CN106110833A - A kind of new technology processing industry VOCs waste gas - Google Patents
A kind of new technology processing industry VOCs waste gas Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1487—Removing organic compounds
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
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- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
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- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种处理工业VOCs废气的新工艺，工艺流程为：VOCs废气进吸收塔与来自吸收液储罐的微乳液逆向接触，吸收去除部分VOCs。之后废气进吸附塔，在塔内与活性炭接触，进一步吸附去除VOCs后从吸附塔上方进行排放。当吸附塔的活性炭饱和后，停止进废气，废气进备用吸附塔处理。往吸附塔底部通蒸汽对活性炭进行脱附，脱附出的废气与蒸汽进入吸收塔处理。当备用吸附塔的活性炭饱和后采相同的处理方法。吸收塔吸收液饱和后进吸收液再生器处理，再生出的吸收液进吸收液储罐循环使用，解吸出的有机质进回收储罐，据回收价值进行回收或焚烧。整个工艺简单易操作、处理率高、所需设备少、能耗低，无二次污染，有很好的市场应用前景。
The invention relates to a new process for treating industrial VOCs waste gas. The process flow is as follows: the VOCs waste gas enters an absorption tower and contacts in reverse with a microemulsion from an absorption liquid storage tank to absorb and remove part of the VOCs. After that, the exhaust gas enters the adsorption tower, where it contacts with activated carbon, further absorbs and removes VOCs, and then discharges from the top of the adsorption tower. When the activated carbon in the adsorption tower is saturated, the exhaust gas is stopped, and the exhaust gas enters the standby adsorption tower for treatment. Pass steam to the bottom of the adsorption tower to desorb the activated carbon, and the desorbed waste gas and steam enter the absorption tower for treatment. When the activated carbon in the standby adsorption tower is saturated, the same treatment method is adopted. After the absorption tower is saturated, it enters the absorption liquid regenerator for treatment, and the regenerated absorption liquid enters the absorption liquid storage tank for recycling, and the desorbed organic matter enters the recovery storage tank, and is recycled or incinerated according to the recovery value. The whole process is simple and easy to operate, with high treatment rate, less equipment required, low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, and has a good market application prospect.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及有机废气处理领域，具体说是一种处理工业VOCs废气的新工艺。The invention relates to the field of organic waste gas treatment, in particular to a new process for treating industrial VOCs waste gas.
背景技术Background technique
雾霾是当前大气污染治理的重点，造成雾霾的主要元凶是PM2.5的排放，而VOCs作为产生PM2.5的主要前体物，其造成的危害是不可忽视的。在我国，VOCs（volatile organiccompounds）挥发性有机物，是指常温下饱和蒸汽压大于70 Pa、常压下沸点在260℃以下的有机化合物，或在20℃条件下蒸汽压大于或者等于10 Pa具有相应挥发性的全部有机化合物。我国目前的VOCs总排放量大，在使用有机溶剂的各个场合中，如喷漆、印刷、粘合剂、制药、塑料、橡胶、石油等加工生产场所，不可避免地都会产生VOCs。尽管随着国家对VOCs的重视程度的加强，不断地有针对VOCs的处理方法被研发成功，相应的处理效率和处理量也逐年提高，其中吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法、催化法、燃烧法及生物法是目前具有市场应用前景的方法，但是这些方法存在应用形式单一，使用管理不便，处理效率不合格以及会产生二次污染等问题，国内真正能够满足各大企业VOCs废气处理要求，环保实用的VOCs处理工艺仍处于空白阶段，加之随着政府监管力度的加大和各行各业标准的提高，寻找一种环保有效的VOCs治理方法已经成为了当务之急。Smog is the focus of current air pollution control. The main culprit of smog is the emission of PM 2.5 . As the main precursor of PM 2.5 , the harm caused by VOCs cannot be ignored. In my country, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) refer to organic compounds with a saturated vapor pressure greater than 70 Pa at normal temperature and a boiling point below 260 °C at normal pressure, or with a corresponding vapor pressure greater than or equal to 10 Pa at 20 °C. Volatile organic compounds. At present, the total emission of VOCs in our country is large. In various occasions where organic solvents are used, such as painting, printing, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, plastics, rubber, petroleum and other processing and production sites, VOCs will inevitably be generated. Although with the strengthening of the country's emphasis on VOCs, treatment methods for VOCs have been successfully developed, and the corresponding treatment efficiency and treatment capacity have also increased year by year. Among them, absorption method, adsorption method, condensation method, catalytic method, combustion method And biological methods are methods with market application prospects at present, but these methods have problems such as single application form, inconvenient use and management, unqualified treatment efficiency and secondary pollution. Domestically, they can really meet the VOCs waste gas treatment requirements of major enterprises and are environmentally friendly. The practical VOCs treatment process is still in the blank stage, and with the strengthening of government supervision and the improvement of standards in all walks of life, it has become an urgent task to find an environmentally friendly and effective VOCs treatment method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述的技术缺陷，本发明提供了一种处理工业的VOCs废气的新工艺。In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects, the present invention provides a new process for treating industrial VOCs waste gas.
