CN106109855A - 一种用于治疗精神分裂症的药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：女贞子4份、枸骨叶7份、酸枣仁6份、茯神6份、木香6份、七里香12份、狗尾巴参12份、挖耳草22份、降香4份。本发明运用：女贞子补肝肾，养精神；枸骨叶养阴清热，补益肝肾；酸枣仁宁心醒脾；茯神开心益智，安魂养神；木香行气止痛，调中导滞；七里香活血解毒；狗尾巴参益气阴，润肺燥；挖耳草清热解毒；降香活血散瘀，降气辟秽。诸药合用，达到清热涤痰，平肝宁神，滋阴泻火，健脾益气，活血化瘀，安神醒脑之功效。临床实验证明，本发明能够安全有效治疗精神分裂症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药，具体涉及一种用于治疗精神分裂症的药物。
背景技术
精神分裂症是一组病因未明的重性精神病，是各类精神疾病中最常见的一种。临床上往往表现为症状各异的综合征，它以基本个性改变，思维、情感、行为的分裂，精神活动与环境不相协调为主要临床特征。患者一般意识清楚，智能基本正常，但部分患者在疾病过程中会出现认知功能的损害。多在青壮年缓慢或亚急性起病，1986年国内的一组流行病学调查表明，我国精神分裂症总患病率为5.69‰，时点患病率为4.75‰患病者女性明显高于男性。目前，有关精分症的病因和发病机理尚未阐明，尚无特殊治疗方法。现代西医学常用的治疗手段有抗精神病药物、胰岛素休克、电休克和精神治疗等。然而，本病的复发率较高，国内有关研究资料指出，出院两年以上的病人复发率为29.9％～51.7％。病程一般迁延，呈反复发作、加重或恶化，部分患者最终出现衰退和精神残疾，但有的患者经过治疗后可保持痊愈或基本痊愈状态。
中医学没有类似病名，一般归属于中医“癫狂病”的范畴。
病因
精神分裂症是由一组症状群所组成的临床综合征，它是多因素的疾病。尽管目前对其病因的认识尚不很明确，但个体心理的易感素质和外部社会环境的不良因素对疾病的发生发展的作用已被大家所共识。无论是易感素质还是外部不良因素都可能通过内在生物学因素共同作用而导致疾病的发生，不同患者其发病的因素可能以某一方面较为重要。
临床表现
1.临床表现
精神分裂症的临床症状复杂多样，可涉及感知觉、思维、情感、意志行为及认知功能等方面，个体之间症状差异很大，即使同一患者在不同阶段或病期也可能表现出不同症状。
①感知觉障碍
精神分裂症可出现多种感知觉障碍，最突出的感知觉障碍是幻觉，包括幻听、幻视、幻嗅、幻味及幻触等，而幻听最为常见。
②思维障碍
思维障碍是精神分裂症的核心症状，主要包括思维形式障碍和思维内容障碍。思维形式障碍是以思维联想过程障碍为主要表现的，包括思维联想活动过程（量、速度及形式）、思维联想连贯性及逻辑性等方面的障碍。妄想是最常见、最重要的思维内容障碍。最常出现的妄想有被害妄想、关系妄想、影响妄想、嫉妒妄想、夸大妄想、非血统妄想等。据估计，高达80%的精神分裂症患者存在被害妄想，被害妄想可以表现为不同程度的不安全感，如被监视、被排斥、担心被投药或被谋杀等，在妄想影响下患者会做出防御或攻击性行为，此外，被动体验在部分患者身上也较为突出，对患者的思维、情感及行为产生影响。
③情感障碍
情感淡漠及情感反应不协调是精神分裂症患者最常见的情感症状,此外，不协调性兴奋、易激惹、抑郁及焦虑等情感症状也较常见。
④意志和行为障碍
多数患者的意志减退甚至缺乏，表现为活动减少、离群独处，行为被动，缺乏应有的积极性和主动性，对工作和学习兴趣减退，不关心前途，对将来没有明确打算，某些患者可能有一些计划和打算，但很少执行。
⑤认知功能障碍
在精神分裂症患者中认知缺陷的发生率高，约85%患者出现认知功能障碍，如信息处理和选择性注意、工作记忆、短时记忆和学习、执行功能等认知缺陷。认知缺陷症状与其他精神病性症状之间存在一定相关性，如思维形式障碍明显患者的认知缺陷症状更明显，阴性症状明显患者的认知缺陷症状更明显，认知缺陷可能与某些阳性症状的产生有关等。认知缺陷可能发生于精神病性症状明朗化之前（如前驱期），或者随着精神病性症状的出现而急剧下降，或者是随着病程延长而逐步衰退，初步认为慢性精神分裂症患者比首发精神分裂症患者的认知缺陷更明显。
2.临床分型
①偏执型
这是精神分裂症中最常见的一种类型，以幻觉、妄想为主要临床表现。
②青春型
在青少年时期发病，以显著的思维、情感及行为障碍为主要表现，典型的表现是思维散漫、思维破裂，情感、行为反应幼稚，可能伴有片段的幻觉、妄想；部分患者可以表现为本能活动亢进，如食欲、性欲增强等。该型患者首发年龄低，起病急，社会功能受损明显，一般预后不佳。
