CN106164378A - 自填充防洪包 - Google Patents

自填充防洪包 Download PDF

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CN106164378A
CN106164378A CN201580018767.XA CN201580018767A CN106164378A CN 106164378 A CN106164378 A CN 106164378A CN 201580018767 A CN201580018767 A CN 201580018767A CN 106164378 A CN106164378 A CN 106164378A
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flood control
filling
chamber
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B·祖兹
A·豪伊杜
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Lewice Investments Ltd
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Abstract

自填充防洪包包括两个封闭的腔室(1)，所述两个封闭的腔室通过字母“T”形式的终端轭状件(2)互相连接，并且由具有高吸水能力的聚酯织物制成。腔室(1)填充有基于交联聚丙烯酸脂(SAP)的超强吸水剂(3)的颗粒状或胶状混合物。终端轭状件(2)包括两个金属的操作孔眼(4)。

Description

自填充防洪包
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自填充防洪包结构，其用于建筑物、通讯装置、农业区域的简单、快速和有效的防洪目的，并且用于消除或者减少在洪水期间发生的损坏、在水供应系统失效期间的紧急水泄露等。本发明属于水资源管理领域。
背景技术
从现有技术已知坚固的便携式防洪屏障(壁垒，barrier)，将这些防洪屏障放在一起形成防洪壁。它们是锚固到坚固的或可拆开的支承柱上的不同类型的壁以及填充有水或其它材料的不同类型的屏障。基本的防洪装置是填充有沙、土、碎石和其它松散材料的防洪包。
还已知的是可填充有水的包(套袋)，其具有立在基底上的三角形的横截面，如在斯洛伐克实用新型UV 6300中所描述的。借助于承载梁结构可以确保横截面形状的保持。包的外层由聚乙烯制成。这些屏障的存储占据很大的空间。
还已知管状的柔性塑料袋，如在斯洛伐克实用新型UV 5855中所描述的。这些柔性塑料袋填充有水并且它们的优点是对于地形的高适应能力。它们的缺点是它们不能用于较高的水柱(column)，因为流过的水不足够稳定，并且存在由尖锐材料引起的塑料材料被刺穿的威胁。
还已知开口袋系统，它们具有梯形横截面并且通过由铁管制得的大型框架和由土工织物制得的或涂覆有塑料材料的外层形成。这种开口袋系统填充有沙、土或水。还已知类似的结构为基于可填充有水的包的防洪壁区段，如在公开的国际专利申请WO 02/10519中描述的。它们的缺点在于在横截面的顶部的针对拉力的较低的抵抗力。为了其安装，它们需要建造支承结构。
还已知基于自由直立支柱和交叉层状填充物的结构的防洪屏障系统。该系统的缺点在于需要借助于大型框架将用于支柱的撑杆锚固。
还已知由具有限定间隔的交叉地且稳固地进入所锚固的土地的支承元件系统构成的系统。在该定制的交叉支承元件的行上延伸有外层或甚至固定有沙包。
还已知具有水吸收剂的块状吸收模块的系统，所述吸收模块通过固定元件例如通过Velcro紧固件互相连接。这种系统的缺点是必须保持固定元件的清洁性，以使得它们可以安全地实现模块的可靠互连的功能。模块的相互连接也并不足够牢靠并且以这种方式建造的屏障是不稳定的。
防洪屏障与其移动性相关的选择有限，其中，防洪屏障的移动性还受到它们在混凝土和非稳固基底中的坚固锚固的影响，由于复制地形中的非规则结构的限制和对沙袋的困难且较差的操作——这可引起健康问题、要求大量的劳动力——且最后还由于它们较差的储藏能力和用于运输沙子的费用而导致的缺点给出了改进这种防洪屏障结构的空间，这些防洪屏障在无坚固锚固元件时可移动，可便于携带、安装、拆卸和存储，且对于坚固的和非坚固的基岩将是可用的。
这种努力的结果是本发明中所描述的自填充防洪包。
发明内容
上述缺点通过根据本发明的自填充防洪包而被消除，根据本发明的自填充防洪包的特征在于，包括至少两个封闭的腔室，所述腔室通过字母“T”形式的终端轭状件(terminal yoke)互相连接，其中，所述腔室至少部分地填充有超强吸水剂的混合物。字母“T”形式的终端轭状件包括至少两个金属或塑料的操作孔眼。所述孔眼用于通过穿过这些孔眼拉绳子、将这些自填充防洪包绑在一起和可能的锚固绳子来加强所建立的防洪壁。孔眼也用于通过它们的去除而操作这些自填充防洪包。超强吸水剂(SAP)自身可以为模制的条带、栅格形式或颗粒物或胶状物形式。超强吸水剂的混合物可基于交联聚丙烯酸酯如聚丙烯酰胺共聚物和聚丙烯酸、淀粉共聚物、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、变性纤维素。超强吸水剂的混合物与润湿剂和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮放置在腔室内，以保证与水接触后的超强吸水剂的迅速膨胀。自填充防洪包，即在模块的整个截面中腔室和/或字母“T”形式的终端轭状件由具有较高吸水能力的聚酯织物制成，并且抑制胶状物颗粒、超强吸收剂颗粒泄露到自填充防洪包的表面，因而使填充满的自填充防洪包的滑动显著减小。
根据实用新型的自填充防洪包的结构的优点从其效果而显而易见，该效果在外侧显现。本发明的效果尤其在于所提出的结构性解决方案具有适于运输和操作的较低重量。他们可以直接地被使用。通过介入而制备自填充防洪包在操作中要求用于工作、操作和运输的非常低的花费，因为甚至是成千上万的自填充防洪包能被舒适且迅速地运输到介入地点。大量自填充防洪包的储存十分简单并且是长期的，例如大于5年。他们的应用十分简单，因为倒入到水中的未展开的(收缩的，deflated)自填充防洪包由于吸收/接纳水分能在5到7分钟之内膨胀至全容积。自填充防洪包可重复地使用并且是环境地可接受的。根据本发明，这些自填充防洪包尤其考虑用于：
-居住物、行政管理物、和工业物的保护；
-污水的去除；
-游泳池和澡池的保护，使其免于洪水的渗透；
-通道和排水管区域的保护；
-挖掘处洪水和降雨的吸收；
-建筑地面、公路和建筑物的防水；
-地下车库和地下室的保护和排水；
-水流的转向和管理。
附图说明
根据本发明的自填充防洪包将基于图中所示的特定实施例被进一步地说明，其中，图1示出了一个具有两个腔室的一个未展开的自填充防洪包的三维视图，其中还示出了其剖视图A-A。图2示出了自填充防洪包的细节B处的剖视图。图3示出了由彼此堆叠的自填充防洪包形成的建构的防洪壁。
具体实施方式
应理解的是，根据本发明的自填充防洪包的特定实施例仅示出用于阐释性目的而不限制技术方案。在使用或多或少的常规实验的情况下，本领域技术人员将发现或者能够发现根据本发明的自填充防洪包的特定实施例的很多等同替代方案。这些等同替代方案也将落入下面权利要求书的范围内。
本领域技术人员可以没有任何困难地设定该自填充防洪包的尺寸以及选择合适的材料和结构布置，因此这些特征没有被详细地示出。
示例1
在发明主题的特定实施例的该示例中，描述了自填充防洪包的第一布置，如图1和2所示出的。该自填充防洪包包括两个封闭的腔室1，腔室1通过字母“T”形式的终端轭状件2互相连接并且由具有较高吸水能力的聚酯织物制成。腔室1填充有超强吸水剂3的颗粒状或胶状混合物，超强吸水剂3基于交联聚丙烯酸脂：聚丙烯酰胺共聚物和聚丙烯酸连同聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。字母“T”形式的终端轭状件2包括两个金属的操作孔眼4。在图3中示出了建造好的防洪壁，该防洪壁包括彼此堆叠的自填充防洪包，其中可以看到终端轭状件2的非新颖性功能，即提供了稳定性和堆叠的自填充防洪包的水密性，因为一排中的终端轭状件2由较低排和较高排的堆叠的自填充防洪包的腔室1推动。
示例2
在发明主题的特定实施例的该示例中，描述了自填充防洪包的第二布置。该自填充防洪包在前面例子中充分地描述。不同仅仅在于吸收剂的形式不同。在该例子中，腔室1充满有栅格式条带状的模制的超强吸水剂3。另一差别在于终端轭状件2由塑料制成。
示例3
在发明主题的特定实施例的该示例中，描述了自填充防洪包的第三布置。该自填充防洪包在前面例子中充分地描述。不同仅仅在于腔室1的数目，三个腔室1通过自填充防洪包的两个终端轭状件2互相连接。字母“T”形式的终端轭状件包括三个金属的操作孔眼4。
工业应用
根据本发明的自填充防洪包应用在用于防洪坝和屏障的构建的水供应管理和用于干燥湿泞空间的建筑工业领域中。

