CN106157220A - A kind of urban ecological net construction method based on least cost distance model - Google Patents
A kind of urban ecological net construction method based on least cost distance model Download PDFInfo
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- CN106157220A CN106157220A CN201610551705.1A CN201610551705A CN106157220A CN 106157220 A CN106157220 A CN 106157220A CN 201610551705 A CN201610551705 A CN 201610551705A CN 106157220 A CN106157220 A CN 106157220A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of urban ecological net construction method based on least cost distance model, including: step (1), carry out land type classification according to captured soil remote sensing images, determine the Resistance Value of resistance area corresponding to every kind of land type, select ecological node, according to ecological node data, soil is reclassified, generate resistance grid；Step (2), utilize the spatial analysis minimum range module of GIS software, the least cost distance between cycle calculations each two ecology node；Until the expense of acquisition distance grid, generate view resistance area and minimum cost path according to expense distance grid；After step (3), respectively extraction each two ecological internodal least cost distance, simulate the ecology corridor between two ecological nodes, utilize multiple ecology corridor to build urban ecological net.Amount of calculation needed for the present invention utilizes least cost distance model to build ecology corridor is less, it is adaptable to larger range of ecological network builds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological network constructing technology field, particularly relate to the construction method of a kind of urban network.
Background technology
Least cost distance is a kind of computational methods of analysis of network, and this method is used for species conservation, conservation of nature
District's functional planning, the determination on animal habitat ground, Regional Ecological Security Pattern's design, soil and landscape utilization general layout, and city
The aspects such as Green Space Construction planning.This model can measure multiple space motion process, and it substantially reflects heterogeneous landscape to certain
Plant the overall drag of space motion process.
Along with the progress faster of urbanization, city expansion causes vegetation, greenery patches to be occupied or fragmentation, thus brings
Direct result is exactly the forfeiture of species habitat, and bio-diversity degree reduces.The topmost function of ecology corridor is to provide life
The passage that thing is migrated, migrates offer place for species between different habitats, and the flowing to nature and gene is significant.
It addition, ecology corridor is also equipped with purifying contaminated thing, the Ecosystem Service such as prevent erosion.In recent years Planning preparation personnel and
Environmentalist gradually payes attention to the protection of bio-diversity, when research and formulation Correlative plan, is perched by protection species
Be placed on important position, the Ecosystem Service region that some are important is classified as non-development zones.As time goes on, grind
Study carefully personnel and recognize that only protection habitat is inadequate, although this mode saves part habitat, but the most all becomes
The most ecological isolated island one by one, between different habitats, species group meets with misfortune to maintain the circulation of normal matter and energy, thing
The effect that species diversity keeps is limited, and ecology corridor effect in species keep can not be ignored.Although it has been recognized that
Build and improve the importance of ecological network by setting up ecology corridor, the method master of current ecology corridor identification and extraction
The EcoNet software having simulation and analyze ecological network characteristic, uses the Analysis andSimulation of Econetwork software of Matlab language development,
Additionally also have the modes such as Ecopath, Wand software, but these software obtains difficult, relatively costly, or operation complexity.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed based on prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of urban ecology based on least cost distance model
Network establishing method, utilizes shortest path first based on raster data, it is achieved ecology corridor identification easy to use and extraction
Method.
The invention discloses a kind of urban ecological net construction method based on least cost distance model, the method includes
Following steps:
Step 1, carry out land type classification according to captured soil remote sensing images, determine that every kind of land type is corresponding
The Resistance Value of resistance area, selects ecological node, is reclassified in soil according to ecological node data, using Resistance Value as
The cell value of resistance grid in little expense distance model, generates resistance grid；
Step 2, in least cost distance model, first determine that the ecological node as source point sets up source grid, simultaneously root
Set up resistance grid according to the Resistance Value of different landscape, be then based on source grid and resistance grid the two figure layer, utilize GIS software
Spatial analysis minimum range module, the least cost distance between cycle calculations each two ecology node；Until acquisition expense
Distance grid, utilizes ARCGIS spatial analysis instrument to transfer least cost distance grid to least cost distance vector, according to soil
Utilize categorical data generate view resistance area, with least cost distance grid generate minimum cost path；
After step 3, respectively extraction each two ecological internodal least cost distance, simulate between two ecological nodes
Ecology corridor, ARCGIS spatial model composer is integrated into a module, and utilizes multiple ecology corridor to build city
City's ecological network.
Compared with prior art, the present invention utilizes least cost distance model to build the amount of calculation needed for ecology corridor more
Little, it is adaptable to larger range of ecological network builds.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the construction method flow chart of the Urban Ecological Corridor of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is certain building, city land use classes view of specific embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the scattergram of certain city's ecology node of specific embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the resistance grid simulated view in certain city of specific embodiment；
Fig. 5 be specific embodiment the ecological node of certain liang between minimum cost path figure；
Fig. 6 is the ecological network simulated view of the structure of specific embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the optimization ecological network simulated view of specific embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, be a kind of based on least cost distance model the urban ecological net construction method stream of the present invention
Cheng Tu.This flow process is described in detail below:
Step 1, carry out data preparation: carry out land type classification according to captured soil remote sensing images, determine every kind
The Resistance Value of the resistance area that land type is corresponding, selects ecological node, is reclassified in soil according to ecological node data,
Using Resistance Value as the cell value of resistance grid in least cost distance model, generate resistance grid；
Step 2, utilize the spatial analysis minimum range module of GIS software, calculate the minimum between each two ecology node
Expense distance；
Least cost distance model is described below:
Least cost range equation, based on graph theory principle, can represent the minimum accumulation away from nearest source point of each grid cell
Expense distance, it is therefore an objective to be used for least cost direction and the path identifying and choosing between function source point.Its algorithm employing node/
The representation of link, the center of the most each unit is considered as a node, by " chain between each node and adjacent node
Connect " contact, each " link " is endowed a resistance value.If going to 4 direct neighbor unit i+1, its expense from unit i
Distance is place unit and the half going to unit resistance coefficient summation, it may be assumed that
Ni+1=Ni+(ri+ri+1)/2
In formula: NiAnd riIt is respectively aggregate expense and the resistance coefficient of place unit i；riAnd ri+1Respectively go to unit i+
The aggregate expense of 1 and resistance coefficient.