本发明采用的工艺方案为：The technological scheme that the present invention adopts is:
一种处理工业VOCs废气的新工艺，包括：A new process for treating industrial VOCs waste gas, including:
工艺由微乳液吸收塔、微乳液储罐、活性炭吸附塔、备用活性炭吸附塔、吸收液再生器和回收储罐组成。The process consists of microemulsion absorption tower, microemulsion storage tank, activated carbon adsorption tower, standby activated carbon adsorption tower, absorption liquid regenerator and recovery storage tank.
工艺流程包括以下几个阶段：The process flow includes the following stages:
a. 吸收处理阶段：将工业VOCs废气从下方通入吸收塔，废气在塔内向上进入填料层与来自吸收液储罐的通过布液器向下喷淋的吸收液逆向接触，通过吸收液对VOCs废气的溶解性去除部分VOCs。实验表明该阶段的VOCs去除效率在85%以上。 a. Absorption treatment stage: the industrial VOCs waste gas is passed into the absorption tower from below, and the waste gas enters the packing layer upwards in the tower and is in reverse contact with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid storage tank that is sprayed downward through the liquid distributor. The solubility of VOCs exhaust gas removes some VOCs. Experiments show that the removal efficiency of VOCs at this stage is above 85%.
b. 吸附处理阶段：经过吸收处理后的废气从吸收塔上方离开从吸附塔下方进入吸附塔，在塔内通过与活性炭表面接触时产生的吸引力进一步去除有机废气，实验表明该阶段剩余VOCs的去除效率在95%以上。b. Adsorption treatment stage: The exhaust gas after absorption treatment leaves from the top of the absorption tower and enters the adsorption tower from the bottom of the adsorption tower. In the tower, the organic waste gas is further removed by the attraction generated when it contacts with the surface of activated carbon. Experiments show that the residual VOCs in this stage The removal efficiency is above 95%.
排放阶段：经过吸收加吸附两级处理的气体VOCs去除率在98%以上，符合国家排放标准，直接从吸附塔上方进行排放处理。Emission stage: After the two-stage treatment of absorption and adsorption, the removal rate of VOCs in the gas is above 98%, which meets the national emission standards, and is directly discharged from the top of the adsorption tower.
d. 脱附阶段：工艺设置了两个吸附塔，一用一备。当吸附塔中的活性炭达到饱和后，停止通入废气，废气从下方进入备用吸附塔中进行处理，通过往吸附塔底部通入蒸汽，使吸附塔中的活性炭进行脱附处理，脱附出来的废气与蒸汽一同从上方离开吸附塔（3），从下方进入吸收塔中处理，脱附完成的吸附塔当活性炭吸附塔中的活性炭饱和后重新使用，备用吸附塔进行脱附处理。d. Desorption stage: Two adsorption towers are set up in the process, one for use and one for standby. When the activated carbon in the adsorption tower is saturated, the exhaust gas is stopped, and the exhaust gas enters the standby adsorption tower from below for treatment. By passing steam to the bottom of the adsorption tower, the activated carbon in the adsorption tower is desorbed. Exhaust gas and steam leave the adsorption tower (3) from above and enter the absorption tower from below for treatment. The desorbed adsorption tower is reused when the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower is saturated, and the standby adsorption tower is desorbed.
