CN106145872B - 吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法 - Google Patents
吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
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- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
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- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
- E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
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Abstract
本发明提供吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,包括以下步骤:多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥15~20wt%、粒径为100~250µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠60~75wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~10wt%和聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维1.5~5.0wt%按比例取样并混合均匀,将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.0%的铝粉膏,铝粉膏水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水浆液,将制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,属于材料技术领。
背景技术
由于厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象,我国的气候出现极端的变化,降雨分布极不均匀,南北方旱涝不均,在同一个地区,一年中降雨量也极不均等,缺水已经制约经济的发展和人民生活,合理利用现有的降水,将小区路面、马路、公共休闲广场有效的降水合理收集、储存、利用,缓解干旱缺水季节的用水,水的热容量大,既能吸热也能放热,改善小气候。
发明内容
利用开孔的麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠作为基料,以硅酸钠作为粘结剂,水泥为多孔集水海绵砖增加机械强度和粘结作用,粉煤灰和聚乙烯醇高吸水的树脂纤维是强吸水剂,加入石英粉增加了复合陶土微珠的抗压强度,麦饭石粒径越小比表面积越大,吸附能力越强,麦饭石对水中的重金属离子吸附,实质上是麦饭石中的阳离子与水中的重金属阳离子进行交换,经过离子交换麦饭石吸附了水中的重金属阳离子,调节水的pH值,采用膨胀浆液,降低浆液的密度,制成的多孔集水海绵砖的一个面呈燕尾槽状,多孔集水海绵砖吸收的水分进入燕尾槽,受重力的作用再流入集水管,集水管将多孔集水海绵砖连接在一起,雨水汇集到集水池中。
其技术方案为:吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,第一步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥15~20wt%、粒径为100~250µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠60~75wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~10wt%和聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维1.5~5.0wt%,以上各组分的重量百分比之和为100%;
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为100~250µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠均匀喷洒在麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的外表面,麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,使每个麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的外表面都均匀附着硅酸钠,硅酸钠是无机粘合剂,是亲水型的,粘结力强、强度较高,耐酸性、耐热性好,亲水性能不影响粘结性,混合料为水泥15~20wt%、粒径为100~250µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠60~75wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~10wt%和聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维1.5~5.0wt%,再将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,灰为混合料,最后加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.0%的铝粉膏,水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液,降低海绵砖的重量,聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维具有极强的吸水性,吸水后的海绵砖抗压强度不变;
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,按1.2~2.0:1体积比压制,比例1.2~2.0为压制前的体积,比例1为压制后的体积,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖,多孔集水海绵砖的一个面呈燕尾槽状,多孔集水海绵砖吸收的水分进入燕尾槽内,集水管嵌入燕尾槽内,集水管嵌入燕尾槽内的一部分圆弧面为开口状,另一部分圆弧面为封闭状,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖的汇集,进入燕尾槽内,受重力的作用再流入集水管,集水管将单个多孔集水海绵砖连接在一起,集水管汇集的雨水进入集水池中。
麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的制备:先将粒径80~200µm麦饭石、200~400µm盐碱土和150~300µm石英粉按重量比20~30:60~85:10~20混合料搅拌均匀,三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%,混合料按0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,灰为麦饭石、盐碱土和石英粉三种成分组成的混合料,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经800~950℃膨胀、1000~1500℃烧制、快速冷却,形成壁厚50~100µm,粒径为100~250µm的麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠,麦饭石、盐碱土和石英粉三种材料混合,经过高温烧制,形成了改性的麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心复合陶土抗压微珠,材料的组分不同,改性后材料的化学性质也不同,加入石英粉增加了开孔空心复合陶土微珠的抗压强度,麦饭石粒径越小比表面积越大,吸附能力越强,麦饭石对水中的重金属离子吸附,实质上是麦饭石中的阳离子与水中的重金属阳离子进行交换,经过离子交换麦饭石吸附了水中的重金属阳离子,调节水的pH值。
