CN106153722A - The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull - Google Patents
The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull Download PDFInfo
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- CN106153722A CN106153722A CN201610458109.9A CN201610458109A CN106153722A CN 106153722 A CN106153722 A CN 106153722A CN 201610458109 A CN201610458109 A CN 201610458109A CN 106153722 A CN106153722 A CN 106153722A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
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Abstract
The invention provides the ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in a kind of unmanned boat hull, collection sample, as detection object, sets up probe array, launches ultrasound wave, arrange transceiver and for showing the display system of the signal received in described sample；Described probe array is placed on a defect detection near surface of described sample and the ultrasound wave driving signal provided in response to described transceiver is provided, driving signal from described pulser is sent to described probe array, and the described reception signal of described probe array output is processed accordingly by described receptor, wherein said computer controls described delay controller, described pulser, described receptor and described data collecting system are so that element is properly functioning；Described data collecting system processes from the reception signal of described receptor and result is delivered to display system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection of unmanned boat hull cracking extension, carry out unmanned boat ship particularly to using ultrasonic method
Body fracture propagation detection and corresponding ultrasonic crack extension detector.
Background technology
Unmanned plane summons wind and rain in scientific and technological circle with pilotless automobile, and public attention goes out to the greatest extent, and in comparison, the unmanned boat of low-key is known
Name degree is slightly inferior.Being right little, unmanned boat shrouds an air of mystery all the time, and famous " Ghost Ship " is that writer fabricates boat
The classical material of sea story, and in reality, unmanned boat is that the mind of various countries' military field is precious, is the important skill of science and technology competition
Art.At present unmanned boat is in the period of high speed development, but unmanned boat is before lower water shakes down and when operation at sea, still
So face a lot of technical bottleneck not solve.
Unmanned boat, as the term suggests, it is not necessary to it is manipulated by human driver, its will alone in the face of harsh sea or
Other conditions waterborne, therefore require the highest to the robustness of hull, and hull must be split before lower water shakes down by unmanned boat
Seam extension carries out narrow examination, otherwise runs under extreme climate and hydrological environment, can only abandon unmanned boat, and economic loss is very
Considerable.
Generally, the detection under water of unmanned hull is implemented by diver or remote control underwater ship, in addition to visual inspection, also uses
Closed-circuit television, the technology such as magnetic powder, but these testing costs are expensive, have danger to diver, and Detection results largely takes
Certainly in season and weather conditions, conventional method can not early stage of fatigue failure stage investigated and prosecuted timely and place under repair immediately with
Smile, and unmanned boat corrosion of steel PROPAGATION OF FATIGUE CRACK would generally extend over time, therefore the invention provides one and adopts
The technology design being monitored with ultrasound modalities.
Summary of the invention
Therefore on the one hand the purpose of the present invention is to provide the ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in a kind of unmanned boat hull,
Comprise the steps:
(1) collect sample as detection object, set up probe array, in sample launch ultrasound wave, arrange transceiver with
And it is used for showing the display system of the signal received；
(2) described probe array is placed on a defect detection near surface of sample producing carried in response to transceiver
The ultrasound wave driving signal of confession, the ultrasound wave that probe array sends is through sample propagation, probe array detection echo；
(3) according to detected echo echo, probe array produce and receive signal accordingly, receive signal defeated
Enter to transceiver；
(4) transceiver includes computer, delay controller, pulser, receptor and data collecting system, will be from arteries and veins
The driving signal rushing device is sent to probe array, and is processed the reception signal of probe array output accordingly by receptor, wherein
Computer controls delay controller, and pulser, receptor and data collecting system are so that element is properly functioning；
(5) data collecting system processes from the reception signal of receptor and result is delivered to display system；Its
In when obtain as defect instruction echo post processing receive signal process as follows:
(5-1) first, using the presence or absence of common angle defect detecting technique inspection instruction, angled axial wave lacks
The angle initialization fallen in detection technique is of about 45 degree, or the position adjusting ultrasonic sensor or probe is angled to be formed
The instruction result of longitudinal wave technology can be revealed near the A of region, wherein A scope in region is defined as: by far-end table
The degree of depth in face is multiplied by 1/cos45 and obtains the propagation distance of 45 degree of echoes, and meanwhile, repeatedly the propagation time of echo is approximately corresponding remote
1.5 times of end surfaces；
(5-2) then, whether the echo in the B of inspection area occurs so that it is determined that whether the echo caused by ID creeping wave goes out
Existing, wherein B scope in region is defined as: use ID creeping wave to carry out in the judgement of defect presence or absence, it is assumed that for angularly
The probe array of axial wave defect detection is positioned at angle and is about the position of 45 degree；
(5-3) last, whether the echo in the C of inspection area occurs so that it is determined that whether the echo that shape transformation waveguide causes goes out
Existing, wherein C scope in region is defined as: in using shape transformation ripple to judge whether defect exists, angled longitudinal wave defect is examined
Survey the probe array used and suppose to be placed on the position of about 45 degree；
(5-4) when any one step discovery signal in step (5-1)-(5-3), instruction is considered rift defect and causes
's.
2, preferred, delay controller controls the time of pulser output drive signal and controls receptor (102D) and send
Receive signal input time, so can according to phased-array technique obtain probe array operation.
Preferably, the wherein number of times of echo, by the many bottoms caused by the probe array of ultrasound wave fracture propagation detection
The number of times of echo directly obtains or by using the extra many bottoms of probe measurement that vertically can send ultrasound wave to return
The number of times of sound the number of times measured by using obtain, or the wall thickness of axial/shear wave velocity in sample and sample is known
In the case of, by wall thickness is obtained divided by the calculation of axially/shear wave velocity.