吸收液再生阶段：吸收塔中的吸收液喷淋下来聚集在吸收塔底部，当达到饱和时进入吸收液再生器中，根据吸收液和VOCs性质不同，改变再生器中的条件进行吸收液的再生，再生出来的吸收液进入吸收液储罐中循环使用，解吸出来的有机质进入回收储罐中，根据其回收价值进行回收或焚烧处理。Absorption liquid regeneration stage: The absorption liquid in the absorption tower is sprayed down and gathered at the bottom of the absorption tower. When it reaches saturation, it enters the absorption liquid regenerator. According to the different properties of the absorption liquid and VOCs, the conditions in the regenerator are changed to regenerate the absorption liquid. , the regenerated absorption liquid enters the absorption liquid storage tank for recycling, and the desorbed organic matter enters the recovery storage tank, and is recycled or incinerated according to its recovery value.
工艺将吸收与吸附两套系统整合在一起的同时加设了吸收液再生器和活性炭脱附装置，提高系统处理效率的同时，减少了资源的浪费。The process integrates the two systems of absorption and adsorption, and adds an absorption liquid regenerator and an activated carbon desorption device to improve the processing efficiency of the system and reduce the waste of resources.
吸收塔采用常压吸收，塔内的吸收温度根据不同的VOCs废气进气温度而有所变化，一般控制在35℃以下。The absorption tower adopts atmospheric pressure absorption, and the absorption temperature in the tower varies according to the inlet temperature of different VOCs waste gas, and is generally controlled below 35°C.
吸附塔采用常压吸附，塔内的吸附温度根据不同的VOCs废气而有所变化，一般在40-65℃范围内。The adsorption tower adopts atmospheric pressure adsorption, and the adsorption temperature in the tower varies according to different VOCs exhaust gases, generally in the range of 40-65°C.
吸收塔除了采用图1的单级结构外可采用二级吸收塔、多级吸收塔或其它可行的吸收设备进行组合构建的方式来实现，吸收设备中所选用的吸收液为具有较大的VOCs溶解性，可以是洗油或含表面活性剂的水溶液等，具体吸收液和吸收设备的选择可根据具体的处理对象灵活变更。In addition to the single-stage structure in Figure 1, the absorption tower can be realized by combining two-stage absorption towers, multi-stage absorption towers, or other feasible absorption equipment. The absorption liquid selected in the absorption equipment has relatively large VOCs Solubility, it can be washing oil or aqueous solution containing surfactant, etc. The choice of specific absorption liquid and absorption equipment can be flexibly changed according to the specific treatment object.
吸附塔采用一用一备的形式使得吸附塔可以连续处理VOCs废气，节省了更换吸附剂所带来的时间和操作上的不便，除了采用吸附塔和备用吸附塔两个吸附塔的方案外也可以采用多级吸附床或其他吸附设备的形式进行组合构建的方式来实现，设备所选用的吸附剂为活性炭等对VOCs吸附能力强的物质，具体设备和吸附剂的选择可根据具体的处理对象灵活变更。The adsorption tower adopts the form of one for use and one for standby, so that the adsorption tower can continuously process VOCs waste gas, which saves the time and inconvenience caused by the replacement of adsorbents. It can be achieved by combining multi-stage adsorption beds or other adsorption equipment. The adsorbent selected by the equipment is activated carbon and other substances with strong adsorption capacity for VOCs. The selection of specific equipment and adsorbents can be based on the specific treatment objects. Flexible to change.
吸收液再生器可以采用加热、离心等改变所处环境的方式对吸收液进行再生，具体再生方法的选择可根据具体的处理对象灵活变更。The absorption liquid regenerator can regenerate the absorption liquid by changing the environment such as heating and centrifugation, and the specific regeneration method can be flexibly changed according to the specific treatment object.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
解决了传统VOCs处理工艺方法单一，处理效率差，吸收液和吸附剂容易饱和，去除率达不到要求的缺点。通过将吸收与吸附两种方法进行联用，提高了设备效率，所含设备少，工艺简单，吸收液和吸附剂可以循环使用，大大减少了运行成本，绿色环保，无二次污染，具有良好的市场应用前景。It solves the shortcomings of the traditional VOCs treatment process method is single, the treatment efficiency is poor, the absorption liquid and the adsorbent are easily saturated, and the removal rate cannot meet the requirements. By combining the two methods of absorption and adsorption, the efficiency of the equipment is improved, the equipment is less, the process is simple, the absorption liquid and the adsorbent can be recycled, and the operation cost is greatly reduced. It is green and environmentally friendly, and has no secondary pollution. market application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1所示为本发明的工艺流程图。Figure 1 shows a process flow diagram of the present invention.