硅酸钠的模数至关重要,当模数大于3.5时,随着模数的增大,硅酸钠变硬变脆,粘结性变差,当模数小于3.2时,粘结性下降。
粉煤灰是强吸水剂,经过高温烧结,有较高的活性。
多孔集水海绵砖将蓄积的雨水一部分通过集水管汇集到集水池中,另一部分渗入到土壤中,增加土壤水分含量,在夏天高温季节,多孔集水海绵砖还能将表面的热量传导到土壤中,降低海绵砖地表面的温度,水的热容量大,既能吸热也能放热。
本发明具有以下优点。
1、制备海绵砖所用的材料无机环保材料,对环境不会造成危害,海绵砖可回收能二次使用。
2、制备海绵砖粉煤灰和聚乙烯醇高吸水的树脂纤维是强吸水剂,能吸收海绵砖表面的水分进入内部,达到一定数量时,受重力的作用下落进入集水管内。
3、在混合料中加入铝粉膏,形成多孔膨胀的浆液,降低了浆液的密度。
4、麦饭石中的阳离子与水中的重金属阳离子进行交换,经过离子交换麦饭石吸附了水中的重金属阳离子,调节水的pH值。
附图说明
图1 是本发明实施例的海面砖的轴测结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的海面砖的底视结构示意图。
图3 是本发明实施例的单块海绵砖由集水管连接在一起的结构示意图。
其中图中1、海绵砖 2、燕尾槽 3、集水管。
具体实施方式
实施例1。
在如图1~3所示的实施例中,吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,第一步、麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的制备:先将粒径100µm麦饭石、300µm盐碱土、200µm石英粉按重量比20:70:10混合料搅拌均匀,混合料按0.6的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经820℃膨胀、1250℃高温烧制、快速冷却,形成壁厚80µm,粒径为240µm的麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠。
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料: 取水泥18wt%、粒径为240µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠60wt%、模数3.3的硅酸钠 14wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰6wt%和聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维2.0wt%。
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为240µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.3的硅酸钠 均匀喷洒在麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的外表面,随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,将混合料以0.6的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为0.5%的铝粉膏,水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水浆液,降低海绵砖的重量,聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维具有极强的吸水性,吸水后的海绵砖抗压强度不变,麦饭石对水中的重金属离子吸附,实质上是麦饭石中的阳离子与水中的重金属阳离子进行离子交换,经过离子交换麦饭石吸附了水中的重金属阳离子,调节水的pH值。
第四步、吸附型多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,按1.6: 1的体积比压制,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖1,多孔集水海绵砖1的一个面呈燕尾槽2状,多孔集水海绵砖1吸收的水分进入燕尾槽2内,在燕尾槽2内安装着集水管3,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖1的汇集,进入燕尾槽2内,受重力的作用再流入集水管3,集水管3将单个多孔集水海绵砖1连接在一起,集水管3汇集的雨水进入集水池中,经过沉淀、过滤,再次使用。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明型的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明型技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.吸附型麦饭石盐碱土陶土微珠制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,包括以下步骤:第一步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥15~20wt%、粒径为100~250µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠60~75wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~10wt%和聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维1.5~5.0wt%,以上各组分的重量百分比之和为100%,麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的制备:先将粒径80~200µm麦饭石、200~400µm盐碱土和150~300µm石英粉按重量比20~30:60~85:10~20混合料搅拌均匀,三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%,混合料按0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,灰为麦饭石、盐碱土和石英粉三种成分组成的混合料,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经800~950℃膨胀、1000~1500℃烧制、快速冷却,形成壁厚50~100µm,粒径为100~250µm的麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠;
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为100~250µm麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠均匀喷洒在麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠的外表面,麦饭石盐碱土开孔空心陶土微珠随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,再将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,最后加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.0%的铝粉膏搅拌均匀,铝粉膏水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液;
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖(1),多孔集水海绵砖(1)的一个面呈燕尾槽(2)状,集水管(3)嵌入燕尾槽(2)内,集水管(3)嵌入燕尾槽(2)内的一部分圆弧面为开口状,另一部分圆弧面为封闭状,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖(1)的汇集,进入燕尾槽(2)内,受重力的作用进入集水管(3),集水管(3)将单个多孔集水海绵砖(1)连接在一起,集水管(3)汇集的雨水进入集水池中。
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