CN106153113B - Sensor module for structural body health detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
For the sensor module of structural body health detection, the present invention relates to structure body detecting sensor technical fields, solve sensor used in the prior art and have not been able to realize completely passive, poor anti jamming capability and the technical problems such as with high costs.The invention mainly comprises energy acquisition modules, are used for energy absorption, and matching receives radiofrequency signal；Energy management module receives the voltage signal of energy acquisition module output for being used as driving power；Sensing module receives the DC voltage of energy management module output, also receives control signal；Sensor group, for acquiring the stress variation information of structural body.The present invention is for designing the structural healths detection sensor such as bridge, building.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to structure body detecting sensor technical fields, and in particular to the sensor for structural body health detection
Module.
Background technique
Structural body health monitoring (Structural Health Monitoring, SHM) is defined as the damage to engineering structure
Wound monitoring and characteristic description.This is a concept emerging in the past 20 years.Its field being mainly absorbed in is the health of infrastructure
Situation, including building, bridge, tunnel and aircraft industry.Furthermore pipe-line system (oil pipe, optical fiber etc.), high speed are public under water
Also there is related application in terms of road, machinery, medical treatment and circuit board.
2007, the U.S., I-35 highway bridge was collapsed due to excess load；2009, Germany, urban history archives by
It collapses in ground deformation；The two cases are all since infrastructure is collapsed caused by lacking structural body health monitoring.Wherein
Building and bridge respectively due to collapsing caused by ground deformation and excessive deformation.One frame of U.S. Cleveland has made
With 50 years old bridge on highway.The bridge block was diagnosed main reinforcement damage and excessive deformation in 2009.Later,
It is removed and rebuilds in this bridge block in 2014.
The typical perceptual parameters of sensor (measurement parameter) have strain, pressure, temperature, slope, humidity, burn into vibration,
Pressure and horizontality.These parameters are got by the acquisition of various sensor, comprising: airspeedometer, accelerometer, dynamic and static state
Foil gauge, displacement sensor, temperature sensor, global positioning system, horizon sensor, dynamic weighing equipment, barometer, rainfall
Meter, hygrometer, corrosion sensor, digital camera and electromagnetic sensor.
Currently, structural body health monitoring systems are only applied only to some vital big due to high cost overhead
On type bridge and important skyscraper.In numerous bridges by taking the bridge of Hong Kong AngChuan Zhou as an example, wind is installed on this bridge
Power and structural body health monitoring systems are one of digitlization bridges of most expensive in the world.In terms of building, in the world most
For high Harry method tower.1723 monitoring sensor nodes are installed in total on the bridge of Hong Kong AngChuan Zhou.Wherein have 82%
The sensor of (1416) is foil gauge and temperature sensor.On the other hand, 428 foil gauges on Harry method tower are mounted on.It is right
For such vital structural body, installing high cost brought by total health monitoring system is acceptable；And
For other most of bridges and building, the system of customization is selected first often.The system of this customization only monitors part and ties
Structure body parameter, to reduce costs.A part of bridge of China, can using the structural body health monitoring systems of transformation
Mixed topology is technically used, for example, communication: optical fiber, it is wired or wireless；The energy: power line, battery or energy acquisition；
Sensor type: active or passive type (passive).
The case of U.S.'s bridge health diagnosis.The importance of structural body health monitoring can be embodied by this following example
Out.Since nineteen ninety, U.S. various regions Public Security Department requires to visually inspect all 576,000 high speeds by the period of half a year
Bridge.It is such to detect the grade deformation it can be found that bridge, to recall the bridge of maintenance part structural body aging.This
The statistics of sample is shown:
Initial stage nineteen ninety: the bridge (236,000) in the U.S. nearly 35% is defective in structure or in function；
2006: being structurally imperfect more than 149,000 bridge blocks；
2012: similar 25% bridge was defective.
It is emphasized that the groundwork amount perceived in monitoring system concentrates in strain measurement and temperature measurement.
