CN106166654A - A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106166654A CN106166654A CN201610607016.8A CN201610607016A CN106166654A CN 106166654 A CN106166654 A CN 106166654A CN 201610607016 A CN201610607016 A CN 201610607016A CN 106166654 A CN106166654 A CN 106166654A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
Open a kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding of the present invention and preparation method thereof; with mild-carbon steel strip as crust; drug core component includes the component of following weight/mass percentage composition: the high carbon ferro-chrome of 50～56wt%; the ferro-niobium of 32～38wt%; the graphite of 1～2wt%, the almag of 1～4wt%, the silicomangan of 3～8wt%; surplus is iron powder, and wherein said graphite, almag and silicomangan combine with at least two different grain size respectively.The welding wire that the present invention provides, by adding varigrained medicated core component, ensure that good welding technological properties, and by adding substantial amounts of Nb in medicated core, promote the hypereutectic tissue of rich chromium cast iron to change to hypoeutectic, overlay cladding toughness is obviously improved, hardness is high, and wearability is splendid, and welding technological properties is good, deposition efficiency is high, and multilayer welding is without scarfing cinder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the welding field in Materials Processing Engineering, more particularly to a kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening built-up welding
With self-protection flux-cored wire and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Built-up welding, as a kind of green manufacturing technique, is widely used in the reparation of all kinds of wear parts or remanufactures.Owing to becoming
This cheap being in addition easy to is prepared, with Cr7C3Type carbide is that the rich chromium cast iron hardfacing alloy of wear-resisting skeleton is used widely.C makees
For forming one of most important element of carbide hard phase, the interpolation in hardfacing alloy often decides hardfacing alloy tissue shape
State.Rich chromium cast iron tissue is a kind of typical hypereutectic tissue, needs undoubtedly to add enough C.Meanwhile, it is, in general, that carbonization
The volume fraction of thing hard phase is the biggest, and the wearability of hardfacing alloy is the best；And the increase of carbide volume fraction, it is also desirable to increase
C content in medicated core.On the one hand having benifit for raising wearability, on the other hand easily there is metallurgical imperfection and fine fisssure in itself more
Stricture of vagina, fragility is very big, become hardfacing alloy under arms during develop into the macroscopic cracking even major reason of cracking destruction.Cause
This, overcome the defect of tradition high-chromium cast iron-type hardfacing alloy crack resistance difference, be a focus class of development in recent years technique for overlaying
Topic.
Prior art generally uses reduction C and the way of alloying element content so that high-chromium cast iron-type hardfacing alloy is by mistake
Eutectic structure changes to hypoeutectic structure, to obtain enough toughness；But reduction C and alloying element content can also result in heap
Solder alloy hardness is decreased obviously, and wearability also cannot be ensured.
Nb is usually added in high carbon chromium iron-based flux-cored wire alloy, is formed than (Cr, Fe)7C3Wearability preferably strong carbon
Compound, to improve the wearability of hardfacing alloy.Such as Chinese patent CN101856776A, wherein interpolation 4～the niobium of 16% in medicated core
Ferrum；CN102974956A then with the addition of the ferro-niobium of 10-30%, significantly improves wearability and processing characteristics.But, there is not yet
Higher amount or the report of very high content niobium is added in medicated core.
The most where in whole welding process, in the molten drop stage of existing extreme temperatures, there is again the molten bath stage that temperature is slightly lower
The individual stage is required for being prevented effectively from air pollution and just can obtain qualified welding deposited metal.Prior art is typically in medicated core
Add deoxidizer and realize the effect of deoxidation, and a kind of granularity of the many selections of each deoxidizer.Owing to varigrained powder has not
Same oxidation activity, can be obviously improved the self-shield effect of welding wire by varigrained above-mentioned medicated core component.At present, not yet
See the technology disclosure being improved welding wire self-shield effect by control composition granularity.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for defect present in prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high-load niobium Strengthening and Toughening built-up welding to use
Self-protection flux-cored wire, it is a further object of the present invention to provide the preparation method of this flux-cored wire.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
The very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding of the present invention, including mild-carbon steel strip and medicated core, medicated core
Being filled in described steel band, medicated core includes the component of following weight/mass percentage composition: the high carbon ferro-chrome of 50～56wt%, 32～
The ferro-niobium of 38wt%, the graphite of 1～2wt%, the almag of 1～4wt%, the silicomangan of 3～8wt%, surplus is iron powder,
Wherein said graphite, almag and silicomangan combine with at least two different grain size respectively, wherein in different grain size
At least one is relatively coarseness, and such as 40 mesh, 50 mesh, 60 mesh, 70 mesh, 80 mesh etc., at least one is finer grain, as 160 mesh,
170 mesh, 180 mesh, 200 mesh, 250 mesh, 300 mesh etc..
