CN106122273A - 一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106122273A
CN106122273A CN201610584605.9A CN201610584605A CN106122273A CN 106122273 A CN106122273 A CN 106122273A CN 201610584605 A CN201610584605 A CN 201610584605A CN 106122273 A CN106122273 A CN 106122273A
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余寅生
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ANHUI SILVER-BALL BEARING Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F2003/023—Lubricant mixed with the metal powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/02—Mechanical properties
    • F16C2202/04—Hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/20—Thermal properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/50—Lubricating properties
    • F16C2202/52—Graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps

Abstract

本发明公开了一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法，该方法的具体步骤包括对原料粉体研磨共混、溶胶包覆并高温处理改性形成自润滑粉末原料，然后经过压制成型、烧结，最后表面处理的过程，其中原料粉体按照质量百分比由如下成分配比而成：铜钴铁粉10‑15%，铝粉3‑5%，锡粉1‑2%，钨粉1‑2%，石墨3‑5%，余量为铁粉。本发明的自润滑轴承兼具优良的自润滑功能和机械性能，耐高温性能好，同时具有良好的耐疲劳、抗冲击性能，适合水泵使用。

Description

一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轴承的制备方法，尤其涉及一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法。
背景技术
轴承是当代机械设备中的重要零部件，它的主要功能是支撑机械旋转体。随着机械的运转速度和负荷的增加，以及恶劣工况的需求，对轴承的润滑性提出了更高的要求。自润滑材料轴承技术由于省去润滑装置和润滑油脂的密封装置，使轴承的设计大大简化，成本大幅度降低，具有良好的经济以及生态环境效益，成为目前的发展趋势。其中机械强度高和摩擦性能好的自润滑复合材料的开发成为摩擦学领域的重要热点。
粉末冶金自润滑技术通过把固体润滑剂添加到金属基体原料中制得自润滑轴承复合材料。自润滑轴承在运动时在相对滑动表面形成一层较为稳定的润滑膜，同时靠"自耗"修复被损伤的润滑膜，达到良好的润滑和减摩效果，在机械制造领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，粉末冶金自润滑轴承材料往往存在高温环境下容易氧化、机械强度低等问题。专利201310414116.5通过添加适量的硫化铁、锰铁粉制得自润滑轴承材料，一定程度上提高了材料的耐高温性能，但对机械性能提升有限，无法提供高质量的自润滑轴承材料，满足日益增长的需求。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种兼具良好耐高温性能和机械强度的水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下具体步骤：
（1）原料粉体的制备，所述原料粉体由如下原料按质量百分比配比而成：铜钴铁粉10-15%，铝粉3-5%，锡粉1-2%，钨粉1-2%，石墨3-5%，余量为铁粉，将粒度为200-300μm的各原料放入球磨机中研磨2-4小时，即得所述原料粉体；
（2）复合溶胶的制备，所述复合溶胶由下列重量份的原料制成：醋酸丁酸纤维素0.3-0.5，正硅酸乙酯0.5-1，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷3-5，纳米石墨粉0.5-1，纳米硼纤维1-1.5，无水乙醇3-5，4-8%醋酸溶液10-15，丁苯乳液0.5-1，所述复合溶胶的制备方法是先将正硅酸乙酯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、醋酸丁酸纤维素与无水乙醇混合，然后加入纳米石墨粉、纳米硼纤维分散均匀，最后缓慢滴加入醋酸溶液中60-70℃搅拌0.5-1h，冷却后将pH调至中性，加入其余原料搅拌均匀后常温静置1-2h，即得复合溶胶；
（3）原料粉体的改性，将步骤（1）中的混合粉体与步骤（2）中的复合溶胶按重量8:1-10:1混合搅拌均匀，100-120℃干燥处理3-5h后于惰性气氛下600-800℃热处理2-4h，冷却后于球磨机中研磨1-2h，得自润滑粉末原料；
（4）轴承毛坯的制备，先将步骤（3）中的自润滑粉末原料装入轴套模具中于550-650MPa进行压制，保压时间为5-10min，然后放入烧结炉中于惰性气氛下1200℃-1250℃烧结1-2h，得到轴承毛坯；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的轴承毛坯进行表面处理，即得水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承。
本发明的优点是：
本发明利用正硅酸乙酯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷水解并与纳米石墨粉等共混形成的复合溶胶对铁粉、石墨等原料粉体进行包覆，然后高温处理，在原料粉体之间的界面上形成均匀的SiC/Si02复合包覆层，既能起到提升耐高温、耐磨耗性能以及硬度的功效，又能起到改善自润滑性能的作用，并且材料之间结合力强，机械性能好；同时，通过原料粉体与其余原料的选择与复配增效作用，使得到的自润滑轴承兼具优良的自润滑功能和机械性能，耐高温性能好，同时具有良好的耐疲劳、抗冲击性能，适合水泵使用。
具体实施方式
一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法，方法包括以下具体步骤：
（1）原料粉体的制备，所述原料粉体由如下原料按质量百分比配比而成：铜钴铁粉10%，铝粉3%，锡粉1%，钨粉1%，石墨3%，余量为铁粉，将粒度为200-300μm的各原料放入球磨机中研磨2小时，即得所述原料粉体；
（2）复合溶胶的制备，所述复合溶胶由下列重量份的原料制成：醋酸丁酸纤维素0.3，正硅酸乙酯0.5，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷3，纳米石墨粉0.5，纳米硼纤维1，无水乙醇3，4%醋酸溶液10，丁苯乳液0.5，所述复合溶胶的制备方法是先将正硅酸乙酯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、醋酸丁酸纤维素与无水乙醇混合，然后加入纳米石墨粉、纳米硼纤维分散均匀，最后缓慢滴加入醋酸溶液中60℃搅拌0.5h，冷却后将pH调至中性，加入其余原料搅拌均匀后常温静置1h，即得复合溶胶；
（3）原料粉体的改性，将步骤（1）中的混合粉体与步骤（2）中的复合溶胶按重量8:1混合搅拌均匀，100℃干燥处理3h后于惰性气氛下600℃热处理2h，冷却后于球磨机中研磨1h，得自润滑粉末原料；
（4）轴承毛坯的制备，先将步骤（3）中的自润滑粉末原料装入轴套模具中于550MPa进行压制，保压时间为5min，然后放入烧结炉中于惰性气氛下1200℃℃烧结1h，得到轴承毛坯；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的轴承毛坯进行表面处理，即得水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承。
经检验，上述制得的轴承材料性能如下：
最大承载力（N）：3720；
磨损量（mm）：0.225；
适用最高温度：600℃。

