CN106121823A - The flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of aircraft and method for designing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of aircraft flow-field visualized glass window of special-shaped curved inner flow passage and method for designing, and for observing the irregular three-dimensional special-shaped curved surface inner flow passage flow field being made up of series of discrete point, glass window comprises two logical optical surfaces, inner surface C₁Completely the same with inner flow passage wall, outer surface C₂For correction curved surface, for eliminating the deflection of light that inner surface produces, make directional light still for directional light after optical glass observation window passes；The flow field utilizing this observation window to observe special-shaped curved inner flow passage is not result in deviation and the intersection of light, the undistorted phenomenon of fluidal texture observed, can realize arbitrary special-shaped curved inner flow passage three-dimensional flow field is carried out optical non-contact measurement experimental Study on Visualization, this method for designing can be not only used for the FLOW VISUALIZATION of interior stream, it may also be used for infrared seeker, the design of Special-Shaped Surface radar wave transparent window.

Description

The flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of aircraft and method for designing

Technical field

The invention belongs to aeromechanics technology field, be a kind of aircraft flow-field visualized glass of special-shaped curved inner flow passage Observation window and method for designing thereof.

Background technology

Hypersonic aircraft have quickly arrive at, at a high speed prominent anti-ability, be the emphasis paid close attention to of each military power of the world. Using air suction type super burn electromotor or combined engine is the hypersonic aircraft of power, by the oxygen in capture air Gas, decreases oxidant carrying amount, so that aircraft obtains the highest performance, becomes the commanding elevation of 21 century development in science and technology. The widely used interior rotatable air intake duct of scramjet engine of hypersonic aircraft compresses air inlet component as it.

The interior rotatable air intake duct that hypersonic aircraft uses, owing to using three dimensions compression, have compression efficiency high, The advantages such as resistance is little a, it has also become important directions of current air suction type hypersonic dynamical system technology development, and from previously The Design Theory stage moving towards the practice stage.

The profile of interior rotatable air intake duct is all special-shaped curved, and configuration is different from routine, and the method for designing of viewed in plan window is Cannot use in the design of special-shaped curved observation window, and use general curved surface observation window design can cause the inclined of light Folding, causes the fluidal texture distortion observed, brings difficulty to the flowing within experimental observation, such as Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b) institute Show, thus in obtaining in test, flow structure has become a big bottleneck of research.

Need for this to develop the observation window method for designing that new adaptation is special-shaped curved, effectively to show this kind of Complex Flows Structure, thus help to carry out flowing law analysis, preferably carry out interior rotatable Design of Inlet.

Both at home and abroad in Flow Field In An Inlet experimental Study on Visualization, it is mainly manifested in following two aspect: 1. owing to observing Inside and outside window, to be plane easily designed for wall, and conventional two-dimensional hypersonic inlet flow field experimental Study on Visualization compares into Ripe.2. it is difficult to design due to special-shaped curved glass window, except obtaining Visualization result outside interior rotatable air intake duct Outward, there is not yet hypersonic interior rotatable Flow Field In An Inlet Visualization result.

In prior art because glass window method for designing on there is difficulty, it is impossible in effectively obtaining three-dimensional rotatable enter Air flue flow field Visualization result.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: by the flow-field visualized glass window of special-shaped curved inner flow passage and set Meter method, the design philosophy of the dummy vehicle plate glass observation window broken traditions, by ripe optical non-contact measurement Method rotates into flow structure result of the test in air flue in obtaining hypersonic aircraft, grinds for flow analysis and hypersonic aircraft The reliable test basis of offer is provided.

Therefore, the present invention to design only according to known special-shaped curved inner flow passage wall as the inner surface of windowpane The optical surface of one is as the outer surface of windowpane so that incident beam after windowpane, the transmission direction of outgoing beam with Incident beam is consistent, as shown in Figure 2.

For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of aircraft flow-field visualized glass window of special-shaped curved inner flow passage, for observing by series of discrete point structure The irregular three-dimensional special-shaped curved surface inner flow passage flow field become, including two logical optical surfaces, respectively inner surface C₁With outer surface C₂, Described glass window inner surface C₁Completely the same with inner flow passage wall, light produces deviation and intersection, glass after inner surface Glass observation window outer surface C₂For correction curved surface, for eliminating the deflection of light that inner surface produces, directional light is made to see from optical glass Examine after window passes still for directional light.