Further, described high carbon ferro-chrome phosphorus content is 9～10wt%, and chrome content is 60～70wt%, and remaining is ferrum；Institute
The ferro-niobium niobium content stated is 50～60wt%, and remaining is ferrum；Described almag aluminum content is 47～53wt%, and remaining is
Magnesium；Described silicomangan silicon content is 47～53wt%, and remaining is manganese.
Further, the particle diameter of described high carbon ferro-chrome, ferro-niobium and iron powder is 80 mesh.
Further, described varigrained graphite is combined according to mass ratio 1:1 by the graphite of 60 mesh and 200 mesh.
When mass ratio is less than 1:1, then pore easily occurs in overlay cladding, when mass ratio is more than 1:1, then overlay cladding slag inclusion easily occurs or is mingled with
Shortcoming, but it is superior to the effect of Monosized powder.
Further, described varigrained almag by the almag of 60 mesh and 200 mesh according to mass ratio 1:1 group
Conjunction forms.Effect same graphite during mass ratio non-1:1.
Further, described varigrained silicomangan by the silicomangan of 60 mesh and 200 mesh according to mass ratio 1:1 group
Conjunction forms.Effect same graphite during mass ratio non-1:1.
Further, the thickness × width of described mild-carbon steel strip is 0.5 × 21mm.
Further, any one in a diameter of 2.8mm, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 3.8mm and 4.2mm of described welding wire.
Further, described medicated core accounts for the 52-54wt% of welding wire gross weight.
The present invention proposes the preparation method of above-mentioned very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding, its feature
It is: comprise the steps:
(1) utilize molding roller that mild-carbon steel strip is rolled into U-shaped, then by dust feeder, medicated core powder is total according to welding wire
The 52-54wt% of weight joins in U-lag；
(2) U-lag is healed up, make medicated core wrap up wherein, by wire drawing die, by road drawing, tube reducing, finally make diameter reach
2.8～4.2mm, obtain final products.
In the minds of above-mentioned wanting, the Main Function of each component is as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome: form Cr7C3, Cr23C6, Cr3The carbide of the chromium such as C；And in matrix transition alloy elements
Cr, and C element is provided.
Ferro-niobium: the most preferentially become NbC hard phase with C-shaped, on the other hand promotes the hypereutectic tissue of rich chromium cast iron to Asia altogether
Brilliant transformation, overlay cladding toughness is obviously improved.
Graphite: provide C element, deoxidation forms CO and causes the micro-boiling in molten bath, reduces stomata sensitivity, and reduces welding atmosphere
In partial pressure of oxygen and nitrogen partial pressure.
Almag: for deoxidation, fixed nitrogen, strengthen self-shield effect.
Silicomangan: for deoxidation, strengthens self-shield effect；Transition alloy elements Mn and elements Si are provided simultaneously.
Sketched by the effect of component each in technique scheme and medicated core it is understood that due to the fact that and add in medicated core
Large content of Nb, its preferential and C in Welding Metallurgy melt react disperse educt NbC, than the heat of Cr7C3 carbide
Stability is more preferable, and hardness is higher, simultaneously because consume substantial amounts of C during forming NbC so that C in residue molten bath
Content value is by moving on the left of eutectic point on the right of eutectic point, it is meant that rich chromium cast iron hardfacing alloy tissue (is first analysed by hypereutectic tissue
Carbide+eutectic product) change to hypoeutectic (first analysing austenite+eutectic product).Wherein, eutectic product by retained austenite,
Martensite and tiny carbide mixture are constituted.Finally, being greatly increased by Nb content, in medicated core, in alloying element, C content is not
Anti-reflection increases, and the microscopic structure of High-chromium Cast Iron Flux Cored Wire For Self-shielded is made up of NbC+ austenite+eutectic carbide+martensite,
In this tissue, NbC improves the hardness of self-protection flux-cored wire and high heat stability, and has refined rich chromium cast iron tissue；Ovshinsky
Body is the austenite obtaining the strengthening of enough Cr element solid solutions, strong, tough has concurrently；Eutectic carbide size is tiny, is evenly distributed；Geneva
Body further increases the hardness of hardfacing alloy.In sum, by high-chromium cast iron-type self-insurance that very high content niobium is element modified
Protect flux-cored wire and present preferable microscopic structure and composition, thus determine this hardfacing alloy and there is preferable anti-wear performance.