Preferably, the probe array with Optimum cross section bus, i.e. acquisition longitudinal wave and shearing wave main beam are used
Transmission and the minimizing of harshness projection, corresponding to the round trip propagation time in the case of the wall thickness summation of longitudinal wave and shearing
In the case of ripple wall thickness, the reception signal in the time range of round trip propagation time shows on screen.
Preferably, wherein detection OD creeping wave causes from the total degree that chink surface carries out propagating in step (5-2)
Whether echo occurs judges.
Further object is that offer is a kind of and perform the ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull
Ultrasonic crack extension detector, including probe array, in sample launch ultrasound wave, it is provided that drive signal ultrasound wave
And receive and produced the corresponding transceiver receiving signal and for showing the display system of the signal received by probe array
System；Transceiver includes computer, delay controller, pulser, receptor and data collecting system, by driving from pulser
Dynamic signal is sent to probe array, and is processed the reception signal of probe array output accordingly by receptor, its Computer control
Delay controller processed, pulser, receptor and data collecting system are so that element is properly functioning；At data collecting system
Manage from the reception signal of receptor and result is delivered to display system.
Preferably, probe array is substantially made up of multiple ultrasound sensor element.
Preferably, ultrasound sensor element is synthesis piezoelectrics, and it includes a PZT piezoelectric ceramics, is embedded into polymerization
In body material.
According to below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing detailed description to the specific embodiment of the invention, those skilled in the art will be brighter
Above-mentioned and other purposes, advantage and the feature of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Describe some specific embodiments of the present invention the most by way of example, and not by way of limitation in detail.
Reference identical in accompanying drawing denotes same or similar parts or part.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these
Accompanying drawing is not necessarily drawn to scale.The target of the present invention and feature will be apparent from view of the description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing,
In accompanying drawing:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a block diagram, is used for explaining that the unmanned boat hull ultrasound wave crack according to the first embodiment of the present invention is expanded
Exhibition detection method and ultrasonic detector.
Accompanying drawing 2 is a block diagram, represents the group of probe (ultrasonic sensor) array used in first embodiment of the invention
Become example；
Accompanying drawing 3A-3C is a chart, is used for explaining longitudinal wave that ultrasonic sensor produces/cut ripple main beam and harshness
Projection；Wherein A: shearing wave harshness projection；B: shearing wave main beam；C: longitudinal wave main beam, accompanying drawing 3A, 3B, 3C draw condition
For: cell pitch: 1/2 wavelength；1/3 wavelength and 1/4 wavelength,
Transverse axis is: the angle of incidence (spending) of sample；The longitudinal axis is: related amplitude value；
Accompanying drawing 4 is schematic diagram, is used for explaining ID creep technology；
Accompanying drawing 5 is schematic diagram, is used for explaining shape transformation technology；
Accompanying drawing 6 is a form, is used for explaining the velocity of wave in longitudinal wave/cut wave velocity and different solid；
Accompanying drawing 7 is a schematic diagram, for Angle of Interpretation fracture propagation Detection Techniques；
Accompanying drawing 8A-8E is theory diagram, represents the multiple reflection Bottom echo in sample and display image；
Accompanying drawing 9 is theory diagram, represents the display packing used in first embodiment of the invention；
Accompanying drawing 10 is schematic diagram, represents the display packing used in second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference now to accompanying drawing, the description of details will be provided according to the present invention.The sample showed with frame on every figure is also
Represent tubular specimen section axially and the sample of that section configuration.
Embodiment 1
Accompanying drawing 1 is a block diagram, is used for explaining the ultrasound wave crack of the unmanned boat hull according to the first embodiment of the present invention
Extension detection method and ultrasonic detector.The embodiment represented in accompanying drawing 1 includes that sample 100 is as detection object, probe
Array 101, launches ultrasound wave, transceiver 102 and display system 103 in sample 100, is used for showing the signal received.
In first embodiment, to being used for finding the fracture propagation inspection of the fracture propagation (fracture propagation) of the distal surface leading to sample 100
Survey example can explain.
Probe array 101 is placed on a fracture propagation searching surface (near surface) of sample 100 and produces in response to receipts
Send out the ultrasound wave driving signal that device 102 is provided.The ultrasound wave that probe array 101 sends is propagated through sample 101, probe battle array
Row 101 detect echo.It is imported into according to the reception signal that detected echo (echo) is produced by probe array 101
Transceiver 102.
Transceiver 102 includes computer 102A, delay controller 102B, pulser 102C, receptor 102D and data
Acquisition system 102E.Driving signal from pulser 102C is sent to probe array 101, and corresponding by probe array 101
The reception signal of output is by receptor 102D process.
Computer 102A controls delay controller 102B, pulser 102C, receptor 102D and data collecting system
102E is so that element is properly functioning.
Delay controller 102B controls the time of pulser 102C output drive signal and controls what receptor 102D sent
Receive the input time of signal, so can obtain the operation of probe array according to phased-array technique.
Data collecting system 102E processes from the reception signal of receptor 102D and result is delivered to display system
System 103.The operation of display system 103 will be described in detail below.
It follows that the operation of probe array 101 will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing 2.Accompanying drawing 2 is schematic diagram, represents probe battle array
The basic composition of major part of row 101.As in figure 2 it is shown, probe array is substantially made up of multiple ultrasound sensor element 201.
In this embodiment, synthesis piezoelectrics (also referred to as " compound body ") includes a PZT piezoelectric ceramics, is embedded into poly-
In polymer material, for the example of ultrasound sensor element 201.In this case, the ginseng of the performance of probe array 101 is determined
Number includes cell pitch P.