It is preferred that, the method for designing of the flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of described aircraft For: selecting the positive direction that incident direction is X-axis of light, the plane being perpendicular to incident illumination direction is that YZ plane is to set up three-dimensional coordinate It is OXYZ；Curved surface C₁Being the wall of special-shaped curved inner flow passage, it is discrete point P₁Set, known when being inner flow passage modelling Data, after selected glass material and optical glass thickness, refractive index n of glass is known with the center thickness d of glass；Light is put down Row arrives P in X-axis incidence₁Point, through curved surface C₁C is arrived after refraction₂P on face₂Point, then through C₂After curved refractive the most parallel In X-axis outgoing, the final goal of optical glass observation window design obtains P exactly₂Curved surface C is determined in the set of point₂, C₂It is to observe The outer surface of window, that is: known curved surface C₁, refractive index n of given glass and the center thickness d of glass, seek curved surface C₂So that enter C is passed through in the parallel rays penetrated₁-C₂Still exiting parallel after the glass constituted.

It is preferred that, described windowpane is obtained by following method for designing: P₁(a, b c) are curved surface C₁Upper known Any point, according to C₁P on surface₁Four points of some near its circumference, ask multiplication cross to obtain P₁The normal l of point, makes its unit vector be L=(l₁,l₂,l₃), according to the law of refraction of light, arrive P₁The incident ray of point, emergent ray P₁P₂, C₁Face is at P₁The normal l of point Three lines are coplanar, and:

$\frac{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_1}{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_2}=n_{1,2}=n---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{sin\α}}_1=\sqrt{l_2^2+l_3^2}---\left(2\right)$

α is obtained according to (1), (2)₁、α₂；According to Fermat's principle, Q₁It is P₁At the projection of X-direction, Q₃、Q₂It is X-axis respectively And C₁Face, C₂The intersection point in face；P₃It is C₂From P on face₂A bit on the light of some outgoing, its projection in X-axis is Q₂；Light from P₁Point arrives P₃The light path of point and light are from Q₁Point arrives Q₂The equivalent optical path of point, makes C₂A P is sought on face₂(x, y, z), Q₃Point abscissa a₃, then have:

n|P₁P₂|+|P₂P₃|=| Q₁Q₃|+n|Q₃Q₂| (3)

That is:

$\frac{n(x-a)}{\cos ({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)}+(d+a_3-x)=(a_3-a)+dn---\left(4\right)$

Because P₁P₂With l in the same plane, then have:

$\sqrt{{(y-b)}^2+{(z-c)}^2}=(x-a)tan({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)---\left(5\right)$

Or

Simultaneous (4), (5), (6) obtain P₂(x, y, z), all P₂(x, y, set z) just obtains curved surface C₂。

For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides for a kind of aircraft flow-field visualized glass of special-shaped curved inner flow passage The method for designing of observation window, comprises the steps:

P₁(a, b c) are curved surface C₁Upper known any point, according to C₁P on surface₁Four points of some near its circumference, ask Multiplication cross obtains P₁The normal l of point, making its unit vector is l=(l₁,l₂,l₃), according to the law of refraction of light, arrive P₁The incidence of point Light, emergent ray P₁P₂, C₁Face is at P₁Normal l tri-line of point is coplanar, and:

$\frac{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_1}{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_2}=n_{1,2}=n---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{sin\α}}_1=\sqrt{l_2^2+l_3^2}---\left(2\right)$

α is obtained according to (1), (2)₁、α₂；According to Fermat's principle, Q₁It is P₁At the projection of X-direction, Q₃、Q₂It is X-axis respectively And C₁Face, C₂The intersection point in face；P₃It is C₂From P on face₂A bit on the light of some outgoing, its projection in X-axis is Q₂；Light from P₁Point arrives P₃The light path of point and light are from Q₁Point arrives Q₂The equivalent optical path of point, makes C₂A P is sought on face₂(x, y, z), Q₃Point abscissa a₃, then have:

n|P₁P₂|+|P₂P₃|=| Q₁Q₃|+n|Q₃Q₂| (3)

That is:

$\frac{n(x-a)}{\cos ({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)}+(d+a_3-x)=(a_3-a)+dn---\left(4\right)$

Because P₁P₂With l in the same plane, then have:

$\sqrt{{(y-b)}^2+{(z-c)}^2}=(x-a)tan({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)---\left(5\right)$

