CN106124326A - The device of a kind of quick detection metal material element elastic decay and detection method - Google Patents
The device of a kind of quick detection metal material element elastic decay and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106124326A CN106124326A CN201610543887.8A CN201610543887A CN106124326A CN 106124326 A CN106124326 A CN 106124326A CN 201610543887 A CN201610543887 A CN 201610543887A CN 106124326 A CN106124326 A CN 106124326A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0288—Springs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of device of quick detection metal material element elastic decay, the measurement part decayed including testing machine support section, testing machine fluid pressure drive device, metal material element retained part, heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part and metal material element elastic, needing to install heating, insulation and temperature control part when testing high temperature metallic material element, method of testing includes that metal material element manipulation pressure and the determination of deflection, metal material element are arranged in rig for testing, data record, data process, five steps of prediction of metal material component life.The invention have the advantage that the method can test the relaxation situation of the different metal material element using temperature, meet the various applying working conditions of metal material element；The method can predict 5 years in 24～48 hours, 10 years even working conditions of metal material element after decades, is particularly well-suited to factory to the detection of the elastic performance of batches of metal material elements product and the prediction in life-span.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the life test of metal material element, particularly a kind of quickly detection metal material element elastic declines
The device subtracted and detection method.
Background technology
Metal material element is to bear and transmit vertical load in suspension system and have mitigation and suppress road surface to cause punching
The element hit.Its effect is subject to and transmits vertical load, relaxes and suppresses the impact caused by uneven road surface.
Metal material element usually needs long service, and work several years, the metal that just can change of more than ten years, even decades
Material elements, the decay of its elasticity is also a slow and long-term process, and failure mode is not easy to be noticeable, but so understands prestige
The side of body is to the personal safety of people, and the metal material element especially used on automobile and on big machinery, if getting the brush-off once
It can cause the most serious consequence after losing efficacy, it is possible to the service life of prediction metal material element is the most urgent and serious
Problem.
Decaying due to the elastic force of metal material element is a pole process slowly, it will usually experience about 10 years, if
The elastic force decay measured metal material element in real time 10 years is unrealistic the most uneconomic, so finding or invent a kind of quick
The method of the elastic extenuation of detection metal material element is the most necessary.
The present invention program just solves the decay of metal material element elastic force and is difficult to the difficulty measured, and in the short time 24～
Just can measure, calculate the elastic force attenuation curve of metal material element in 48 hours, such that it is able to deduce 10 years, decades
The value of elastic of metal material element later, the temperature range of measurement can be at-40-800 DEG C.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to for above-mentioned existing problems, it is provided that the dress of a kind of quick detection metal material element elastic decay
Put and detection method, the method the making of this batch metal material element measurable after batches of metal material elements is produced
With life-span, the metal material element the most more renewed the when of expiring under arms, can ensure that metal material elements uses the time
Reach to maximize, be also avoided that the generation of major accident.
Technical scheme:
The device of a kind of quick detection metal material element elastic decay, including testing machine support section, testing machine hydraulic pressure
Driving means, metal material element retained part, heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part and the measurement of metal material element elastic decay
Part, testing machine support section is made up of tester base, testing machine door frame and testing machine crossbeam and constitutes the entirety of testing machine
Support；Testing machine fluid pressure drive device is vertically installed in the center of tester base, and the piston of testing machine fluid pressure drive device hangs down
Directly move upward；Metal material element retained part is by lower supporting linkage, lower platen, support inner leg, top board and upper
Support connecting rod is constituted, and metal material element is arranged at lower platen and top board, supports inner leg and is positioned in metal material element
The heart, lower supporting linkage is fixing with the piston of testing machine fluid pressure drive device to be connected, and upper supporting linkage top is provided with power sensing
Device is also fixed with testing machine crossbeam by upper flange plate；Heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part by electric heating heating furnace, lower cooling water pipe and
Upper cooling water pipe is constituted, and electric heating heating furnace is arranged at the retained part of metal material element, lower platen, support inner leg, upper pressure
Plate and metal material element are respectively positioned in electric heating heating furnace, are provided with hot pot arch silk, lower cooling water in electric heating heating furnace two side
Pipe is arranged on lower supporting linkage, and upper cooling water pipe is arranged on supporting linkage；The decay of metal material element elastic
Measurement part includes force transducer and computer, and force transducer is positioned at supporting linkage top, and force transducer carries out analog and turns
Change and pass through wire and be connected with computer.