Cross section bus P is a length, by element width W of ultrasound sensor element 201 is added two elements
Between clearance G obtain.Cell pitch P is that a main beam determining probe array 101 generates and the master of harshness projection
Want the factor.
As described in the background art, the generation of traditional technical concerns longitudinal wave, thus for producing longitudinal wave
The design of ultrasound sensor element is primarily upon on the overlapping longitudinal wave generated of the ultrasound wave sent by element.Therefore,
In order to prevent the harshness projection (ultrasound wave does not has incident path direction desirably to propagate) about longitudinal wave from producing, single
Unit's pitch is typically set to the 1/2 of wavelength.
Here, will be with reference to the effect of accompanying drawing 3A, 3B and 3C Interpretation unit pitch.First, there is shown calculate and include 24 units
The ultrasound wave of the longitudinal wave propagated in ferrum with 60 degree of angles is included produced by the probe array of part.
Accompanying drawing 3A represents the main beam obtained time the cell pitch in traditional probe array is set as wavelength 1/2 and ear-piercing
Sound projection.Accompanying drawing 3B represents the situation of cell pitch length is reduced to wavelength 1/4.Accompanying drawing 3C represents what the present invention proposed
The length (the 1/3 of wavelength) that cell pitch uses.
As it can be seen, the cell pitch (1/3 wavelength) of traditional cell pitch (1/2 wavelength) and the present invention all can be in advance
Determine to produce at 60 degree of direction main beam (longitudinal wave).
But, if focus is placed on the shearing wave produced with longitudinal wave by us simultaneously, although ripple should only include
The main beam propagated along the direction of approximation 29 degree, but Fig. 3 A uses conventional elements pitch still it can be seen that produce at approximation-40 degree
Raw other shearing waves (harshness projection).
Meanwhile, in the case of accompanying drawing 3C uses the cell pitch (1/3 wavelength) of the present invention, even if being generated by probe array
Shearing wave only include main beam, it can be seen that the cross section main beam of the present invention meets too about the situation of shearing wave.
In the case of accompanying drawing 3B, cell pitch length reduces from 1/3 wavelength further, because in longitudinal wave and shearing wave
Harshness projection is not all had to produce, so also without the problem what is special.But, if we note that longitudinal wave,
The half width position ratio of the main beam propagated along 60 degree of directions (hereinafter referred to as " directivity angle ") in figure 3b is in accompanying drawing 3C
Become wider (approximating 20 degree).Due to widening of directivity angle, the determination receiving signal (from the echo of reflector) direction becomes
Obtain difficult.
But, in order to use probe array implement ID creep technology or shape transformation technology to produce longitudinal ultrasonic ripple and
Shearing wave, it is necessary to make the longitudinal wave of generation and shearing wave only comprise master in the case of certain limit keeping directivity angle
Bundle, the echo direction that such reflector receives can determine.
For the foregoing reasons, the present invention used when longitudinal wave is propagated along 90 degree of directions when, will not shear wave angle
The condition of harshness projection is generated as the standard determining cell pitch in degree scope (shearing wave critical angle).
The wavelength of longitudinal wave during wherein " λ " represents sample, " v " represents the velocity of wave of longitudinal wave in sample, and " Vs " represents sample
The velocity of wave of middle creeping wave.
The ratio (V/Vs: ripple ratio) between creep velocity of wave Vs in longitudinal velocity of wave V and solid is as shown in Figure 6 at a lot of gold
Belong to internal and be about 2.
Therefore, the result of induction and conclusion formula (4), it is considered herein that optimal cell pitch is about longitudinal wave wavelength
1/3 (from 1/4 wavelength to 1/2 wavelength).
Such as, when the longitudinal velocity of wave in sample is 6000m/s and the ultrasonic frequency that in this case uses is 2MHz,
The cell pitch optimum cell pitch as the embodiment of the present invention of 1.0mm can be selected.
In this case, cross-sectional width W=0.9mm and both gap G=0.1mm is used.Such as, there is no harshness
The longitudinal ultrasonic ripple of projection and shearing ultrasound wave all can be sent and received.
It follows that will be as follows for the method carrying out showing by fracture propagation result of detection according to embodiments of the invention
It is described.The spread speed of the shearing wave that creeping wave and shape transformation ripple are characterised by sample is than the velocity of wave of axial wave
Low.
Therefore, ID creeping wave and shape transformation ripple need the more propagation time, until probe receives echo, with logical
Normal angled longitudinal wave fracture propagation Detection Techniques are compared, and the latter only processes the propagation of longitudinal wave.
Accompanying drawing 7 represents that 45 degree are at an angle of wave propagation lengthwise road under longitudinal wave (launch with 45 degree of angles and receive longitudinal wave) technology
The sketch in footpath, this technology is widely used in angled longitudinal wave technology.In this case, what ultrasonic sensor sent is vertical
Arriving reflector 702 to ripple 701, by a corner reflection on reflector top, returning to ultrasonic sensor becomes longitudinal wave 703, so
After by ultrasonic sensor with signal receive.
Compared with 45 degree of angle longitudinal wave technology in accompanying drawing 7, the ID creep skill of the present invention is seen in the explanation of reference accompanying drawing 4,5
The propagation path of art or shape transformation technology is more complicated and longer.Therefore, for suitable display echo (echo),
It is necessary according to certain propagation time one section of reasonable time cycle continuously display echo.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the time span about the many Bottom echos produced in sample determines ripple for conduct
The standard in shape display propagation time.Accompanying drawing 8A-8E is schematic diagram, represents phased-array technique (angle of incidence of electron scanning ultrasound wave)
The visualization of many Bottom echos and the propagation path example of multiple reflection is obtained in flat sample.