图2所示为本发明实施例1的VOCs废气处理工艺流程图。FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the VOCs waste gas treatment process in Example 1 of the present invention.
图3所示为本发明实施例2的VOCs废气处理工艺流程图。Figure 3 is a flow chart of the VOCs waste gas treatment process in Example 2 of the present invention.
图4所示为本发明实施例3的VOCs废气处理工艺流程图。FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the VOCs waste gas treatment process in Example 3 of the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
1-吸收塔； 2-吸收液储罐；3-吸附塔；4-备用吸附塔；5-吸收液再生器； 6-回收储罐；7-脱附塔。1-absorption tower; 2-absorption liquid storage tank; 3-adsorption tower; 4-standby adsorption tower; 5-absorption liquid regenerator; 6-recovery storage tank; 7-desorption tower.
具体实施方式detailed description
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、 构造特征、 所实现目的及效果，以下结合实施方式并配合附图予以详细说明。 In order to describe the technical content, structural features, objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following will be described in detail in conjunction with the implementation and accompanying drawings.
本发明最关键的构思在于：通过吸收加吸附两级处理，提高了VOCs的去除效率，在传统的吸收和吸附工艺上增加了吸收液再生和吸附剂脱附的环节，解决了传统工艺吸收液和吸收剂易饱和，难处理的问题，吸收液和吸附剂可以循环利用降低了工艺的运行成本。 The most critical idea of the present invention is: through the two-stage treatment of absorption and adsorption, the removal efficiency of VOCs is improved, and the link of absorption liquid regeneration and adsorbent desorption is added to the traditional absorption and adsorption process, which solves the problem of absorption liquid in the traditional process. And the absorbent is easily saturated and difficult to deal with. The absorption liquid and the adsorbent can be recycled to reduce the operating cost of the process.
实施例1Example 1
具体实施例1如图2所示：把VOCs废气通入由一级吸收塔1组成的吸收处理系统中，采用含表面活性剂的水溶液在常压、25℃的条件下进行吸收处理，之后将经过吸收处理后的废气通入由吸附塔3和备用吸附塔4组成的吸附脱附系统中，采用活性炭在常压、35℃的条件下进行吸附处理，经过吸收加吸附两级处理后的废气去除率达98%以上，符合排放标准，进行排放。吸附塔3中的活性炭达到饱和状态后停止进气，将废气通入备用吸附塔4中处理。通过往吸附塔3底部通入120℃的蒸汽的方式对吸附塔3中的活性炭进行脱附处理，脱附出的废气随着蒸汽回到吸收塔1中进行处理，经过脱附处理的吸附塔3当备用吸附塔内的活性炭饱和后重新使用，备用吸附塔4进行脱附再生处理。吸收塔1中的含表面活性剂的水溶液进入到由离心装置组成的吸收液再生器5中，经过离心处理后获得所吸收的有机质和再生后的吸收液，经过再生的吸收液回到吸收塔1中循环使用，有机质进行焚烧处理。 Specific embodiment 1 is shown in Figure 2: the VOCs exhaust gas is passed into the absorption treatment system consisting of a primary absorption tower 1, and an aqueous solution containing a surfactant is used for absorption treatment at normal pressure and 25°C, and then the The exhaust gas after absorption treatment is passed into the adsorption-desorption system composed of adsorption tower 3 and standby adsorption tower 4, and activated carbon is used for adsorption treatment under the conditions of normal pressure and 35°C, and the exhaust gas after two-stage treatment of absorption and adsorption The removal rate is more than 98%, which meets the discharge standard and is discharged. After the activated carbon in the adsorption tower 3 reaches a saturated state, the air intake is stopped, and the waste gas is passed into the standby adsorption tower 4 for processing. The activated carbon in the adsorption tower 3 is desorbed by passing steam at 120°C to the bottom of the adsorption tower 3. The desorbed waste gas returns to the absorption tower 1 for treatment along with the steam. The desorbed adsorption tower 3. When the activated carbon in the standby adsorption tower is saturated, it is reused, and the standby adsorption tower 4 is desorbed and regenerated. The aqueous solution containing surfactant in the absorption tower 1 enters the absorption liquid regenerator 5 composed of a centrifugal device, and after centrifugation, the absorbed organic matter and the regenerated absorption liquid are obtained, and the regenerated absorption liquid returns to the absorption tower 1 recycling, and the organic matter is incinerated.