③紧张型
以紧张综合征为主要表现，患者可以表现为紧张性木僵、蜡样屈曲、刻板言行，以及不协调性精神运动性兴奋、冲动行为。一般该型患者起病较急，部分患者缓解迅速。
④单纯型
该型主要在青春期发病，主要表现为阴性症状，如孤僻退缩、情感平淡或淡漠等。该型治疗效果欠佳，患者社会功能衰退明显，预后差。
⑤未分化型
该型具有上述某种类型的部分特点，或是具有上述各型的一些特点，但是难以归入上述任何一型。
⑥残留型
该型是精神分裂症急性期之后的阶段，主要表现为性格的改变或社会功能的衰退。
药物治疗
①抗精神病药物治疗是精神分裂症首选的治疗措施，药物治疗应系统而规范，强调早期、足量、足疗程，注意单一用药原则和个体化用药原则。一般推荐第二代（非典型）抗精神病药物如利培酮、奥氮平、奎硫平等作为一线药物选用。第一代及非典型抗精神病药物的氯氮平作为二线药物使用。
②中医药治疗以髓入手，全身治疗，使病症开始好转，人体恢复正常生理机能。
本发明所涉及药材均可见记载于《中华本草》。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，通过选择合适的药材及其配比，达到安全有效治愈精神分裂症的目的。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，其特征在于，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：女贞子4份、枸骨叶7份、酸枣仁6份、茯神6份、木香6份、七里香12份、狗尾巴参12份、挖耳草22份、降香4份。
下面结合中药学理论说明本发明有益效果：
发明人认为，精神分裂症的发生与情志和先天禀赋的关系最为密切，其病机可综括如下。气滞：恼怒伤肝，忧思伤脾，气机拂郁，升降逆乱，而发精神分裂。如《黄帝内经》曰：“惊则气乱，恐则恐则气下，怒则气上，思则气结。”。痰结：七情不遂，气机失畅，或先天受损，脾气虚弱，致痰涎内生。痰与气结，迷蒙心窍，神志则乱。也可因五志化火，炼液成痰，痰火相搏，上扰神明而病癫狂。火郁：火邪可因脏火本炽，阳明热盛，也可由五志不遂，气滞痰浊郁而化火产生。火热之邪不得发越，或与痰结，或与气搏，上扰清空，则病神乱。血瘀：气机不畅，阴阳失调，可导致气血凝滞。脏腑生化的气血精微不能上荣元神髓海，而致灵机混乱，神志失常。如王清任所说：“气血凝滞，脑气与脏腑气不相接”。总之，由于情志以及其他一些因素引起气、火、痰、瘀等病理产物，造成阴阳的偏胜偏衰，不能相护维系，以致神明逆乱是本病的主要病机。故治疗则采取清热涤痰，平肝宁神，滋阴泻火，健脾益气，活血化瘀，安神醒脑的治则。
本发明运用：女贞子补肝肾，养精神；枸骨叶养阴清热，补益肝肾；酸枣仁宁心醒脾；茯神开心益智，安魂养神；木香行气止痛，调中导滞；七里香活血解毒；狗尾巴参益气阴，润肺燥；挖耳草清热解毒；降香活血散瘀，降气辟秽。诸药合用，达到清热涤痰，平肝宁神，滋阴泻火，健脾益气，活血化瘀，安神醒脑之功效。
下面结合临床实验数据说明本发明的有益效果：
1、一般资料
发明人2012年4月-2014年8月间共收集52例精神分裂症患者。随机分为：治疗组26例，对照组26例。其中治疗组男15例、女11例，年龄21～39岁，病程1～10年；对照组男12例、女14例，年龄19～38岁间，病程1～9年。两组性别、年龄、病程等资料无显著性差异，具有可比性。
诊断标准
至少有下列2项并非继发于意识障碍、智能障碍、情感高涨或低落，单纯型分裂症：
①反复出现的言语性幻听；
②明显的思维松弛、思维破裂、言语不连贯，或思维贫乏或思维内容贫乏；
③思想被插入、被撤走、被播散、思维中断，或强制性思维；
④被动、被控制，或被洞悉体验；
⑤原发性妄想（包括妄想知觉，妄想心境）或其他荒谬的妄想；
⑥思维逻辑倒错、病理性象征性思维，或语词新作；
⑦情感倒错，或明显的情感淡漠；
⑧紧张综合征、怪异行为，或愚蠢行为；
⑨明显的意志减退或缺乏。
纳入标准①符合诊断标准；② 年龄18～70岁；③依从性好；④自愿签署知情同意书。
排除标准①妊娠、哺乳期妇女；②患有严重心、肺、肝、肾脏疾病患者；③有其他精神系统疾病，不能配合治疗者；④发病后经其他药物治疗的患者。
2、治疗方法
治疗组口服本发明按照具体实施例3制得的胶囊，每日3次。治疗1个月。
对照组口服利培酮，每次1mg，每日3次。治疗1个月。