Probe array is placed on the near surface of sample, forms multiple reflections between near surface and the distal surface of sample.Attached
Fig. 8 A-8E summarizes the Echo pattern included in multiple reflections according to the ascending order in propagation time.Many Bottom echos are from five
Individual event, is actually received by probe array.
Therefore, in embodiments of the invention, the recognizability of ID creeping wave and shape transformation ripple is in view of following five
Increased in the case of time span.
The first of round trip propagation time the reverse echo time in the case of wall thickness corresponding to longitudinal wave；(accompanying drawing 8A)
Corresponding to one way travel time in the case of the wall thickness of longitudinal wave with corresponding to the wall thickness one way travel time of shearing wave
The summation of time；(accompanying drawing 8B)
Corresponding to longitudinal wave the second of round trip propagation time reverse echo time in the case of twice wall thickness；(accompanying drawing 8C)
During corresponding to one way travel time in the case of three times of wall thickness of longitudinal wave with corresponding to the wall thickness one-way only propagation of shearing wave
Between time；(accompanying drawing 8D)
Corresponding to round trip propagation time in the case of the wall thickness of longitudinal wave with corresponding to the wall thickness round trip propagation time of shearing wave
Temporal summation (accompanying drawing 8E)
Here, the line 110 shown in the display system 103 in accompanying drawing 1 represents corresponding to longitudinal wave round trip propagation time
Time (the first Bottom echo) (respective figure 8A or (1)).In other words, the distal surface of line 110 representative sample.Similar
, line 111 represents corresponding to accompanying drawing 8B or the time of (2), and line 112 represents corresponding to accompanying drawing 8C or the time of (3), line
113 represented corresponding to accompanying drawing 8D or the time of (4), and line 114 represented corresponding to accompanying drawing 8E or the time of (5).
As according to the present invention for showing the display packing of result, with the time span of many Bottom echos (or by
Time span is multiplied by the distance that velocity of wave obtains) corresponding line, as shown in Figure 1, or with many ETs length (or
It is multiplied by the distance that velocity of wave obtains by time span) corresponding concentric circular.It is also possible for two kinds of display packings being combined.
It follows that method for waveform identification example will illustrate with reference to accompanying drawing 9 according to an embodiment of the invention.At this
In example, the object that performs setting ultrasound wave fracture propagation detection method (splits as the fracture propagation that has leading to its distal surface
Seam extension) sample.When obtaining the echo as fracture propagation instruction (being hereafter referred to as " instruction "), the district shown in accompanying drawing 9
Territory fracture propagation to be checked for, flow process is as follows:
First, common angle fracture propagation detection technique (S904) is used to check the presence or absence of instruction, angled axle
Angle initialization in ripple fracture propagation detection technique is of about 45 degree, or adjust ultrasonic sensor (probe) position this
The instruction result of sample angled longitudinal wave technology can be revealed near region 901, as shown in accompanying drawing 9 (S905).
Finally, whether the echo in inspection area 903 occurs so that it is determined that the echo caused by ID creeping wave (S906) is
No appearance.Finally, the echo in inspection area 902 whether occur so that it is determined that the echo that causes of shape transformation ripple (S907) whether
Occur.
When step S904, S906 or S907 finding, signal, instruction are considered what fracture propagation caused.
Here, before explaining the example carrying out fracture propagation detection using instruction concrete, in accompanying drawing 9 in each step
The feature in the region (i.e. region 901,902 and 903 in accompanying drawing 9) that each signal occurs will be explained in detail.
<region 901>
The degree of depth of distal surface is multiplied by 1/cos45 and obtains the propagation distance of 45 degree of echoes.Meanwhile, repeatedly echo (1)
Propagation time is approximately 1.5 times of respective distal end surface, because the ratio between longitudinal velocity of wave V and shear wave velocity Vs in solid
V/Vs is approximately 2, as shown in Figure 6.
Due to two propagation time approximately equals, the echo (longitudinal wave) received at about 45 degree is in region 901
Neighbouring display (wherein camber line B and 45 degree of lines corresponding to repeatedly echo (2) intersect).
<region 903>
ID creeping wave is used to carry out in the judgement of fracture propagation presence or absence, it is assumed that for angled axial wave crack
The probe array of extension detection is positioned at the angle, θ shown in Fig. 7, about 45 degree.
So, the echo that ID creeping wave causes in region 903 (by two propagation times (accompanying drawing 8C and accompanying drawing 8E) and ID
Fracture propagation detection angle (70 degree and the 90 degree) border of creeping wave surrounds) in display, and based on the signal in region whether
Occur judging whether fracture propagation.
<region 902>
In using shape transformation ripple to judge whether fracture propagation exists, angled longitudinal wave fracture propagation detection uses
Probe array supposes to be placed on the angular position shown in Fig. 7, about 45 degree.
So, the echo that shape transformation wave-wave causes region 902 (by two propagation times (accompanying drawing 8B and accompanying drawing 8D) with
And fracture propagation detection angle (the about 60 degree) border of shape transformation ripple surrounds) interior display, and based on the signal in region
May determine that the approximate altitude of fracture propagation.
What shape transformation ripple sent allows the fracture propagation height of reception of echoes, and ripple ratio V/Vs is respectively 2,1.5 and 2.5
Situation.In chart, longitudinal velocity of wave V is fixed on 5900m/s and shear-wave velocity and changes according to ripple ratio V/Vs.Although three kinds
In the case of due to ripple ratio V/Vs different (2+/-0.5) slightly difference, but when fracture propagation is highly close to hull thickness 1/3
Or the echo more often, shape transformation ripple caused can be received.
On display screen, the near surface of sample and territory, cue field (corresponding incident angle range and the propagation of ultrasound wave
Time is sector) show.Such as, as set angular range be set to-5 degree to 85 degree, the propagation time be set as corresponding to indulge
Round trip propagation time under the hull wall depth information of round trip propagation time and shearing wave under total hull wall depth information of ripple
Time.