Claims (1)

1.一种水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下具体步骤：
（1）原料粉体的制备，所述原料粉体由如下原料按质量百分比配比而成：铜钴铁粉10-15%，铝粉3-5%，锡粉1-2%，钨粉1-2%，石墨3-5%，余量为铁粉，将粒度为200-300μm的各原料放入球磨机中研磨2-4小时，即得所述原料粉体；
（2）复合溶胶的制备，所述复合溶胶由下列重量份的原料制成：醋酸丁酸纤维素0.3-0.5，正硅酸乙酯0.5-1，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷3-5，纳米石墨粉0.5-1，纳米硼纤维1-1.5，无水乙醇3-5，4-8%醋酸溶液10-15，丁苯乳液0.5-1，所述复合溶胶的制备方法是先将正硅酸乙酯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、醋酸丁酸纤维素与无水乙醇混合，然后加入纳米石墨粉、纳米硼纤维分散均匀，最后缓慢滴加入醋酸溶液中60-70℃搅拌0.5-1h，冷却后将pH调至中性，加入其余原料搅拌均匀后常温静置1-2h，即得复合溶胶；
（3）原料粉体的改性，将步骤（1）中的混合粉体与步骤（2）中的复合溶胶按重量8:1-10:1混合搅拌均匀，100-120℃干燥处理3-5h后于惰性气氛下600-800℃热处理2-4h，冷却后于球磨机中研磨1-2h，得自润滑粉末原料；
（4）轴承毛坯的制备，先将步骤（3）中的自润滑粉末原料装入轴套模具中于550-650MPa进行压制，保压时间为5-10min，然后放入烧结炉中于惰性气氛下1200℃-1250℃烧结1-2h，得到轴承毛坯；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的轴承毛坯进行表面处理，即得水泵用耐冲击自润滑轴承。
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CN103602849A (zh) * 2013-10-10 2014-02-26 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 一种铜基合金滑动轴承材料及其制备方法
CN104893169A (zh) * 2015-06-16 2015-09-09 合肥吉科新材料有限公司 一种密封件用润滑塑料

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CN102251183A (zh) * 2011-07-12 2011-11-23 北京工业大学 一种含硼高铬耐磨合金及其制备方法
CN103602849A (zh) * 2013-10-10 2014-02-26 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 一种铜基合金滑动轴承材料及其制备方法
CN103537678A (zh) * 2013-10-11 2014-01-29 芜湖市鸿坤汽车零部件有限公司 一种粉末冶金汽车轴承及其制备方法
CN104893169A (zh) * 2015-06-16 2015-09-09 合肥吉科新材料有限公司 一种密封件用润滑塑料

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