The main reason for bridge is damaged is overload (often being caused by heavy truck), high wind and earthquake.This needs periodically monitoring by this
Bridge deformation caused by a little reasons.In the case of bridge on highway, the importance to bridge deformation degree measurement be it is aobvious and
It is clear to --- only strain checks the degree that can predict bridge damage by visual observation.Strain measurement assessment building settlement and
It is in terms of tilt condition and vital, especially in the construction stage.
If structural body health monitoring is extremely important in structural diagnosis, and is also ready-made in Vehicles Collected from Market
, then problem be why around there is no such systems in important infrastructure? herein, main reasons is that its
High cost.Furthermore other the reason of include the high power consumption of system and the expense of high maintenance, especially power in battery or too
In the case system that sun can power.System accuracy drift (being especially influenced by temperature) is still an ignorable factor.
Topological structure, quantity of perceptual parameters etc..Each sensor cost (cost per sensor) is assessment one
Monitor the good judgment basis of system cost.Fig. 1 show the Cost comparisons of 4 bridge blocks, has used light in these bridges
Fine and wireless monitor technology.Expensive cost is the original that automatic structure body health monitoring systems are only installed at a small amount of important bridge
Cause.Chinese bridge estimated cost is probably at one to two million dollars.It is being equipped in the bridge of automatic monitoring system, Mei Gechuan
The cost of sensor is probably at 5000 dollars or so.
Power consumption (battery life) limitation with embedded type wireless sensing system in recent years development, it appears that realize one high letter
What the wireless topology body health monitoring systems of valence ratio were undoubtedly close at hand.Cooperate with energy resource collecting technology (solar energy or vibrational energy
Amount) it is able to achieve full-automatic solution.For the relationship preferably gone between tradeoff cost and system, have studied it is some it is current
The state of development of the wireless monitor system of deployment.
By taking the precious island bridge (344 meters long) of South Korea as an example, be equipped on this bridge 113 nodes (except base station and
Gateway node), wherein 105 nodes are powered using battery, additional 8 nodes are powered using solar energy charging battery.These are passed
Sense node is used to measure bridge acceleration, strain, temperature and humidity and wind speed.The cost of each sensor is 500 dollars.In the system
It is main to be limited to two aspects: 1) call duration time.Due to meshed network conflict, data are obtained from 46 sensor nodes and are needed closely
30 minutes.2) battery life.Node equipment has large capacity 20,000mAh battery.If node only acquires data 4 times daily, battery
Capacity will reduced after two months to 75%.The potential cause of battery capacity development abides by Eveready law.Compared to micro- place
Reason machine technology, the development of battery capacity are slowly.Current industrial battery exemplary energy density is 150-200Wh/kg,
1000 cycle charging numbers.This means that any passive system equipped with rechargeable battery will undertake high maintenance funds
(in general needing per maintenance some months primary).In addition, due to the high power consumption demand for sensing and communicating, completely passive energy is adopted
Collection solution is not no feasibility.
Error caused by error temperature caused by temperature is perhaps as hiding parameter not by structural body health monitoring
System manufacturer discloses.Since the overall volume of structural body is positively correlated with temperature, the change of temperature will lead to apparent error.
There are many its reasons, wherein typically there is two classes: temperature influences sensor (such as foil gauge) in itself；Temperature influences sample devices
(such as digital analog converter).Error degree caused by temperature usually reaches six normally strained times applied by load.In order to solve
Such problems, existing system are doing measurement compensation using temperature correction.However facts proved that even with temperature correction,
Strain measurement error rate is still high, and error amount ordinary wave is moved in several hundred microns between millimeter.
Another important aspect is when system installation, reparation, maintenance or the calibration of escalation process system.Although
This is not the problem on a funds, but these system diagnostics and operation require technical professional and just can be carried out, otherwise
The optimum state of system cannot ensure.
