamine hydrochloric acid Cellulose cation-exchanger made from salt and epichlorohydrin reaction is added to the dimethyl sulphoxide solution for impregnating hemicellulose In, NaOH solution processing is then added, it is modified then to add acetyl progress acetyl.
3. a kind of minimizing technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Municipal Solid Waste object as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute The preparation process of the polycarbonate the stated hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane compound with polyacrylonitrile is that polycarbonate is urged in organic oxidation tin Change effect issues raw hydration reaction, using organic oxidation tin is filtered out, polycarbonate aqueous solution is obtained, then by polycarbonate Aqueous solution mixes to obtain film liquid with the dimethyl sulphoxide solution of polyacrylonitrile, and film liquid and inner gel medium are then passed through spray head simultaneously Injection is to form a film in the bath of outer inner gel media gel with distilled water, i.e. acquisition polycarbonate and the compound doughnut of polyacrylonitrile Ultrafiltration membrane.
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CN110436974A (en) * 2019-09-05 2019-11-12 湖南人文科技学院 A kind of non-pollution processing method and system of afforestation rubbish
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