CN106153710B - 一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法 - Google Patents
一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法,它包括:步骤1、选取待测河段A和石柱B;步骤2、在石柱B上确定采样点;不同高程等距离采样,从石柱底部开始每10cm为一个采样点,到石柱最上端时最后一段△hx<10cm时,如△hx>=3cm则需设立采样点;采样点为h0、h1、h2、h3……hx;步骤3、采集各采样点样品;步骤4、各采样点样品年代的测定;步骤5、根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间和江河从开始发育到江河形成时间;解决了现有技术对河流形成时间的测定误差大,测量不准确等技术问题。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间测定技术,尤其涉及一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法。
背景技术:
现在的研究中,有利用河流下切形成的河流阶地来测河流的形成时间,通过宇宙射线成因10Be、26Al及释光、古地磁的测年技术,可得到河流阶地形成演化的时段,但被切出的河流阶地被平衡的河流系统水量、搬运物质、河流纵剖面梯度等被扰乱,并且河流阶地80%的是那些质地不坚硬、易被风化、易被水蚀和被为生物松动的阶地层面,各层面的沉积物易随水流失或随水流进入不同的层面,各种不同年代的沉积物发生混合,导致河流阶地形成年代的测定不准确。再有就是利用层状洞穴或穿洞中的暗河沉积物-砂砾石层对河流的形成时间进行测定,所用的技术为ESR测年研究,洞穴的研究采样困难且危险,有些洞穴是由于特殊的地貌和钙质岩而形成,并非是河流的冲击和侵蚀后形成,有些层状洞穴可能在江河形成之前就已经形成,导致江河形成时间的判断错误。还有学者同样利用了钙华测试了石林的初始发育年龄,但他们就只是简单地利用钙华年代测试年的方法测出石林的初始发育,没有充分地利用石林的形成年龄来反演江河的形成时间或反演过去一些突发事件的发生。采样的时候是取位于水平溶洞内或干涸陡壁上凸出物的下方部位,虽然他的采样可以排除部分干扰,但难免一些流水流过造成的测量结果的影响。
发明内容:
本发明要解决的技术问题:提供一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法,以解决现有技术对河流形成时间的测定误差大,测量不准确等技术问题。
本发明技术方案:
一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法,它包括:
步骤1、选取待测河段A和石柱B;
步骤2、在石柱B上确定采样点;不同高程等距离采样,从石柱底部开始每10cm为一个采样点,到石柱最上端最后一段△hx<10cm且△hx>=3cm则设立采样点;采样点为h0、h1、h2、h3……hx;
步骤3、采集各采样点样品;
步骤4、各采样点样品年代的测定;
步骤5、根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间。
它还包括步骤6、根据石林形成时间得到江河从开始发育到江河形成时间;
步骤3所述的采集各采样点样品时,均要钻开表层石柱1cm后进行采样。
步骤4所述的各采样点样品年代的测定方法包括36Cl沉积年代或钙华沉积年代,利用加速器质谱AMS技术测定36Cl沉积年代,利用不平衡铀系法、14C法、热释光法或ESR法测定钙华沉积年代。步骤6所述根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间的方法包括:
步骤5.1、根据每段高程的数据得出△h1=h1-h0,△h2=h2-h1,△h3=h3-h2……△hx=hx-hx-1;
步骤5.2、不同高程处采样测得的时间年限为:h0为t0,h1为t1,h2为t2,h3为t3,hx为tx;
步骤5.3、不同高程段对应时间计算,△t1=t1-t0。△t2=t2-t1,△t3=t3-t2……△tx=tx-tx-1。
步骤5.4、当其中一段或多段石柱形成年龄△t小于5年,则判断为当时发生突发事件;
步骤5.5、当各段石柱形成年龄△t小于5年,则此段石柱形成的时间便是河流形成的时间;
步骤5.6、当各段石柱形成年龄△t大于5年,则石柱的年龄便是江河从开始发育到江河形成的时间。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明特点:第一,能测出整个石林的初始发育年龄;第二,可以测出某段石林生长速率;第三,能够反演过去有还是没有突发事件的发生;第四,不仅可以测样品中的钙华沉积年代来确定石林的年龄,还可以测样品中的36Cl沉积年代来确定石林的年龄,两个的测量结果进行对比后还可以判断石林的形成年龄是否准确;第五,在样品的采集过程中,本发明的采样点均设在钻开石柱1cm深处采样,既考虑了各点的可比性,也排除了一些水流的流过带来的测量结果的影响。第六,石林质地坚硬,不易被风化水蚀,易保存,易测量。
