CN106109467B - 三类羧基取代芳香化合物在耐吡嗪酰胺结核病及结核病治疗中的医药用途 - Google Patents

三类羧基取代芳香化合物在耐吡嗪酰胺结核病及结核病治疗中的医药用途 Download PDF

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CN106109467B
CN106109467B CN201610463432.5A CN201610463432A CN106109467B CN 106109467 B CN106109467 B CN 106109467B CN 201610463432 A CN201610463432 A CN 201610463432A CN 106109467 B CN106109467 B CN 106109467B
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林克江
支运宝
仲艳雯
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China Pharmaceutical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了三类羧基取代芳香化合物[式(1‑3)]拮抗核糖体30S小亚基的核糖体蛋白S1(RpsA),可有效的抑制结核分枝杆菌以及耐吡嗪酰胺结核分枝杆菌的生长,可用于制备耐吡嗪酰胺结核病及结核病药物。

Description

三类羧基取代芳香化合物在耐吡嗪酰胺结核病及结核病治疗 中的医药用途
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及三类羧基取代芳香化合物衍生物在耐吡嗪酰胺结核病及结核病治 疗中的医药用途。
背景技术
结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的全球流行最广的疾病之一。吡嗪酰胺(PZA)是抗结核病一线药 物,对处于吞噬细胞内酸性环境中缓慢生长的结核分支杆菌抑菌效果明显,能有效的缩短治疗周期,是 目前一线抗结核病药物。由于耐PZA结核杆菌出现,对现有治疗方案提出严峻挑战。2011年Science 研究成果提出了PZA在体内经吡嗪酰胺酶(PZase)水解为吡嗪酸(POA)后,抑制核糖体30S小亚基的核 糖体蛋白S1(RpsA)反式翻译的作用机制。
目前,临床上产生的耐PZA结核分枝杆菌,一部分是由于吡嗪酰胺酶(PZase)缺失,使PZA无法 水解为活性形式POA,而不能与RpsA结合,导致不能抑制反式翻译过程;另一部分主要是由于RpsA 结构发生突变,使POA无法与RpsA结合,不能发生相互作用,从而导致失活。由此可见,RpsA可作 为抗耐药药物开发的理想靶标,而且RpsA只广泛分布在细菌中,而在人类等哺乳动物中不存在,具有 良好的特异性。基于反式翻译机制和RpsA突变导致的结核耐药杆菌的研究,有助于发现直接阻断反式 翻译机制的小分子化合物,将有效解决PZA耐药性问题。
发明内容
本专利基于野生型结核分枝杆菌核糖体蛋白S1、耐药菌的438位丙氨酸缺失核糖体蛋白S1和固有 耐药的耻垢种属核糖体蛋白S1(分别简写为MtRpsA、MtRpsAd438A和MsRpsA)的关键结构域,建 立基于受体结构和配体相似性药物筛选模型,通过分子水平的蛋白-配体相互作用研究和细胞水平的体 外抑菌活性研究确认,从含有数百万化合物库中筛选获得了具有拮抗RpsA蛋白,并能有效抑制耐PZA 结核分支杆菌化合物。
本发明的化合物可用于耐吡嗪酰胺结核病及结核病的治疗中。
本专利涉及具有下列结构通式(1)(2)(3),为三类羧基取代芳香化合物,及其前体药物或所述前体药 物的药学上可接受的盐;
Figure BSA0000131461400000011
Z结构表示-CH2-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、-(CH2)n-X、-(CH3)-(CH)n-X,n=0~3;
X和Y结构表示C、N、O、S等元素,当X=C时,可连接R5
R1结构表示羟基、巯基、卤素、R6、OR6、CR6R7R8、NHR6、NR6R7、SR6。R2、R3、R4和R5结构 表示羟基、氨基、巯基、羧基、磺酸基、卤素、硝基、氢原子、R6、OR6、CR6R7R8、NHR6、NR6R7、 SR6、COR6、COOR6、OCOR6、NHCOR6、CONHR6、CONR6R7、SO2R7、PO3R6,其中R6、R7和R8结构表示C1-C10的链状或环状烃基、烯烃基、炔烃基;
“药学上可接受的盐”指含有无毒阴离子的盐,例如(但不限于)氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硫酸 盐、盐酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、草酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、甲磺酸盐和4-甲苯磺 酸盐。还可以指含有无毒阳离子的盐,例如(但不限于)钠、钾、钙、镁、胆碱、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、 苄乙胺、哌嗪、N-甲基糖胺或氨丁三醇。
本发明的方法能够靶向核糖体蛋白S1,拮抗其反式翻译过程中的功能,发挥抑制结核分枝杆菌和 耐PZA结核分枝杆菌活性,可用于制备抗结核病药物,特别是耐PZA结核病药物。
为了证明本发明拮抗RpsA和抑制结核分枝杆菌和PZA耐药结核分枝杆菌活性,将化合物ZRL11、 ZRL15、ZRL20、ZRL25及ZRL26进行以下药理实验。
具体实施方式
本发明主要涉及三类羧基取代芳香化合物的发现过程,以及分子水平的化合物与蛋白相互作用研 究(荧光猝灭滴定方法),以及细胞水平的体外抗结核分枝杆菌和抗耐PZA结核分枝杆菌的抑菌实验。
药品与试剂
样品
Figure BSA0000131461400000021