It is seen on practical conditions, radio frequency interference and electromagnetic interference are another factors for influencing working state of system.It lifts
A example, if being built in monitoring system by power main and GSM signal tower, system will be seriously by these noise sources
Influence.Under normal circumstances, working condition cannot get any guarantee to monitoring system under such circumstances.In contrast, it is based on light
Fine system has better reliability, and the system based on ADC will receive very big influence.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of that present invention to provide the sensor module for structural body health detection, solutions
Certainly sensor used in the prior art has not been able to realize completely passive, poor anti jamming capability and the technical problems such as with high costs.
In order to achieve the above objectives, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
It further include energy acquisition for the sensor module of structural body health detection, including control signal and radiofrequency signal
Module, is used for energy absorption, and matching receives radiofrequency signal and is converted to DC voltage；Energy management module, for as driving
Power supply receives the voltage signal of energy acquisition module output and carries out storage and pressure stabilizing output to these voltages；Based on radar original
The sensing module of reason receives the DC voltage of energy management module output, also receives control signal；Sensor group, for acquiring
The stress variation information of structural body；Wherein, the sensing module exports radar pulse signal to institute by control signal behavior
The sensor group stated, and receive the stress variation transducing signal of the sensor group output；Wherein, the sensing module is also defeated
Provide the feedback signal of stress variation information.
In above scheme, the energy acquisition module, including microstrip antenna, it is used for energy absorption, matching to receive radio frequency
Signal；Radio frequency-direct current transducer, the radiofrequency signal that conversion microstrip antenna matching exports to voltage signal；Charge pump, promotion are penetrated
Frequently-direct current transducer output voltage signal voltage value.
In above scheme, the energy management module, including storage capacitance, receive the voltage of energy acquisition module output
Signal；Power manager detects storage capacitance voltage value；Boost chopper, the direct current of stable storage capacitor release output
Pressure.
In above scheme, the sensing module, including main control module, for providing control, communication and processing；Radar arteries and veins
Generator is rushed, for providing sensor group signal source, receives the control driving signal of main control module output；Radar pulse storage electricity
Hold, receives and stores the radar pulse signal of radar pulse generator output；Switching circuit receives the selection of main control module output
Signal simultaneously selectively discharges the radar pulse signal of radar pulse storage capacitance to sensor group；Timing module, for measuring thunder
Up to pulse time-of-flight, the stress sensing signal of receiving sensor group output；High frequency clock crystal oscillator, for providing sampled reference,
High frequency time base clock is exported to timing module；System clock crystal oscillator, for providing working standard, output services reference clock
To main control module；Communication module receives control signal and is sent to main control module or sends the feedback signal of main control module.
In above scheme, the sensor group selects passive sensor group, and passive sensor group is passed including temperature
Sensor and strain gauge acquire the temperature information of structural body and passively acquire the stress variation letter to echo through structural body
Breath；
In above scheme, the sensing module further includes temperature compensation module, and temperature compensation module receives main control module
Output simple radar pulse signal and its also export compensated pulse signal to timing module.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) completely passive structure body detecting sensor module is realized；
(2) sensor module structure, which can not only communicate, to acquire data with receiving sensor group；
(3) the energy acquisition module with microstrip antenna is realized, is energized for sensor；
(4) in terms of to stress data acquisition, the prior art uses conventional method (ADC+ Wheatstone bridge), and uses thunder
Up to measurement resistance value (stress and temperature) method；Two methods principle is different, the former is measurement voltage, and the latter is time of measuring,
The anti-data interference of the latter, accuracy is high and calculating speed is fast；
(5) passive sensor module obtains energy from wireless radiofrequency electric wave, since radiofrequency signal is read by human hand held formula
It reads device to issue, therefore its frequency and energy are it is believed that having better application range and prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is sensor of the invention module diagram；
Fig. 2 is energy module schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is sensing module schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is temperature compensation module schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1
Such as Fig. 1, the parameter of the sensor group, foil gauge measurement range is 1000-5000 μ ε, and foil gauge precision is 10 μ
ε, temperature measurement range are -40 to+125 DEG C, and temperature accuracy is ± 0.5 DEG C-± 0.3 DEG C, and (measurement will sample 250 in piece every time
It is secondary to be averaged), moisture measurement range is 0-100%RH, and humidity precision is that ± 3%RH temperature drift is Δ ε < 100 μm (- 20
To+100 DEG C), calibration is not without (needing), and rate of false alarm is 0% (sampling avoids system wrong report in 250 pieces), by radio frequency/electromagnetism
Influence nothing.