3、疗效标准与治疗结果
3.1疗效标准
①痊愈：病人症状消失，自知力恢复，对周围环境反应良好，恢复病前的工作、学习和生活能力；
②有效：症状部分好转，能料理自己生活，但缺乏自知力或自知力较肤浅；
③无效：病人症状无改善，甚或加重。
3.2治疗统计结果见表1。
表1 两组疗效比较
| 组别 | n | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) | 明显不良反应例 |
| 治疗组 | 26 | 11 | 12 | 3 | 88% | 0 |
| 对照组 | 26 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 81% | 0 |
可见，本发明制得的药物能够安全有效治疗精神分裂症，治愈率高。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施本发明，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
称取：女贞子4克、枸骨叶7克、酸枣仁6克、茯神6克、木香6克、七里香12克、狗尾巴参12克、挖耳草22克、降香4克；加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；滤渣加6倍量水，煎煮1小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩至120克，即得符合正常成人一天用量的煎剂。
用于治疗精神分裂症。口服，每日服用一次。
实施例2
称取：女贞子4克、枸骨叶7克、酸枣仁6克、茯神6克、木香6克、七里香12克、狗尾巴参12克、挖耳草22克、降香4克；加10倍量水，煎煮2小时，过滤；滤渣加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩，干燥，包装，即得符合正常成人一天用量的散剂。
用于治疗精神分裂症。口服，每日分早晚两次服用。
实施例3
称取：女贞子4克、枸骨叶7克、酸枣仁6克、茯神6克、木香6克、七里香12克、狗尾巴参12克、挖耳草22克、降香4克；加6倍量水，煎煮3次，每次煎煮1小时，合并煎煮液，浓缩，干燥，装入胶囊壳，即得符合正常成人一天用量的胶囊剂。
用于治疗精神分裂症。口服，每日分早中晚三次服用。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，其特征在于，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：女贞子4份、枸骨叶7份、酸枣仁6份、茯神6份、木香6份、七里香12份、狗尾巴参12份、挖耳草22份、降香4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：女贞子4份、枸骨叶7份、酸枣仁6份、茯神6份、木香6份、七里香12份、狗尾巴参12份、挖耳草22份、降香4份；加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；滤渣加6倍量水，煎煮1小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩至120份，即得煎剂；上述份均是指重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：女贞子4份、枸骨叶7份、酸枣仁6份、茯神6份、木香6份、七里香12份、狗尾巴参12份、挖耳草22份、降香4份；加10倍量水，煎煮2小时，过滤；滤渣加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩，干燥，包装，即得散剂；上述份均是指重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗精神分裂症的药物，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：女贞子4份、枸骨叶7份、酸枣仁6份、茯神6份、木香6份、七里香12份、狗尾巴参12份、挖耳草22份、降香4份；加6倍量水，煎煮3次，每次煎煮1小时，合并煎煮液，浓缩，干燥，装入胶囊壳，即得胶囊剂；上述份均是指重量份。
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