Or

Simultaneous (4), (5), (6) obtain P₂(x, y, z), all P₂(x, y, set z) just obtains curved surface C₂。

The invention have the benefit that incidence parallel rays by method for designing of the present invention design by C₁Face and C₂Still exiting parallel after the visualization glass that face is constituted, utilizes this observation window to observe the flowing of special-shaped curved inner flow passage and is not result in The deviation of light and intersection, it was observed that the undistorted phenomenon of fluidal texture, observed by this special-shaped curved inner flow passage optical glass Window, it is possible to achieve arbitrary special-shaped curved inner flow passage three-dimensional flow field is carried out optical non-contact measurement experimental Study on Visualization is logical The optical non-contact measurement method of post-mature rotates into flow structure result of the test in air flue in obtaining hypersonic aircraft, for flowing Analyzing and hypersonic aircraft research provides reliable test basis, this method for designing can be not only used for the flowing of interior stream and shows Show, it may also be used for infrared seeker, the design of Special-Shaped Surface radar wave transparent window.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b) is rotatable air intake duct flow field result of calculation in certain, and wherein Fig. 1 (a) is plane of symmetry flow field knot Structure, Fig. 1 (b) is internal channel throatpiston flow field structure；

Fig. 2 is special-shaped curved glass window beam Propagation schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 is optical windshield design principle figure；

Fig. 4 is interior rotatable air intake duct model structure sketch；

Fig. 5 is to use special-shaped curved inner flow passage for profile in the air intake duct model in Fig. 4 and the position, flow field shown in Fig. 1 A pair special-shaped curved optical glass observation window that flow-field visualized glass window method for designing designs.

Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (d) is the TracePro the result figure of Special-Shaped Surface windowpane:

Fig. 6 (a) is the launching spot away from first piece of glass 40mm position；

Fig. 6 (b) is the hot spot between two windowpanes；

Fig. 6 (c) is the emergent light spot away from second piece of glass 50mm position；

Fig. 6 (d) is the emergent light spot away from second piece of glass 500mm position.

Detailed description of the invention

Below by way of specific instantiation, embodiments of the present invention being described, those skilled in the art can be by this specification Disclosed content understands other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.The present invention can also be by the most different concrete realities The mode of executing is carried out or applies, the every details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from Various modification or change is carried out under the spirit of the present invention.

Special-shaped curved inner flow passage is an irregular three-dimension curved surface being made up of series of discrete point, these curved surfaces One what is common is that and can not be described with simple math equation.

Special-shaped curved inner flow passage optical glass observation window designs, it is simply that the inner surface of glass window must be with inner flow passage wall Face is completely the same, and the inner surface of such glass window is equivalent to a light refraction face, certainly will cause the deviation of light.If Timing, we add correction curved surface in the optical path, it is possible to eliminate the deflection of light impact that inner surface produces, it is ensured that light beam is from light Learn and do not produce deflection of light, i.e. directional light after glass window passes from first piece of glass window entrance inner flow passage test section still For directional light, also it is that directional light, i.e. windowpane simply play blanket gas after test section outgoing passes second piece of glass window Stream and the effect of optics flow visual optical glass observation window, and the impact of optical lens deviation can not be produced completely.

In order to make light path easy to adjust and simplify processor, we using the correction curved surface added in the optical path as glass The outer surface of window, just can meet the design requirement of special-shaped curved inner flow passage optical glass observation window by reasonably design.

As it is shown on figure 3, a kind of aircraft flow-field visualized glass window of special-shaped curved inner flow passage, for observing by one it is The irregular three-dimensional special-shaped curved surface inner flow passage that row discrete point is constituted, including two logical optical surfaces, respectively inner surface C₁Outward Surface C₂, described glass window inner surface C₁Completely the same with inner flow passage wall, light produces deviation, glass after inner surface Glass observation window outer surface C₂For correction curved surface, for eliminating deflection of light and the intersection that inner surface produces, make directional light from optics Glass window is still directional light after passing.