In territory, cue field, due between proximal end face and the distal surface of sample produce multiple echoes thus produce
Reception signal be shown as many Bottom echos signal.In this case, what fracture propagation result of detection can be rough be divided into as
Lower three groups.
First group is following situation, and wherein the instruction in angled longitudinal wave technology (about 45 degree) is in region 901
Display (explaining by reference to accompanying drawing 9), the instruction that ID creeping wave produces shows in region 903 and (carries out referring also to accompanying drawing 9
Explain), and shape transformation ripple produce instruction in region 902, show (explaining referring also to accompanying drawing 9).
In this case, it is obtained by angled longitudinal wave and ID creeping wave two kinds due to indicate, therefore passes through
The echo that the part (wherein fracture propagation may produce) considered is sent should be caused by fracture propagation through judgement.
Owing to also have received shape transformation ripple, fracture propagation is highly the 1/3 of hull thickness or more, and therefore fracture propagation is considered
It it is relatively large fracture propagation.
Second group is following situation, wherein obtains instruction (seeing accompanying drawing 9) in region 901 and 903, in region 902
There is no instruction.
In this case, instruction, instruction can be provided to recognize through judgement due to angled longitudinal wave and ID creeping wave
For being caused by fracture propagation.
But, fracture propagation under consideration is a relatively small fracture propagation through judging, has higher than hull
Spend 1/3 smaller height, because region 902 is not received by any echo from shape transformation waveform.
3rd group is following situation, and the instruction the most only provided by angled longitudinal wave shows (ginseng in region 901
See accompanying drawing 9).In this case, owing to some kinds of instruction is obtained by angled longitudinal wave, certain class reflector is likely to be at
In part in consideration (wherein fracture propagation may produce)；But, reflector is not fracture propagation through judging.
These reflectors rather than fracture propagation include, such as, due to welding or other process the sample caused (from nothing
People's ship hull) distal surface deformation or stain.
Here, there is fracture propagation in the distal surface of sample in the case of the first and the second, it is possible to obtain from one-tenth
The longitudinal wave of angle and the echo of ID creeping wave.
Meanwhile, work as crushed element, the penetrated crimping such as caused due to welding, it is present in the distal surface of sample, meeting
Receive the instruction that angled longitudinal wave produces.The fracture propagation sample reflector that sample does not vertically extend from distal surface.
Therefore, ID creeping wave will not reflect on this reflector (the penetrated crimping that welding causes etc.), and not
It is that the not instruction caused by the fracture propagation of ID creeping wave or shape transformation waveguide cause produces.
On the other hand, when sample is accredited as having fracture propagation, the Height Estimation of fracture propagation (fracture propagation) based on
The district that angularly longitudinal wave (based on the echo 3102 from fracture propagation tip and the echo 3101 from chink) causes
The echo of display in territory 901.
Here, when using inappropriate cell pitch (according to embodiments of the invention, different from optimum cell pitch),
Owing to there is no suitable cell pitch, in enabling longitudinal wave and shearing wave transmission at a predetermined angle, sample, produce cacophony
Sound projection, therefore many Bottom echos signal predetermined taught angle and is shown on the some parts of screen according to being different from.
Owing to producing in the effect of signals region 901,902 and 903 that harshness projection (noise as on screen) causes
The judgement whether signal occurs.
As it was previously stated, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, use the probe array with Optimum cross section bus (to obtain vertical
To the minimizing that ripple and the transmission of shearing wave main beam and harshness are raised), corresponding to the wall thickness summation situation of longitudinal wave
Under round trip propagation time and shearing wave wall thickness in the case of round trip propagation time time range in reception signal at screen
Upper display, the angle of incidence of five repeatedly BE (accompanying drawing 8A-8E) and ultrasound wave is especially needed considers to receive signal, so
Even if use probe array, it is also possible to provide and there is growing reliability, in addition to common angled longitudinal wave technology
Ultrasonic crack extension detection method and the ultrasound wave crack that can also realize ID creeping wave technology and shape transformation technology are expanded
Exhibition detector.
Further, since repeatedly the number of times of BE directly obtains from the repeatedly BE caused by probe array, its
Ultrasound wave fracture propagation detection in the examples such as probe array is used for accompanying drawing 1,8A-8E, in embodiments of the invention, also having can
Can by vertical direction use probe emission ultrasonic measurement repeatedly bottom surface echo number of times and use measured by test.
Meanwhile, when the wall thickness of the longitudinal direction/shear wave velocity in sample and sample is it is known that also be able to obtain repeatedly by calculating
The number of times of bottom surface echo (by by wall thickness divided by longitudinal direction/shear wave velocity etc.).In the case of following, the wherein shearing wave in sample
Speed is not known, then the half of longitudinal velocity of wave can be used for the rough estimate of shear wave velocity.
Embodiment 2
It follows that ultrasound wave fracture propagation detection is applicable to lead to the fracture propagation (crack of its near surface when sample has
Extension) in the case of, this will be described as the second embodiment of the present invention.Probe array in second embodiment and
System composition and first embodiment for fracture propagation detection are identical.
Therefore detailed below is explained and is shown being based primarily upon fracture propagation result of detection and the identification of waveform.Use into
In the fracture propagation detection that the longitudinal wave technology of angle is carried out, splitting of sample near surface is led to for finding in ultrasonic transmission path
Seam extension (fracture propagation), has two kinds of situations, and one is that fracture propagation height (degree of depth) is relatively small, and another kind is fracture propagation
The most relatively large.