Owing to model is based on one eight adjacent cellular construction, organism to be considered makees diagonal motion sometimes.If from list
Unit i goes to the unit that 4 diagonal angles are adjacent, and the computing formula of its expense distance is as follows:
In least cost distance model, first determine that source point sets up source grid, simultaneously according to the view resistance of different landscape
Coefficient sets up resistance grid, is then based on source grid and 2 figure layers of resistance grid, utilizes the expense of spatial analysis in GIS software
Spacing module cycle calculations, it is thus achieved that expense distance grid, generates view resistance area finally according to expense distance grid
And minimum cost path (leas-tcostpath) (resistancesur-face).It is potential that resistance area refers to that organism moves
Probability and trend.Minimum cost path refers to life when organism is migrated between source and target plaque with maximum chances of survival
State gallery；
After step 3, respectively extraction each two ecological internodal least cost distance, simulate between two ecological nodes
Ecology corridor, ARCGIS spatial model composer is integrated into a module, and utilizes multiple ecology corridor to build city
City's ecological network.
As a example by the structure of certain city's ecology corridor and network, illustrate to utilize least cost distance model to build urban ecology net
The detailed process of network.Below as a example by the structure of certain city's urban ecological net, illustrate.
First, the TM satellite data of download carries out in ENVI remote sensing image processing software land type classify such as Fig. 2
Shown in, study area land type is divided into 4 classes, forest land, built-up areas, waters, farmland；
Utilize GIS spatial analysis instrument, extract the region (greenery patches speckle and waters) that ecological functions are preferable, area is bigger and make
For ecological node data, as shown in Figure 3.According to ecological node data, soil is carried out reclassification, generate resistance grid face, such as figure
Shown in 4.
Simulate the gallery between two ecological nodes, ARCGIS model constructor creates model, in spatial analysis work
Finding the module needed for calculating to be loaded into model constructor in tool, arrange the relevant parameter of model, by test run model, inspection model is
No wrong, if inerrancy prompting, represent that model has been set up, as shown in Figure 5.
Build the ecological network being made up of multiple gallerys: after extracting every point-to-point transmission least cost distance respectively, build common
Several networks as shown in Figure 6, wherein, network A is the original loop network interconnected between each node, at this network
The middle many that exists repeats and overlapped gallery, needs to be optimized；Network B belongs to branching networks type, is simple
Tree network, is from a central node, and ecological function flow arrives the network of other node from Centroid, is one
Plant and arrive the hierarchical network that the stream of each node is carved up by grade.Network C, D belong to the loop network forming closed-loop path, this
Network realizes between each node optimum balance state.
In practical study and work, extract ecology corridor and structure ecological network generally requires the data volume of process relatively
Greatly, the node of selection also can may have a greater change according to the size of study area area, therefore also supports in the present invention
The module batch facility that ARCGIS carries, can load the node data that be there is a need to identify and extract gallery, completes to calculate,
As shown in Figure 7.
Claims (1)
1. a urban ecological net construction method based on least cost distance model, it is characterised in that the method include with
Lower step:
Step (1), carry out land type classification according to captured soil remote sensing images, determine the resistance that every kind of land type is corresponding
The Resistance Value in power face, selects ecological node, is reclassified in soil, using Resistance Value as minimum according to ecological node data
The cell value of resistance grid in expense distance model, generates resistance grid；
Step (2), in least cost distance model, first determine that the ecological node as source point sets up source grid, simultaneously basis
The Resistance Value of different landscape sets up resistance grid, is then based on source grid and resistance grid the two figure layer, utilizes GIS software
Spatial analysis minimum range module, the least cost distance between cycle calculations each two ecology node；Until obtain expense away from
From grid, ARCGIS spatial analysis instrument is utilized to transfer least cost distance grid to least cost distance vector, according to soil
Utilize categorical data to generate view resistance area, generate minimum cost path with least cost distance grid；
After step (3), respectively extraction each two ecological internodal least cost distance, simulate between two ecological nodes
Ecology corridor, is integrated into a module in ARCGIS spatial model composer, and utilizes multiple ecology corridor to build city
Ecological network.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107194850A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-22 | 黄河科技学院 | A kind of urban-rural integration business zoology landscape security pattern construction method |
| CN108280588A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-13 | 广州地理研究所 | A kind of Ecological safety pattern's construction method based on machine learning |
| CN108805983A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-13 | 西南交通大学 | " more rule unifications " regional spatial planning data GIS- gravitational field analysis models |
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| CN102567648A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-11 | 复旦大学 | Granularity adaptive grid sampling method for green land ecological evaluation unit |
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| CN102567648A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-11 | 复旦大学 | Granularity adaptive grid sampling method for green land ecological evaluation unit |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107194850A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-22 | 黄河科技学院 | A kind of urban-rural integration business zoology landscape security pattern construction method |
| CN108280588A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-13 | 广州地理研究所 | A kind of Ecological safety pattern's construction method based on machine learning |
| CN108805983A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-13 | 西南交通大学 | " more rule unifications " regional spatial planning data GIS- gravitational field analysis models |
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Application publication date: 20161123 |