Additionally, the granularity of graphite, almag and silicomangan all has two kinds: 60 mesh and 200 mesh in medicated core, poor with granularity
The mode of different combination is added, it is noted that the combination of other different thicknesses granularities, as long as be capable of this technique effect
, also fall into the design of the present invention.In whole welding process, in the molten drop stage of existing extreme temperatures, there is again temperature slightly lower
In the molten bath stage, whichever is required for being prevented effectively from air pollution and just can obtain qualified welding deposited metal, seminar in stage
Found by the substantial amounts of engineer testing of early stage, the self-shield of welding wire can be obviously improved by varigrained above-mentioned medicated core component
Effect.This is that varigrained powder has different oxidation activities.Chemical metallurgy reactivity is controlled by component particle size
New approaches, add superfine 200 mesh graphite, almag and silicomangan in medicated core, utilize it to enter in the welding temperature rise period
The effective precedent desoxydation of row, adds thicker 60 mesh graphite, almag and silicomangan in medicated core simultaneously, and utilization is retained in
Molten drop hot stage and molten bath stage, it is also possible to carry out effective deoxidation gas making, thus ensure to be heated at whole welding wire, melt,
Formation molten drop, droplet transfer, formation molten bath the Welding Metallurgy whole process starting to solidify are provided with good self-shield effect, thus
Achieve this welding wire in the case of not adding any mineral powder slag former, remain able to possess good welding technological properties
And welding metal surface shapes.Meanwhile, the interpolation of many granularities deoxidizer, it is ensured that under the adding conditional of less deoxidizer, obtains
Good self-shield effect, the enough interpolations for medicated core formula medium high carbon ferrochrome, ferro-niobium etc. create steric requirements.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that
(1) present invention is by with the addition of large content of Nb in medicated core, and it preferentially occurs instead with C in Welding Metallurgy melt
Answer disperse educt NbC so that in residue molten bath, the content value of C is by moving on the left of eutectic point on the right of eutectic point, promotes rich chromium cast iron
Hardfacing alloy tissue is turned to hypoeutectic (first analysing austenite+eutectic product) by hypereutectic tissue (first eutectoid carbide+eutectic product)
Become, the final ideal composition obtaining NbC+ austenite+eutectic carbide+martensite composition and tissue, improve hardfacing alloy
Toughness and hardness, substantially increase its wearability.
(2) present invention controls the new approaches of chemical metallurgy reactivity by component particle size, is respectively combined and adds in medicated core
Add 200 superfine mesh and thicker 60 mesh graphite, almag and silicomangan, be effectively ensured be heated at whole welding wire, melt,
Formation molten drop, droplet transfer, formation molten bath the Welding Metallurgy whole process starting to solidify are provided with good self-shield effect, thus
Achieve this welding wire in the case of not adding any mineral powder slag former, remain able to possess good welding technological properties
And welding bead shaping surface.
(3) the flux-cored wire welding technological properties of the present invention is good, and homogenization degree is high, and overlay surface hardness is equal
Even, average hardness is in 62～64HRC scopes.Wearability is about 30 times of Q235.