Fracture propagation is the least, and the angle that the longitudinal wave that ultrasonic sensor sends is reflected to fracture propagation reflector is attached
Closely, and the longitudinal wave that reflects is returned directly to ultrasonic sensor and is received as signal.
Longitudinal wave is propagated, about between 70 degree to 90 degree with the direction of corresponding incident angle.Such longitudinal wave is claimed
For " OD creeping wave ".
Fracture propagation is the biggest, and the longitudinal wave that ultrasonic sensor sends is reflected to the tip of fracture propagation reflector
Near, and the longitudinal wave reflected is returned directly to ultrasonic sensor and received as signal.The angle of incidence of longitudinal wave
1804 are about 60 degree (approximation is between 45 degree and 70 degree).
When reflector is the fracture propagation with certain altitude (degree of depth), and longitudinal wave reaches crack in the way lead to top
The top of extension or the somewhere on fracture propagation surface.The longitudinal wave of fracture propagation reflection returns to ultrasound wave directly through sample and passes
Sensor is also received at fracture propagation as echo (echo).
But, when the height of reflector is relatively small, fracture propagation, longitudinal wave is (at the distal surface of sample by shearing wave
Generated by shape transformation) top of fracture propagation can not be reached, top will not produce the ultrasound wave returning ultrasonic sensor.
As it was previously stated, utilize the fracture propagation detection of shape transformation technology to expand for finding the crack leading to sample near surface
Exhibition (from the shape transformation fracture propagation detection on the surface being likely to be of obvious fracture propagation), it can be estimated that potential crack is expanded
Whether exhibition has sizable height (being approximately the 2/3 of wall thickness).
It follows that in the case of execution fracture propagation detection is in order to find the fracture propagation leading to sample near surface, ripple
Shape recognition methods is, it is assumed that perform ultrasound wave fracture propagation detection for having fracture propagation (the crack expansion leading to its near surface
Exhibition) sample test.When obtaining the echo (instruction) that may indicate fracture propagation, judge whether to split according to following flow process
Seam extension.
First, instruction presence or absence is checked (S2004) by common angularly fracture propagation Detection Techniques.The step for
In, the echo reflected near the tip of fracture propagation (fracture propagation) or near angle is according to fracture propagation height quilt
Detection, as described above.
Subsequently, the position of ultrasonic sensor is adjusted so as the instruction most advanced and sophisticated from fracture propagation is by region
Show near 2001 or so as the instruction from chink is by display (S2005) near region 2003.
Finally, it will whether inspection area 2002 there is echo so that it is determined that the echo caused by shape transformation ripple whether
Occur (S2006).When step S2004 or step S2006 find signal, it is considered as indicating owing to fracture propagation causes.
Here, before using instruction to explain the instantiation of fracture propagation detection.In signal, each step is occurred
Each region (2001,2002,2003) feature will be explained.
It is total that the carrying out using the angled longitudinal wave fracture propagation detection method echo tip from fracture propagation is propagated
Number of times, namely path summation and the propagation times of repeatedly bottom surface echo, and use OD creeping wave method echo from chink
Surface carries out the total degree propagated.
It addition, when ripple ratio V/Vs is respectively 2,1.5 and 2.5, and longitudinal velocity of wave V is set in 5900m/s and shear wave velocity
Vs changes according to ripple ratio V/Vs.
Region 2001
Angularly fracture propagation detection is for selecting the fracture propagation of the fracture propagation open surface side from sample
(the ripple ratio scope that common solid has is in 2+/-0.5), the propagation time from the most advanced and sophisticated echo of fracture propagation has one
Fixed propagation path, the propagation time from the echo of chink has certain propagation path, and this echo is (vertical from OD creeping wave
To 70 degree of-90 degree of ripple) similar with the propagation time of the first bottom surface echo (accompanying drawing 8A) in sample.
Especially, in the case of 60 degree of longitudinal waves, also meet this relation (critically important between shape transformation ripple).Therefore,
Outside the echo that angularly longitudinal wave technology obtains, the echo of the chink that OD creeping wave causes is (this near region 2003
Round trip propagation time (accompanying drawing 8A) in the case of the wall thickness of place's longitudinal wave overlaps with an angular range, and refraction angle is substantially
Between 70 degree and 90 degree) display, and fracture propagation spearhead echo (this near region 2001 that angularly longitudinal wave causes
Round trip propagation time (accompanying drawing 8A) in the case of place's wall thickness overlaps with an angular range, and refraction angle is about 60 degree) aobvious
Show.
Region 2002
During using shape transformation ripple to judge whether fracture propagation exists, it is assumed that angularly longitudinal wave fracture propagation
The instruction that detection produces carries out showing or showing near region 2001 in region 2001.
The velocity of wave ratio V/Vs of ordinary solid is about in the range of 2+/-0.5, even if in angled longitudinal wave technology
60 degree about 5 degree can be deviateed, coming and going of shape transformation ripple for receiving the fracture propagation detection angle of fracture propagation spearhead echo
Propagation time is still in the time between the corresponding following two time: longitudinal wave in the case of three times of wall thickness one way travel time with
Shearing wave one way travel time sum (accompanying drawing 8D) in the case of wall thickness and corresponding to longitudinal wave list in the case of wall thickness
Journey propagation time and shearing wave one way travel time (accompanying drawing 8B) in the case of wall thickness.
So, the echo that shape transformation ripple causes can be in region 2002 (by two propagation times (accompanying drawing 8B and accompanying drawing 8D)
And the fracture propagation detection angle border (about 60 degree) of shape transformation ripple surrounds) in show, and fracture propagation
Whether approximate altitude can occur judging based on signal in region.