A kind of method of testing utilizing described quick detection metal material element elastic attenuating device, comprises the following steps:
1) metal material element manipulation pressure and the determination of deflection
Determine rated operating pressure P of the metal material element of test0；
2) installation of metal material element
Test metal material element is arranged on the metal material element retained part designed, then is installed in
Between upper supporting linkage and lower supporting linkage on testing machine, the installation quantity of metal material element is single or multiple,
Installation form is serial or parallel connection, and when metal material element is single or connects, rated operating pressure is P0；Metal material element
During for parallel connection, rated operating pressure is nP0, n is quantity in parallel, metal material element is heated by needs, be incubated or
During temperature control, then electric furnace is arranged on upper supporting linkage and lower supporting linkage, and cooling water pipe is separately mounted to
On upper supporting linkage and lower supporting linkage；
3) add preloading
First opening cooling water pipe, be then turned on the power supply of testing machine hydraulic control device, testing machine hydraulic control device promotes
Lower supporting linkage, compressed metal material elements, the elastic force being depressed into metal material element is P0, keep testing machine hydraulic control dress
The position of the piston put no longer changes, and then electric heating heating furnace is warming up to the temperature of needs and is incubated；
4) data record
After electric heating furnace temp is stable, time T during value of elastic change and the number of elastic force Pt in recording 24-48 hour
Value, the deflection keeping metal material element is constant, records time T and the numerical value of elastic force Pt, make table in the data of output
Lattice data are stand-by；
5) data process
Processing list data obtained above with data processing software, available time T and the relation of elastic force Pt, through analyzing
Understand time T and elastic force Pt and meet curve equation: (1), arbitrarily choose above table data and bring curve equation (1) into and fall into a trap
Calculation draws a=at, b=bt, draw this elastic force attenuation curve formula (2)；
6) prediction of metal material component life
Inspection information understands value of elastic Pt during this metal material component failureLose, by PtLoseBring curve equation (2) into can count
Calculate the time t of this metal material component failureLose, its service life can be speculated.
Advantages of the present invention and providing the benefit that:
1) the method can test the relaxation situation of the different metal material element using temperature, detectable temperature
For-40～800 DEG C, meet the various applying working conditions of metal material element；
2) the method can predict 5 years in 24～48 hours, 10 years even metal material elements after decades
Working condition, is particularly well-suited to factory to the detection of the elastic performance of batches of metal material elements product and the prediction in life-span.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of this device.
Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation of metal material element disc spring.
Time T when value of elastic changes in 3000min when Fig. 3 is the disc spring of metal material element experiment specification used and bullet
The numerical curve of power P.
In figure: 1. testing machine fluid pressure drive device, the 2. piston of testing machine fluid pressure drive device, 3. descend supporting linkage,
4. electric heating heating furnace, 5. electric heating warming stove silk, 6. metal material element, 7. go up supporting linkage, 8. upper flange plate, 9. testing machine
Crossbeam, 10. force transducer, the upper cooling water pipe of 11a., cooling water pipe under 11b., 12. top boards, 13. support inner leg, 14. times
Pressing plate, 15. testing machine door frames, 16. tester base, 17. computers.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment:
A kind of quick detection metal material element elastic decay device, as it is shown in figure 1, include testing machine support section,
Testing machine fluid pressure drive device, metal material element retained part, heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part and metal material element elastic
The measurement part of decay, testing machine support section is made up of and structure tester base 16, testing machine door frame 15 and testing machine crossbeam 9
Become the integrated support of testing machine；Testing machine fluid pressure drive device 1 is vertically installed in the center of tester base 16, testing machine hydraulic pressure
Piston 2 upward vertical movement of driving means；Metal material element retained part is by lower supporting linkage 3, lower platen 14, support
Inner leg 13, top board 12 and upper supporting linkage 7 are constituted, metal material element 6 be arranged at lower platen 14 and top board 12 it
Between, support inner leg 13 and be positioned at the center of metal material element 6, lower supporting linkage 3 and the work of testing machine fluid pressure drive device
Plug 2 is fixing to be connected, and upper supporting linkage 7 top is provided with force transducer 10 and is fixed with testing machine crossbeam 9 by upper flange plate 8；
Heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part are made up of electric heating heating furnace 4, lower cooling water pipe 11b and upper cooling water pipe 11a, electric heating heating furnace 4
Being arranged at the retained part of metal material element 6, lower platen 14, support inner leg 13, top board 12 and metal material element 6 are equal
Being positioned at electric heating heating furnace 4, be provided with hot pot arch silk 5 in electric heating heating furnace 4 two side, lower cooling water pipe 11b is arranged at down and props up
In support connecting rod 3, upper cooling water pipe 11a is arranged on supporting linkage 7；The measurement part of metal material element elastic decay
Including force transducer 10 and computer 17, force transducer 10 is positioned at supporting linkage 7 top, and force transducer 10 carries out analog
Change and pass through wire and be connected with computer 17.