(4) preparation method of flux-cored wire of the present invention is simple and reliable, it is easy to batch production, prepared welding wire welding procedure
Functional, deposition efficiency is high, and multilayer welding is without scarfing cinder.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further explained.Because being understood by, the tool described by following embodiment
Proportioning, process conditions and the result thereof of body medicated core component is to preferably explain the present invention, and does not constitute and protect the present invention
The restriction of scope.Wherein, the high carbon ferro-chrome phosphorus content used in following examples is 9～10wt%, chrome content be 60～
70wt%, remaining is ferrum；Described ferro-niobium niobium content is 50～60wt%, and remaining is ferrum；Described almag aluminum content is
47～53wt%, remaining is magnesium；Described silicomangan silicon content is 47～53wt%, and remaining is manganese.
Embodiment 1
A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding, including mild-carbon steel strip and medicated core, flux cored filler
In steel band, drug core component is prepared by following quality: the 80 mesh high carbon ferro-chromes of 50g, the 80 mesh ferro-niobiums of 38g, the graphite of 1g,
The almag of 4g, the silicomangan of 3g, the 80 mesh iron powders of 4g, wherein, graphite, almag and silicomangan all with 60 mesh and
200 two kinds of mesh granularities are added, and each of are added the mass fraction of 60 mesh and 200 mesh in powder and respectively account for 50%.By institute
Take various powder and insert in mixed powder machine, mix 40 minutes, then mixed-powder is added the H08A carbon steel of 21 × 0.5mm of U-shaped
In steel band groove, filling rate is 53%.Again U-lag is healed up, make medicated powder wrap up wherein.Then make it respectively by a diameter of
One or more in the wire drawing die of 4.2mm, 3.8mm, 3.5mm, 3.2mm, 2.8mm, by road drawing, tube reducing, finally obtain straight
Footpath is the product of 2.8～4.2mm.Welding current is 260～400A, and weldingvoltage is 30～40V, and speed of welding is 0.4m/
Min, interlayer temperature controls at 150～250 DEG C, built-up welding 3 layers.Deposited metal hardness and wearability are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding, including mild-carbon steel strip and medicated core, flux cored filler
In steel band, drug core component is prepared by following quality: the 80 mesh high carbon ferro-chromes of 56g, the 80 mesh ferro-niobiums of 32g, the graphite of 2g,
The almag of 1g, the silicomangan of 8g, the 80 mesh iron powders of 1g, wherein, graphite, almag and silicomangan all with 60 mesh and
200 two kinds of mesh granularities are added, and each of are added the mass fraction of 60 mesh and 200 mesh in powder and respectively account for 50%.By institute
Take various powder and insert in mixed powder machine, mix 40 minutes, then mixed-powder is added the H08A carbon steel of 21 × 0.5mm of U-shaped
In steel band groove, filling rate is 52%.Again U-lag is healed up, make medicated powder wrap up wherein.Then make it respectively by a diameter of
One or more in the wire drawing die of 4.2mm, 3.8mm, 3.5mm, 3.2mm, 2.8mm, by road drawing, tube reducing, finally obtain straight
Footpath is the product of 2.8～4.2mm.Welding current is 260～400A, and weldingvoltage is 30～40V, and speed of welding is 0.4m/
Min, interlayer temperature controls at 150～250 DEG C, built-up welding 3 layers.Deposited metal hardness and wearability are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding, including mild-carbon steel strip and medicated core, flux cored filler
In steel band, drug core component is prepared by following quality: the 80 mesh high carbon ferro-chromes of 52g, the 80 mesh ferro-niobiums of 36g, the stone of 1.5g
Ink, the almag of 2g, the silicomangan of 5g, the 80 mesh iron powders of 3.5g, wherein, graphite, almag and silicomangan all with
60 mesh and two kinds of granularities of 200 mesh are added, and each of are added the mass fraction of 60 mesh and 200 mesh in powder and respectively account for
50%.Taken various powder are inserted in mixed powder machine, mix 40 minutes, then mixed-powder is added 21 × 0.5mm's of U-shaped
In H08A carbon steel steel band groove, filling rate is 53%.Again U-lag is healed up, make medicated powder wrap up wherein.Then make it respectively by straight
Footpath is one or more in the wire drawing die of 4.2mm, 3.8mm, 3.5mm, 3.2mm, 2.8mm, by road drawing, tube reducing, finally obtains
A diameter of 2.8～the product of 4.2mm.Welding current is 260～400A, and weldingvoltage is 30～40V, and speed of welding is
0.4m/min, interlayer temperature controls at 150～250 DEG C, built-up welding 3 layers.Deposited metal hardness and wearability are shown in Table 1.