Allowing to receive the fracture propagation height of the echo that shape transformation ripple causes, its wave velocity ratio V/Vs is respectively 2,1.5
With the situation of 2.5, longitudinal velocity of wave is fixed as 5900m/s and shear wave velocity to be changed according to ripple ratio V/Vs.Although by three
The difference (2+/-0.5) of ripple ratio V/Vs in the case of Zhong and slightly there is difference, but when fracture propagation is highly approximately wall thickness
2/3 or echo that more often shape transformation ripple causes can also be received.
It follows that according to the fracture propagation determination methods of embodiment, when detecting execution for the fracture propagation in accompanying drawing, pass
Sensor (probe) array is placed on sample, explains with reference to accompanying drawing 1, and in sample, fracture propagation that may be present (is split
Seam extension) it is assumed to lead to the near surface of sample.
On display screen, the near surface of display sample and territory, cue field are (with ranges of incidence angles and ultrasonic propagation time
Become fan-shaped accordingly).
Such as, the scope that angle of incidence sets at-5 degree to+85 degree, and according to longitudinal wave than in the case of rear toward back pass
The summation of round trip propagation time sets the propagation time between sowing time and in the case of shearing wave wall thickness.
In territory, cue field, due between near surface and the distal surface of sample produce multiple reflections and receive letter
Number conduct repeatedly bottom surface echo signal shows.In this case, being divided into that fracture propagation result of detection can be rough is following
Three groups.
First group of situation is, what angled longitudinal wave technology (about 70 degree-90 degree) was formed appears to originate from sample
Chink near the instruction of a part show in region 2003, what angled longitudinal wave technology was formed appears to originate from splitting
The instruction at seam extension tip shows in region 2001.And the instruction formed by shape transformation ripple shows in region 2002.
In this case, it is to be obtained by the longitudinal wave technology of band angle owing to appearing to originate from the instruction of chink, comes
Cause by fracture propagation from needing the echo considering part (wherein fracture propagation may have occurred and that) to think through judgement.Due to
The instruction that shape transformation ripple causes also is received, and after sentencing end, fracture propagation is sizable fracture propagation, oily height
Degree (i.e. near surface measure the degree of depth) be about wall thickness 2/3 or more.
In the step for of, longitudinal wave technology the instruction obtained appears to originate from and fracture propagation interruption part, if right
(wall thickness 2/3 or more) estimated by crack extending depth and the shape transformation ripple that instruction carries out estimating to obtain is consistent, then
The echo from fracture propagation tip portion that fracture propagation height (degree of depth) obtains based on angled longitudinal wave technology is carried out
Assessment.
If two estimated values are inconsistent, then the echo appearing to originate from fracture propagation tip portion has captured crack
Extension tip, it is therefore desirable to other detailed fracture propagation detections.
Second group is following situation, wherein can obtain instruction in region, region 2001 and 2003 and can not in region 2002
Obtain instruction.
In this case, obtained by angled longitudinal wave technology owing to appearing to originate from the instruction of chink part, pass through
Judge to think that instruction causes owing to fracture propagation exists.But, the fracture propagation in research is to have height less than wall thickness
The relatively small Lei Feng of 2/3, because not having in region 2002 to receive the echo from shape transformation ripple.
In the step for of, if being appeared to originate from fracture propagation tip portion by what angled longitudinal wave technology obtained
The crack extending depth that instruction obtains through assessment is consistent with the estimated value of shape transformation ripple (less than wall thickness 2/3), fracture propagation
The echo from fracture propagation tip portion that highly (degree of depth) obtains based on angled longitudinal wave technology is estimated.
If two to estimate machine value inconsistent, then the echo appearing to originate from fracture propagation tip portion has captured crack
Extension tip, it is therefore desirable to other detailed fracture propagation detections.
The third situation is, is only obtained instruction by angled longitudinal wave and shows in region 2001.
(to being likely to be of in the case of the purpose of fracture propagation detection is the fracture propagation found and lead to sample near surface
Substantially the surface of fracture propagation carries out fracture propagation detection), may use under many circumstances and be different from ultrasound wave fracture propagation
(such as, liquid intrusive mood Leak Detection, eddy current fracture propagation detects the other technologies of Detection Techniques, outside naked eyes or camera
See check) obtain chink position.
If the fracture propagation position that other technologies obtain and the result one obtained by ultrasound wave fracture propagation Detection Techniques
Cause, then in region 2001, the instruction of display is it is believed that the echo that sends from that part of the sample near chink of formula.
If it addition, the fracture propagation position that ultrasound wave fracture propagation detects is runed counter to the result that other technologies obtain,
So in region 2001, the instruction of display is not likely to be the echo from chink, it is therefore necessary to need other fracture propagation to visit
Survey.In the case of above, the fracture propagation position that ultrasound wave fracture propagation detects is consistent with the result that other technologies obtain, warp
Crossing judgement and determine that fracture propagation is relatively small fracture propagation, fracture propagation is highly less than the 1/3 of wall thickness, because angularly indulging
Do not obtain echo from fracture propagation tip portion to wave technology, be not received by the echo that shape transformation ripple sends yet.
If it is possible, the fracture propagation position preferably echo shown in region 2001 and other technologies obtained for
In first and second, situation compares (explained above for the third situation), so that it is determined that do not have between result
The place runed counter to.
In the case of judging that confirmatory sample has fracture propagation, the height of fracture propagation (fracture propagation) can enter
Row is estimated.
The most in a second embodiment, in order to find the fracture propagation of the near surface leading to sample, if probe array makes
Cell pitch be different from the cell pitch being best suitable for for reducing harshness projection, then similar with first embodiment
Ground, may return the judgement whether signal in influence area 2001,2002 and 2003 occurs.