Described metal material element retained part can according to the shape of different metal material elements and characteristic designed, designed,
Facilitate the measurement that metal material element elastic is decayed.
A kind of method of testing utilizing described quick detection metal material element elastic attenuating device, comprises the following steps:
1) metal material element manipulation pressure and the determination of deflection
This experiment is disc spring with metal material element, material 60Si2MnA；Specification: 45mm × 22.5mm × 3.5mm ×
2.5mm；Two parallel connections are one group, and often group is connected, totally 40 disc springs, and the nominal load born is 15.4KN, in room temperature
Carry out under environment.
2) installation of metal material element
Being one group by test two parallel connections of metal material element disc spring, often group is connected, and totally 40, is arranged on design
On good metal material element retained part, as it is shown on figure 3, the upper supporting linkage being installed in again on testing machine and lower
Between support connecting rod.
3) add preloading
First opening cooling water pipe, be then turned on the power supply of testing machine hydraulic control device, testing machine hydraulic control device promotes
Lower supporting linkage, compressed metal material elements, the elastic force being depressed into metal material element is 15.4KN, keeps testing machine hydraulic pressure control
The position of the piston of device processed no longer changes, and then is warming up to need temperature and be incubated by electric heating heating furnace.
This experiment is to carry out at normal temperatures, so cooling water pipe need not open, electric furnace need not install.
4) data record
In record 3000min, time T during value of elastic change and the numerical value of elastic force Pt, keep the deformation of metal material element
Measuring constant, record time T and the numerical value of elastic force Pt, make form 1 in the data of output, data are stand-by；
Table 1
5) data process
List data obtained above, available time T and the relation of elastic force Pt, fitted figure is processed with data processing software
Such as Fig. 3, understand time T and elastic force Pt through analysis and meet curve equation: (1) P=a+b lnt, takes (t=10, P=in table
15.23), (t=1200, P=15.1) brings in formula (1) and calculates: a=15.2924, b=-0.02714, i.e. this gold
The elastic extenuation curve equation belonging to material elements disc spring is:
P=15.2924-0.02714 × lnt (2)
6) prediction of metal material component life
If the elastic extenuation rate a. setting this kind of disc spring lost efficacy when about 3.5%, the most now its elastic force is
15.4KN* (1-0.035)=14.861KN,
Bringing formula (2) into is 14.861=15.2924-0.02714xlnt
Solve lnt=15.8953574, t=8003243.0600094min=15.22687 ≈ 15 years
I.e. predict that this metal material element elastic extenuation rate ground 15 years when is 3.5%, now can determine whether this metal
Material elements lost efficacy.
Value of elastic when b. predicting this metal material element 10 years:
P10==14.8724KN
Its elastic force attenuation rate is:
X100%=3.42597% ≈ 3.43%
The serviceability of this element after judging 10 years further according to using requirement: its elastic extenuation rate is 3.43%.