In table 1, listed hardness test uses HR-150A Rockwell apparatus, load 150Kg, and each test specimens takes 5 points
Hardness, calculates average hardness value.Wear test uses MLS-225 type wet type rubber wheel abrasion tester.
The overlay cladding of each embodiment is cut five a size of 57 × 25 × 6mm Wear specimens.Wear test parameter is as follows:
Rubber wheel diameter: 178mm, rubber wheel rotating speed: 240 revs/min, rubber wheel hardness: 70 (Shao Er hardness), load: 10Kg, rubber wheel
Revolution: pre-grinding 1000 turns, formal test turns 1000 turns, abrasive material: the quartz sand of 40～70 mesh.The anti-wear performance of deposited metal is with just
The weight loss of formula abrasion is weighed.Sample is inserted in the beaker filling acetone soln every time experiment is forward and backward, clear at ultrasound wave
Wash in instrument and clean 3～5 minutes, record of weighing after dry.Experiment Q235 steel sample as a comparison, contrast piece weight loss and measuring piece
Relative wear resistance ε being used for built-up welding sample of weight loss.
Table 1 each embodiment deposited metal hardness and wear resistance
Above example is that description example effect is played in the design of the technology to the present invention, can not limit the present invention with this
Protection domain, those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, modify and are equal to
Replace, all should fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding, including mild-carbon steel strip and medicated core, described medicated core is filled out
Fill in described steel band, it is characterised in that: described medicated core includes the component of following weight/mass percentage composition: the high-carbon of 50～56wt%
Ferrochrome, the ferro-niobium of 32～38wt%, the graphite of 1～2wt%, the almag of 1～4wt%, the silicomangan of 3～8wt%, remaining
Amount is iron powder, and wherein said graphite, almag and silicomangan combine with at least two different grain size respectively.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
High carbon ferro-chrome phosphorus content is 9～10wt%, and chrome content is 60～70wt%, and remaining is ferrum；Described ferro-niobium niobium content be 50～
60wt%, remaining is ferrum；Described almag aluminum content is 47～53wt%, and remaining is magnesium；Described silicomangan is siliceous
Amount is 47～53wt%, and remaining is manganese.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The particle diameter of high carbon ferro-chrome, ferro-niobium and iron powder is 80 mesh.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Varigrained graphite is combined according to mass ratio 1:1 by the graphite of 60 mesh and 200 mesh.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Varigrained almag is combined according to mass ratio 1:1 by the almag of 60 mesh and 200 mesh.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Varigrained silicomangan is combined according to mass ratio 1:1 by the silicomangan of 60 mesh and 200 mesh.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Mild-carbon steel strip thickness × width is 0.5 × 21mm.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Any one in a diameter of 2.8mm, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 3.8mm and 4.2mm of welding wire.
Very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Medicated core accounts for the 52-54wt% of welding wire gross weight.
10. the system of the very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding as described in any one of claim 1-9
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
(1) utilize molding roller that mild-carbon steel strip is rolled into U-shaped, then pass through dust feeder by medicated core powder according to welding wire gross weight
52-54wt% joins in U-lag；
(2) U-lag is healed up, make medicated core wrap up wherein, by wire drawing die, by road drawing, tube reducing, finally make diameter reach 2.8
～4.2mm, obtain final products.
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| CN201610607016.8A CN106166654B (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201610607016.8A CN106166654B (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | A kind of very high content niobium Strengthening and Toughening self-protecting flux-cored wire for overlaying welding and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107363431A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-21 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of self-shield open arc built-up welding austenitic matrix flux-cored wire and its application process |
| CN107598415A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of self-shield open arc flux-cored wire based on coordination strengthening effect |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107363431A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-21 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of self-shield open arc built-up welding austenitic matrix flux-cored wire and its application process |
| CN107363431B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-12 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of self-shield open arc built-up welding austenitic matrix flux-cored wire and its application method |
| CN107598415A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of self-shield open arc flux-cored wire based on coordination strengthening effect |
| CN107598415B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-31 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of self-shield open arc flux-cored wire based on coordination strengthening effect |
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| CN106166654B (en) | 2018-07-27 |
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