As it has been described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the crack being also look for leading to the near surface of sample is expanded
Exhibition (is likely to be of the fracture propagation detection on the surface of obvious fracture propagation), and the probe array used in it has optimum minimizing
The cross section bus of harshness projection, and the main beam of longitudinal wave and shearing wave all can be sent, it is also possible to will
With round trip propagation time in the case of round trip propagation time in the case of the wall thickness of following time, i.e. longitudinal wave and shearing wave wall thickness
In the time range that summation is corresponding, received signal shows, for receiving signal, it is especially desirable to consider five repeatedly
Bottom surface echo (accompanying drawing 8A-8E) and the angle of incidence of ultrasound wave, provided by received signal and have higher reliability, even if
The ultrasound wave using probe array also to be able to realize the shape transformation technology in addition to common angled longitudinal wave technology is visited
Survey method.
It addition, as accompanying drawing 1, the number of times of the many BEs shown in 10 grades, do not directly obtain by ultrasound wave fracture propagation
The number of times of the many BEs caused by probe array of detection, it is also possible to vertically can send ultrasound wave by using
The extra many BEs of probe measurement number of times and use measured by number of times.
Meanwhile, known to axial/shear wave velocity in sample and the wall thickness of sample in the case of, many BEs also may be used
With by calculating acquisition (by wall thickness divided by axially/shear wave velocity etc.).
When the shear wave velocity in sample is unknown, the half of longitudinal velocity of wave perhaps can be used to estimating roughly as shear wave velocity
Meter.
Although the present invention is described by reference to specific illustrative embodiment, but will not be by these embodiments
Restriction and only limited by accessory claim.Skilled artisan would appreciate that can be without departing from the present invention's
In the case of protection domain and spirit, embodiments of the invention can be modified and revise.
Claims (6)
1. the ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in a unmanned boat hull, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) collect sample (100) conduct detection object, set up probe array (101), launch ultrasonic in described sample (100)
Ripple, arranges transceiver (102) and is used for showing the display system (103) of the signal received；
(2) described probe array (101) is placed on a defect detection near surface of described sample (100) and produce in response to
The ultrasound wave driving signal that described transceiver (102) is provided, the ultrasound wave that described probe array (101) sends is through described
Sample (100) is propagated, described probe array (101) detection echo；
(3) according to detected echo echo, probe array (101) producing and receive signal accordingly, described reception is believed
Number it is imported into described transceiver (102)；
(4) described transceiver (102) includes computer (102A), delay controller (102B), pulser (102C), receptor
(102D) and data collecting system (102E), the driving signal from described pulser (102C) is sent to described probe battle array
Row (101), and processed, by described receptor (102D), the described reception signal that described probe array (101) exports accordingly, its
Described in computer (102A) control described delay controller (102B), described pulser (102C), described receptor (102D)
And described data collecting system (102E) is so that element is properly functioning；
(5) described data collecting system (102E) processes from the reception signal of described receptor (102D) and by result
Deliver to display system (103).
The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
Suddenly (5), wherein as follows when the process obtaining the echo post processing reception signal as defect instruction:
(5-1) first, using the presence or absence of common angle defect detecting technique inspection instruction, angled axial wave defect is examined
Angle initialization in survey technology is of about 45 degree, or the position adjusting ultrasonic sensor or probe is the most vertical to be formed
Can be revealed near the A of region to the instruction result of wave technology, wherein A scope in region is defined as: by distal surface
The degree of depth is multiplied by 1/cos45 and obtains the propagation distance of 45 degree of echoes, and meanwhile, repeatedly the propagation time of echo is approximately respective distal end table
1.5 times of face；
(5-2) then, whether the echo in the B of inspection area occurs so that it is determined that whether the echo caused by ID creeping wave occurs,
Wherein B scope in region is defined as: use ID creeping wave to carry out in the judgement of defect presence or absence, it is assumed that for the most axially
The probe array of ripple defect detection is positioned at angle and is about the position of 45 degree；
(5-3) last, whether the echo in the C of inspection area occurs so that it is determined that whether the echo that shape transformation waveguide causes occurs,
Wherein C scope in region is defined as: in using shape transformation ripple to judge whether defect exists, angled longitudinal wave defects detection makes
Probe array suppose to be placed on the position of about 45 degree；
(5-4) when any one step discovery signal in step (5-1)-(5-3), instruction is considered what rift defect caused.
The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that prolong described in:
Time controller (102B) control time of pulser (102C) output drive signal and control the reception that receptor (102D) sends
The input time of signal, so can obtain the operation of probe array according to phased-array technique.
The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein return
The number of times of sound, the number of times of many BEs caused by the probe array of ultrasound wave fracture propagation detection directly obtain or
Vertically can be sent by use measured by number of times the use of the extra many BEs of probe measurement of ultrasound wave
Number of times obtains, or known to the wall thickness of axial/shear wave velocity in sample and sample in the case of, by by wall thickness divided by
The calculation of axially/shear wave velocity obtains.
The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: make apparatus
There is a probe array of Optimum cross section bus, i.e. obtain longitudinal wave and the transmission of shearing wave main beam and harshness projection
Reduce, corresponding in the case of the round trip propagation time in the case of the wall thickness summation of longitudinal wave and shearing wave wall thickness during roundtrip propagation
Between time range in reception signal show on screen.
The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Qi Zhongbu
Suddenly in (5-2), whether detection OD creeping wave occurs judging from the echo that the total degree that chink surface carries out propagating causes.
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| CN201610458109.9A CN106153722A (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull |
| PCT/CN2016/095095 WO2017219468A1 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-08-14 | Ultrasonic detection method for crack propagation in ship body of unmanned ship |
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| CN201610458109.9A CN106153722A (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | The ultrasonic detection method of fracture propagation in unmanned boat hull |
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