Claims (6)

1.自填充防洪包，其特征在于，所述自填充防洪包包括至少两个封闭的腔室(1)，所述封闭的腔室(1)通过字母“T”形式的终端轭状件(2)互相连接，其中，至少腔室(1)由具有高吸水能力的聚酯织物制成，腔室(1)至少部分地填充有超强吸水剂(3)的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自填充防洪包，其特征在于，所述字母“T”形式的终端轭状件(2)由具有高吸水能力的聚酯织物制成并且包括至少两个操作孔眼(4)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自填充防洪包，其特征在于，所述字母“T”形式的终端轭状件(2)由塑料制成并且包括至少两个操作孔眼(4)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自填充防洪包，其特征在于，所述超强吸水剂(3)呈模制的条带形式、或颗粒形式、或胶状物形式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自填充防洪包，其特征在于，所述超强吸水剂(3)基于交联聚丙烯酸脂。
6.根据权利要求1至7中至少任一项所述的自填充防洪包，其特征在于，在所述腔室(1)内放置有润湿剂和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
CN201580018767.XA 2014-04-09 2015-04-09 自填充防洪包 Pending CN106164378A (zh)

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SKPUV50039-2014 2014-04-09
SK50039-2014U SK7101Y1 (sk) 2014-04-09 2014-04-09 Samoplniace protipovodňové vrece
SK212015 2015-04-07
SKPP21-2015 2015-04-07
PCT/SK2015/000001 WO2015156743A1 (en) 2014-04-09 2015-04-09 Self-filling flood-protection bag

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