本发明不仅可测算石林,整个石林或某段时间内增长的石林的形成年龄,而且可以反演江河的形成时间。还可以反映过去自然突发事件的发生,如反演具有周期性的自然突发事件的发生,给人类充分的时间为预防突发事件的发生做准备,减少突发事件带来的危害和破坏;解决了现有技术对河流形成时间的测定误差大,测量不准确等技术问题。
说明书附图:
图1为本发明对采样点标注示意图。
具体实施方式:
一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法,它包括:
步骤1、选取待测河段A和石柱B;
步骤2、在石柱B上确定采样点;不同高程等距离采样,从石柱底部开始每10cm为一个采样点,到石柱最上端时最后一段△hx<10cm时,如△hx>=3cm则需设立采样点;采样点为h0、h1、h2、h3……hx;△hx<3cm则不设置采样点。
步骤3、采集各采样点样品;
步骤3所述的采集各采样点样品时,均要钻开表层石柱1cm后进行采样。目的是为了能采集到准确反映石林年代的样品,避开外界因素的干扰采样点
步骤4、各采样点样品年代的测定;
步骤4所述的各采样点样品年代的测定方法包括36Cl沉积年代或钙华沉积年代,利用加速器质谱AMS技术测定36Cl沉积年代,利用不平衡铀系法、14C法、热释光法或ESR法测定钙华沉积年代。
测定原理:36Cl的宇宙成因形成,当地球表面的36Cl被沉积埋藏而构成“封闭体系”之后,36Cl的计时时钟立刻启动,36Cl沉积年龄测定的机理也由此产生。钙华样是地表或地下水中载带的HCO- 3离子,在温度、压力或流动状态改变时,使CO2挥发,析出碳酸盐沉淀,同时将环境中的放射性元素带入钙华中,停止与与环境中的放射性元素交换,处于封闭的地球化学体系,钙华沉积年代测定机理也由此产生。
步骤5、根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间。
步骤6、根据石柱形成时间可得到江河从开始发育到江河形成时间;
步骤6所述根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间和江河从开始发育到江河形成时间其方法包括:
步骤5.1、根据每段高程的数据得出△h1=h1-h0,△h2=h2-h1,△h3=h3-h2……△hx=hx-hx-1;
步骤5.2、不同高程处采样测得的时间年限为:h0为t0,h1为t1,h2为t2,h3为t3,hx为tx;
步骤5.3、不同高程段对应时间计算,△t1=t1-t0。△t2=t2-t1,△t3=t3-t2……△tx=tx-tx-1;
步骤5.4、当其中一段或多段石柱形成年龄△t小于5年,则判断为当时发生突发事件;
步骤5.5、当各段石柱形成年龄△t小于5年,则此段石柱形成的时间便是河流形成的时间;
步骤5.6、当各段石柱形成年龄△t大于5年,则石柱的年龄便是江河从开始发育到江河形成的时间。
Claims (2)
1.一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法,它包括:
步骤1、选取待测河段A和石柱B;
步骤2、在石柱B上确定采样点;不同高程等距离采样,从石柱底部开始每10cm为一个采样点,到石柱最上端最后一段△hx<10cm且△hx>=3cm则设立采样点;采样点为h0、h1、h2、h3……hx;
步骤3、采集各采样点样品;步骤3所述的采集各采样点样品时,均要钻开表层石柱1cm后进行采样;
步骤4、各采样点样品年代的测定;
步骤5、根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间;
步骤6、根据石林形成时间得到江河从开始发育到江河形成时间;
步骤5所述根据各采样点测定的年代得到石柱形成时间的方法包括:
步骤5.1、根据每段高程的数据得出△h1=h1-h0,△h2=h2-h1,△h3=h3-h2……△hx= hx-hx -1;
步骤5.2、不同高程处采样测得的时间年限为:h0为t0,h1 为t1,h2为t2,h3为t3,hx为tx;
步骤5.3、不同高程段对应时间计算,△t1=t1-t0;
△t2= t2- t1,△t3= t3- t2……△tx = tx- tx-1 ;
步骤5.4、当其中一段或多段石柱形成年龄△t小于5年,则判断为当时发生突发事件;
步骤5.5、当各段石柱形成年龄△t小于5年,则石柱形成的时间便是河流形成的时间;
步骤5.6、当各段石柱形成年龄△t大于5年,则石柱的年龄便是江河从开始发育到江河形成的时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种测定石林形成年龄及反演江河形成时间的方法,其特征在于:步骤4所述的各采样点样品年代的测定方法包括36Cl沉积年代或钙华沉积年代,利用加速器质谱AMS技术测定36Cl沉积年代,利用不平衡铀系法、14C法、热释光法或ESR法测定钙华沉积年代。
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