实施例2Example 2
具体实施例2如图3所示：把VOCs废气通入由两级吸收塔1组成的吸收处理系统中，采用含表面活性剂的水溶液在常压、30℃的条件下进行吸收处理，之后将经过吸收处理后的废气通入由一级吸附塔3和脱附塔9组成的吸附脱附系统中，采用活性炭进行吸附处理，经过吸收加吸附两级处理后的废气去除率可达98%，符合排放标准，进行排放。吸附塔3中的活性炭达到饱和状态后进入到脱附塔9中，通过往脱附塔中通入120℃的蒸汽的方式进行脱附处理，经过脱附的活性炭可以回到吸附塔3中循环使用，解吸出的废气随着蒸汽回到吸收塔1中进行处理。吸收塔中的含表面活性剂的水溶液进入到由加热装置组成的吸收液再生器5中，经过加热处理后蒸出所吸收的有机质，经过蒸发再生的吸收液回到吸收塔1中循环使用，有机质进行焚烧处理。Specific embodiment 2 is shown in Figure 3: VOCs waste gas is passed into the absorption treatment system that is made up of two-stage absorption tower 1, adopts the aqueous solution containing surfactant to carry out absorption treatment under the condition of normal pressure, 30 ℃, after that The exhaust gas after absorption treatment is passed into the adsorption-desorption system composed of the first-stage adsorption tower 3 and the desorption tower 9, and activated carbon is used for adsorption treatment. After the two-stage treatment of absorption and adsorption, the removal rate of exhaust gas can reach 98%. Meet emission standards and discharge. After the activated carbon in the adsorption tower 3 reaches the saturated state, it enters the desorption tower 9, and the desorption treatment is carried out by passing steam at 120°C into the desorption tower, and the desorbed activated carbon can be returned to the adsorption tower 3 for circulation After use, the desorbed waste gas returns to the absorption tower 1 for treatment along with the steam. The aqueous solution containing surfactant in the absorption tower enters the absorption liquid regenerator 5 composed of a heating device, and after heat treatment, the absorbed organic matter is evaporated, and the absorbed liquid regenerated by evaporation returns to the absorption tower 1 for recycling, and the organic matter Incinerate.
实施例3Example 3
具体实施例3如图4所示：把VOCs废气通入由一级吸收塔1组成的吸收处理系统中，采用洗油在常压、25℃的条件下进行吸收处理，之后将经过吸收处理后的废气通入由两级吸附塔3和脱附塔9组成的吸附脱附系统中，采用活性炭进行吸附处理，经过吸收加吸附两级处理后的废气去除率达98%以上，符合排放标准，进行排放。吸附塔3中的活性炭达到饱和状态后进入脱附塔9中，通过往脱附塔中通入120℃蒸汽的方式进行脱附处理，经过脱附的活性炭可以回到吸附塔3中循环使用，脱附出的废气随着蒸汽重新回到吸收塔1中进行处理。吸收塔1中的洗油进入到由加热装置组成的吸收液再生器5中，经过加热处理后蒸出所吸收的有机质进行焚烧处理，经过再生的吸收液回到吸收塔1中循环使用。 Specific embodiment 3 is shown in Figure 4: the VOCs exhaust gas is passed into the absorption treatment system consisting of the first-level absorption tower 1, and the washing oil is used for absorption treatment under normal pressure and 25°C. After the absorption treatment, the The exhaust gas is passed into the adsorption-desorption system consisting of two-stage adsorption tower 3 and desorption tower 9, and activated carbon is used for adsorption treatment. After the two-stage treatment of absorption and adsorption, the removal rate of exhaust gas reaches more than 98%, which meets the emission standards. to discharge. The activated carbon in the adsorption tower 3 enters the desorption tower 9 after reaching a saturated state, and conducts desorption treatment by passing steam at 120°C into the desorption tower, and the desorbed activated carbon can be returned to the adsorption tower 3 for recycling. The desorbed waste gas returns to the absorption tower 1 along with the steam for treatment. The washing oil in the absorption tower 1 enters the absorption liquid regenerator 5 composed of a heating device. After heat treatment, the absorbed organic matter is evaporated for incineration, and the regenerated absorption liquid returns to the absorption tower 1 for recycling.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technologies fields, are all included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention in the same way.
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