As shown in Fig. 2, can also be absorbed simultaneously by the microstrip antenna of energy acquisition module when radiofrequency signal reaches equipment.It is micro-
Band antenna has better energy absorption capability compared to dipole antenna (use is in communication and control module), but corresponding anti-
It is poor to scatter communication ability, therefore be only used to provide for high power consumption sensor using the energy acquisition module of microstrip antenna additional
Sufficient power supply.Radiofrequency signal is converted into DC voltage by the energy acquisition module of RF-DC converter inside by microstrip antenna, so
Being boosted and filled by charge pump afterwards can storage capacitance.Power manager monitors the voltage in storage capacitance.When capacitive energy storage abundance,
Power manager informs the state of MCU (microcontroller) or processor energy acquisition module by INT pin.In addition, if storage
Capacitor according to application selected super capacitor, can be set by peripheral circuit RESET pin switching module fill can mode it is super to reduce
The time to recharge of grade capacitor.When storage capacitance fill can it is enough when, capacitor electric discharge flows to boost chopper.Boost chopper will
Coming after to the boost in voltage of capacitor and pressure stabilizing to export in Vout pin is sensor power supply.The voltage of Vout be it is customized,
It is controlled by VSET pin input voltage.
As shown in figure 3, the module is used for structural body health monitoring.Entire module is controlled by governor circuit.Radar surveying
Core be made of radar pulse generator, pulse storage capacitance, switching circuit, passive sensor group and timing module.Master control
Control radar impulse generator generates pulse, and the pulse of generation is stored among pulse storage capacitance.When the pulse foot of accumulation
When enough, master control control switch circuit discharges pulse.The pulse signal of release carries the information of sensor by sensor later,
And it is measured by high-precision timing module.After obtaining sensor information, sensor information is sent to master control by timing module.Mould
Block uses two clock crystal oscillators.Wherein system clock crystal oscillator provides work pace for master control, and independent high frequency clock crystal oscillator is
Timing module provides measurement beat.In addition, communication module is responsible for communicating with external circuit (such as MCU, processor), number will be measured
According to upload or receive control command.
Temperature-compensating can be used to reduce in the error for leading to sensor measurement for temperature change.As shown in figure 4, warm
There are thermo-sensitive resistor, High-precision standard resistance and amplifier inside degree compensating module.The resistance value of thermo-sensitive resistor can be in temperature
Existing linear change, and High-precision standard resistance be affected by temperature it is minimum.Temperature-compensating measurement process and sensor measurement process class
Seemingly.Unlike sensor measurement process: temperature-compensating is by generating simple radar pulse, the pulse point inside governor circuit
Become compensated pulse signal after amplifier amplifies not after thermo-sensitive resistor and measuring resistance, measured by timing module, and will
Measurement result is sent to master control.Master control later is by being calculated temperature ratio, the foundation as temperature-compensating.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Belong to those skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of, all answers
It is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. being used for the sensor module of structural body health detection, including control signal and radiofrequency signal, which is characterized in that further include
Energy acquisition module, is used for energy absorption, and matching receives radiofrequency signal；
Energy management module receives the voltage signal of energy acquisition module output for being used as driving power；
Sensing module based on Principles of Radar receives the DC voltage of energy management module output, also receives control signal；
Sensor group, for acquiring the stress variation information of structural body；
Wherein, the sensing module exports radar pulse signal to the sensor group by control signal behavior, and connects
Receive the stress variation transducing signal of the sensor group output；
Wherein, the sensing module also exports the feedback signal with stress variation information；
The sensing module, including
Main control module, for providing control, communication and processing；
Radar pulse generator receives the control driving signal of main control module output for providing sensor group signal source；
Radar pulse storage capacitance receives and stores the radar pulse signal of radar pulse generator output；
Switching circuit receives the selection signal of main control module output and selectively discharges the radar pulse of radar pulse storage capacitance
Signal is to sensor group；
Timing module is used for instrumentation radar pulse time-of-flight, the stress sensing signal of receiving sensor group output；
High frequency clock crystal oscillator, for providing sampled reference, output high frequency time base clock to timing module；
System clock crystal oscillator, for providing working standard, output services reference clock to main control module；
Communication module receives control signal and is sent to main control module or sends the feedback signal of main control module.