Claims (2)
1. the device of a quick detection metal material element elastic decay, it is characterised in that: include testing machine support section, examination
Test machine fluid pressure drive device, metal material element retained part, heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part and metal material element elastic declines
The measurement part subtracted, testing machine support section is formed by tester base, testing machine door frame and testing machine crossbeam and is constituted test
The integrated support of machine；Testing machine fluid pressure drive device is vertically installed in the center of tester base, testing machine fluid pressure drive device
Piston upward vertical movement；Metal material element retained part is by lower supporting linkage, lower platen, support inner leg, upper pressure
Plate and upper supporting linkage are constituted, and metal material element is arranged at lower platen and top board, support inner leg and are positioned at metal material
The center of element, lower supporting linkage is fixing with the piston of testing machine fluid pressure drive device to be connected, and upper supporting linkage top sets
Force sensor is also fixed with testing machine crossbeam by upper flange plate；Heating and thermal insulation and temperature control part by electric heating heating furnace, under cold
But water pipe and upper cooling water pipe are constituted, and electric heating heating furnace is arranged at the retained part of metal material element, lower platen, support inner core
Post, top board and metal material element are respectively positioned in electric heating heating furnace, are provided with hot pot arch silk in electric heating heating furnace two side, under
Cooling water pipe is arranged on lower supporting linkage, and upper cooling water pipe is arranged on supporting linkage；Metal material element elastic
The measurement part of decay includes force transducer and computer, and force transducer is positioned at supporting linkage top, and force transducer is carried out
Analog/digital conversion is also connected with computer by wire.
2. utilize the method for testing quickly detecting metal material element elastic attenuating device described in claim 1, its feature
It is to comprise the following steps:
1) metal material element manipulation pressure and the determination of deflection
Determine rated operating pressure P of the metal material element of test0；
2) installation of metal material element
Test metal material element is arranged on the metal material element retained part designed, then is installed in test
Between upper supporting linkage and lower supporting linkage on machine, the installation quantity of metal material element is single or multiple, installs
Form is serial or parallel connection, and when metal material element is single or connects, rated operating pressure is P0；Metal material element is also
During connection, rated operating pressure is nP0, n is quantity in parallel, heats metal material element for needs, is incubated or temperature control
Time, then electric furnace is arranged on upper supporting linkage and lower supporting linkage, and is separately mounted to cooling water pipe prop up
In support connecting rod and lower supporting linkage；
3) add preloading
First opening cooling water pipe, be then turned on the power supply of testing machine hydraulic control device, testing machine hydraulic control device promotes lower
Support connecting rod, compressed metal material elements, the elastic force being depressed into metal material element is P0, keep testing machine hydraulic control device
The position of piston no longer changes, and then electric heating heating furnace is warming up to the temperature of needs and is incubated；
4) data record
After electric heating furnace temp is stable, in recording 24-48 hour, time T during value of elastic change and the numerical value of elastic force Pt, protect
The deflection holding metal material element is constant, records time T and the numerical value of elastic force Pt, make list data in the data of output
Stand-by；
5) data process
Process list data obtained above, available time T and the relation of elastic force Pt with data processing software, understand through analyzing
Time T and elastic force Pt meets curve equation: (1), arbitrarily chooses above table data and brings in curve equation (1) and calculate
Go out a=at, b=bt, draw this elastic force attenuation curve formula (2)；
6) prediction of metal material component life
Inspection information understands value of elastic Pt during this metal material component failureLose, by PtLoseBring curve equation (2) into can calculate
The time t of this metal material component failureLose, its service life can be speculated.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107389468A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-24 | 扬州大学 | The lower building structural materials testing experiment method of Thermal-mechanical Coupling effect |
| CN111929016A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-13 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Heating furnace and high-temperature high-cycle fatigue test device |
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2016
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| CN201575954U (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2010-09-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Loading device used for accelerated test of stress relaxation of spiral compression spring |
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| CN102650582B (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2014-04-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Leaf spring normal-temperature and high-temperature stress relaxation life predicting method |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 尹西岳: "温度、应力加速试验对螺旋压缩弹簧应力松弛行为的影响", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107389468A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-24 | 扬州大学 | The lower building structural materials testing experiment method of Thermal-mechanical Coupling effect |
| CN111929016A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-13 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Heating furnace and high-temperature high-cycle fatigue test device |
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Application publication date: 20161116 |
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