The method for designing of the flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of described aircraft is: select entering of light Penetrating the positive direction that direction is X-axis, the plane being perpendicular to incident illumination direction is that YZ plane is to set up three-dimensional system of coordinate OXYZ；Curved surface C₁ Being the wall of special-shaped curved inner flow passage, it is discrete point P₁Set, known data when being inner flow passage modelling, selected glass After glass material and optical glass thickness, refractive index n of glass is known with the center thickness d of glass；Light ray parallel incides in X-axis Reach P₁Point, through curved surface C₁C is arrived after refraction₂P on face₂Point, then through C₂X-axis outgoing, light it is once again parallel to after curved refractive The final goal learning glass window design obtains P exactly₂Curved surface C is determined in the set of point₂, C₂It is the outer surface of observation window, also That is: known curved surface C₁, refractive index n of given glass and the center thickness d of glass, seek curved surface C₂So that incident parallel rays is led to Cross C₁-C₂Still exiting parallel after the glass constituted.

P₁(a, b c) are curved surface C₁Upper known any point, according to C₁P on surface₁Four points of some near its circumference, ask Multiplication cross obtains P₁The normal l of point, making its unit vector is l=(l₁,l₂,l₃), according to the law of refraction of light, arrive P₁The incidence of point Light, emergent ray P₁P₂, C₁Face is at P₁Normal l tri-line of point is coplanar, and:

$\frac{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_1}{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_2}=n_{1,2}=n---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{sin\α}}_1=\sqrt{l_2^2+l_3^2}---\left(2\right)$

α is obtained according to (1), (2)₁、α₂；According to Fermat's principle, Q₁It is P₁At the projection of X-direction, Q₃、Q₂It is X-axis respectively And C₁Face, C₂The intersection point in face；P₃It is C₂From P on face₂A bit on the light of some outgoing, its projection in X-axis is Q₂；Light from P₁Point arrives P₃The light path of point and light are from Q₁Point arrives Q₂The equivalent optical path of point, makes C₂A P is sought on face₂(x, y, z), Q₃Point abscissa a₃, then have:

n|P₁P₂|+|P₂P₃|=| Q₁Q₃|+n|Q₃Q₂| (3)

That is:

$\frac{n(x-a)}{\cos ({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)}+(d+a_3-x)=(a_3-a)+dn---\left(4\right)$

Because P₁P₂With l in the same plane, then have:

$\sqrt{{(y-b)}^2+{(z-c)}^2}=(x-a)tan({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)---\left(5\right)$

Or

Simultaneous (4), (5), (6) obtain P₂(x, y, z), all P₂(x, y, set z) just obtains curved surface C₂。

Fig. 4 is interior rotatable air intake duct model structure sketch；

Fig. 5 is to use special-shaped curved inner flow passage for profile in the air intake duct model in Fig. 4 and the position, flow field shown in Fig. 1 A pair special-shaped curved optical glass observation window that flow-field visualized glass window method for designing designs.

Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (d) is the TracePro the result figure of Special-Shaped Surface windowpane:

Fig. 6 (a) is the launching spot away from first piece of glass 40mm position；

Fig. 6 (b) is the hot spot between two windowpanes；

Fig. 6 (c) is the emergent light spot away from second piece of glass 50mm position；

Fig. 6 (d) is the emergent light spot away from second piece of glass 500mm position.

TracePro is a set of light mould being commonly used to illuminator, optical analysis, radiometric analysis and photometric analysis Intend software.We use ray-tracing software Tracepro to verify design result, can from Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (d) Go out: collimated light beam is by after two group windows, and light spot shape has almost no change, and equalization of intensity is preferable, and incidence is described Parallel rays by method for designing of the present invention design by C₁Face and C₂Face constitute visualization glass after the most parallel go out Penetrate.

The principle of above-described embodiment only illustrative present invention and effect thereof, not for limiting the present invention.Any ripe Above-described embodiment all can be modified under the spirit and the scope of the present invention or change by the personage knowing this technology.Cause This, have usually intellectual and completed under technological thought without departing from disclosed spirit in all art All equivalence modify or change, must be contained by the claim of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of aircraft, is made up of series of discrete point for observing Irregular three-dimensional special-shaped curved surface inner flow passage flow field, it is characterised in that: include two logical optical surfaces, respectively inner surface C₁With Outer surface C₂, described glass window inner surface C₁Completely the same with inner flow passage wall, light produces deviation after inner surface, Glass window outer surface C₂For correction curved surface, for eliminating deflection of light and the intersection that inner surface produces, make directional light from light Learn after glass window passes still for directional light.

The flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of aircraft the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Its method for designing is: selecting the positive direction that incident direction is X-axis of light, the plane being perpendicular to incident illumination direction is that YZ plane is built Vertical three-dimensional system of coordinate OXYZ；Curved surface C₁Being the wall of special-shaped curved inner flow passage, it is discrete point P₁Set, be inner flow passage model Known data during design, after selected glass material and optical glass thickness, refractive index n of glass and the center thickness d of glass Known；Light ray parallel arrives P in X-axis incidence₁Point, through curved surface C₁C is arrived after refraction₂P on face₂Point, then through C₂Curved surface is rolled over Being once again parallel to X-axis outgoing after penetrating, the final goal of optical glass observation window design obtains P exactly₂Song is determined in the set of point Face C₂, C₂It is the outer surface of observation window, that is: known curved surface C₁, refractive index n of given glass and the center thickness d of glass, ask Curved surface C₂So that C is passed through in incident parallel rays₁-C₂Still exiting parallel after the glass constituted.

The flow-field visualized glass window of the special-shaped curved inner flow passage of aircraft the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that Its method for designing is as follows: P₁(a, b c) are curved surface C₁Upper known any point, according to C₁P on surface₁The four of point near its circumference Individual, ask multiplication cross to obtain P₁The normal l of point, making its unit vector is l=(l₁,l₂,l₃), according to the law of refraction of light, arrive P₁ The incident ray of point, emergent ray P₁P₂, C₁Face is at P₁Normal l tri-line of point is coplanar, and:

$\frac{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_1}{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_2}=n_{1,2}=n---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{sin\α}}_1=\sqrt{l_2^2+l_3^2}---\left(2\right)$

α is obtained according to (1), (2)₁、α₂；According to Fermat's principle, Q₁It is P₁At the projection of X-direction, Q₃、Q₂It is X-axis and C respectively₁ Face, C₂The intersection point in face；P₃It is C₂From P on face₂A bit on the light of some outgoing, its projection in X-axis is Q₂；Light is from P₁Point To P₃The light path of point and light are from Q₁Point arrives Q₂The equivalent optical path of point, makes C₂A P is sought on face₂(x, y, z), Q₃Point abscissa a₃, So have:

n|P₁P₂|+|P₂P₃|=| Q₁Q₃|+n|Q₃Q₂| (3)

That is:

$\frac{n(x-a)}{\cos ({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)}+(d+a_3-x)=(a_3-a)+dn---\left(4\right)$

Because P₁P₂With l in the same plane, then have:

$\sqrt{{(y-b)}^2+{(z-c)}^2}=(x-a)tan({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)---\left(5\right)$

Or

Simultaneous (4), (5), (6) obtain P₂(x, y, z), all P₂(x, y, set z) just obtains curved surface C₂。

4. according to the design of the aircraft flow-field visualized glass window of special-shaped curved inner flow passage described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 Method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

P₁(a, b c) are curved surface C₁Upper known any point, according to C₁P on surface₁Four points of some near its circumference, ask multiplication cross to obtain To P₁The normal l of point, making its unit vector is l=(l₁,l₂,l₃), according to the law of refraction of light, arrive P₁The incident ray of point, Emergent ray P₁P₂, C₁Face is at P₁Normal l tri-line of point is coplanar, and:

$\frac{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_1}{{\mathrm{sin\α}}_2}=n_{1,2}=n---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{sin\α}}_1=\sqrt{l_2^2+l_3^2}---\left(2\right)$

α is obtained according to (1), (2)₁、α₂；According to Fermat's principle, Q₁It is P₁At the projection of X-direction, Q₃、Q₂It is X-axis and C respectively₁ Face, C₂The intersection point in face；P₃It is C₂From P on face₂A bit on the light of some outgoing, its projection in X-axis is Q₂；Light is from P₁Point To P₃The light path of point and light are from Q₁Point arrives Q₂The equivalent optical path of point, makes C₂A P is sought on face₂(x, y, z), Q₃Point abscissa a₃, So have:

n|P₁P₂|+|P₂P₃|=| Q₁Q₃|+n|Q₃Q₂| (3)

That is:

$\frac{n(x-a)}{\cos ({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)}+(d+a_3-x)=(a_3-a)+dn---\left(4\right)$

Because P₁P₂With l in the same plane, then have:

$\sqrt{{(y-b)}^2+{(z-c)}^2}=(x-a)tan({\mathrm{\α}}_1-{\mathrm{\α}}_2)---\left(5\right)$

Or

Simultaneous (4), (5), (6) obtain P₂(x, y, z), all P₂(x, y, set z) just obtains curved surface C₂。