2. the sensor module according to claim 1 for structural body health detection, which is characterized in that the energy
Acquisition module, including
Microstrip antenna, is used for energy absorption, and matching receives radiofrequency signal；
Radio frequency-direct current transducer, the radiofrequency signal that conversion microstrip antenna matching exports to voltage signal；
Charge pump promotes radio frequency-direct current transducer output voltage signal voltage value.
3. the sensor module according to claim 1 for structural body health detection, which is characterized in that the energy
Management module, including
Storage capacitance receives the voltage signal of energy acquisition module output；
Power manager detects storage capacitance voltage value；
Boost chopper, the DC voltage of stable storage capacitor release output.
4. the sensor module according to claim 1 for structural body health detection, which is characterized in that the sensing
Device group, selects passive sensor group, and passive sensor group acquires structural body including temperature sensor and strain gauge
Temperature information and passively acquire the stress variation information to echo through structural body.
5. the sensor module according to claim 1 for structural body health detection, which is characterized in that the perception
Module, further includes temperature compensation module, temperature compensation module receive the simple radar pulse signal of main control module output and its
Compensated pulse signal is also exported to timing module.
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| CN109733437A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-10 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems |
| ES2824840A1 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-13 | Digitalia Soluciones Integrales Sl | Device and procedure for comprehensive monitoring of wind turbines: multiplier and foundation (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| CN111238567A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-06-05 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | Satellite in-orbit health monitoring device |
| CN114235235A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-25 | 同济大学 | Intelligent wireless pressure sensor for micro-energy collection and pressure detection method |
| CN114459524B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-08-20 | 南京邮电大学 | Adaptive compensation flexible radio frequency sensing system and method |
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| GB2259737B (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1996-02-07 | Klidi Technology Corp | Remotely-operated self-contained electronic lock security system assembly |
| CN102254208B (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2013-08-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | Acoustic surface wave passive radio frequency identification tag and sensor |
| GB201019837D0 (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-01-05 | Divex Ltd | Bridge apparatus |
| CN102542218B (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2015-03-11 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | Method and system for transmitting radio frequency identification (RFID) data, and hardware platform for RFID label |
| US8958942B2 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2015-02-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Systems and methods for displaying aircraft braking distance during surface operations |
| CN102809721A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2012-12-05 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Radio frequency sensor testing device and on-line monitoring method for high-voltage cable terminal partial discharge on-line monitoring |
| CN102889923B (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-08-20 | 上海交通大学 | Vibration sensor based on surface acoustic wave radio frequency identification technology and application for vibration sensor |
| CN105117764B (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2018-03-06 | 中电科技德清华莹电子有限公司 | A kind of high-performance anticollision SAW delay line type wireless sensor system |
| CN105300449B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-04-10 | 杭州钛比科技有限公司 | A kind of super low-power consumption passive structures health monitoring systems and method |
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