试剂:对照POA和PZA以及待测定化合物ZRL11、ZRL20和ZRL15、ZRL25及ZRL26;表达并 纯化的蛋白样品:MtRpsA(285-476)、MtRpsAd438A(285-476)和MsRpsA(285-474);结核分枝杆菌菌株: 野生型的全敏菌株(H37Ra)和3个临床发现的PZA耐药菌株(PZA069、PZA080和PZA073);其它常 规化学试剂:DMSO、D2O、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)等。
仪器:荧光分光光度计(F-7000,日本日立公司)、罗氏培养基、恒温培养箱、灭菌移液器和显微 镜。。
1.化合物与蛋白的亲和力大小和结合位点数测定
准备蛋白:表达纯化三个蛋白(PBS 6.0),储液浓度500uM。
化合物准备:POA储液100mM PBS6.0和100mM 100%DMSO和ZRL系列化合物100mM100%DMSO。
实验过程:配制实验蛋白浓度梯度,POA作为阳性对照。对POA而言属于水溶性的,配置配体浓 度分别为0uM、10uM、20uM、30uM、40uM、50uM、60uM、70uM、80uM、90uM、100um、110uM、 120uM、130uM、140uM、150uM、160uM和170uM,使POA的荧光猝灭效应达到饱和。目的蛋白测 定浓度为20uM。DMSO的终浓度为40%(v/v),保证蛋白和药品不沉淀。分别测定各个浓度的荧光强度。 根据化合物的猝灭效应不同,采用不同的浓度梯度,保证每个化合物的数据不少于8个。F-7000荧光 光谱仪的参数设置:测量方式为Wavelength scan,Scanmode:Emission,Data mode:Fluorescence,EX WL: 279.0nm,EM Start WL:290.0nm,EMEnd WL:450.0nm,Scan speed:1200nm/min,Delay:0.0s,EX Slit: 2.5nm,EM Slit:2.5nm,PMT Voltage:700V,Response:0.002s。参数设置后,开始scanning获得荧光谱 图。随着猝灭剂的加入,荧光强度逐渐减小,直至不再减小,达到饱和。
结果判断:首先根据Stern-Volmer equation(如下)来判断反应为静态猝灭,
F0/F=1+Ksv[Q]=1+Kqτ0[Q]
式中F0和F表示未加猝灭剂和加猝灭剂的荧光强度,[Q]为猝灭剂或配体的摩尔浓度,Ksv为动态 猝灭常数,Kq为静态猝灭常数,τ0为荧光寿命,一般为10-8s。Kq的最大值约为2.0*10-10,所求的kq远大该值表明为静态猝灭。
然后根据Hill方程(如下)计算结合常数和位点数,
lg[(F0-F)/F]=1gKa+nlg[Q]
根据计算的Ka(或Kd)值确定结合强弱,根据N值确定结合位点数。
测定的解离常数数据如表-1。
Figure BSA0000131461400000031
表-1
2.化合物的体外抑菌活性研究
实验菌株:野生型的全敏菌株(H37Ra)和3个临床发现的PZA耐药菌株(PZA069、PZA080和 PZA073)。
(1)菌种转种:接种于中性罗氏培养基,37℃恒温培养,经2-4周的培养获得。
(2)菌悬液的制备:在生物安全柜内,取临床标本分离菌株,在0.5%Tween-80生理盐水中研磨成 匀浆,与麦氏比浊管比浊,配成湿重为1mg/ml菌悬液,用生理盐水将上述菌悬液1∶3稀释至0.3mg/ml 备用。
(3)含药培养基置备:无菌条件下,用液体培养基配制成药物起始浓度,进行倍比稀释,盖上盖。 以吡嗪酰胺(PZA)为对照组,其中PZA采用酸性培养基(pH5.5)条件测定,其它化合物采用中性培养基 (pH7.4)测定。
(4)将专用微量培养板上盖打开,板内各孔已经预先加好培养基和相应药物,用灭菌移液器准确吸 取稀释后的菌液20ul分别接种于每个反应孔内,使每孔中的接种量为6×10-3mg。接种完毕后,放入含 湿布的密封盒内,置37℃恒温孵育箱内培养,每种药物检测如表-2所示(单位ug/ml)。
(5)结果观察:每间隔24h或48h,将专用培养板从37℃恒温培养箱取出,观察一次,采集细菌生 长图像,并与阴、阳对照孔图像比较,与阳性对照孔生长数量和微小菌簇形态相似判为耐药,反之为敏 感。并将采集记录观察结果,制成图文报告。
H37Ra 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
PZA069 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
PZA080 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
PZA073 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
表-2
抑菌活性测试结果如表-3。
从实验结果可知,化合物ZRL11、ZRL20和ZRL15、ZRL25及ZRL26对H37Ra和PZA069、PZA080 和PZA073最小抑菌浓度明显强于PZA,可有效的抑制结核分枝杆菌以及PZA耐药结核分枝杆菌的生 长,具有较好的抑菌效果,可应用于吡嗪酰胺耐药结核病及结核病的治疗。
Figure BSA0000131461400000041
表-3

Claims (4)

1.三类羧基取代芳香化合物在制备基于反式翻译机制的抗耐吡嗪酰胺结核病药物中的医药用途,其特征在于该含有下列结构通式(1)(2)(3),为三类羧基取代芳香化合物,
Figure FSB0000180116300000011
X和Y结构表示C、N、S;R1结构表示-OH、;R2表示为C1-C3烷烃;R3表示为-NH2、-H。
2.抗耐吡嗪酰胺结核药物,其特征在于含有权利要求1中所述的化合物以及一种或者多种药学上可接受的载体。
3.如权利要求2中所述的抗耐吡嗪酰胺药物,其特征在于所述药学上可接受的载体是指:稀释剂、填充剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、表面活性剂、吸收促进剂、润滑剂或吸附载体。
4.如权利要求2中所述的抗吡嗪酰胺药物,其特征在于该药物的剂型为:片剂、丸剂、胶囊、悬浮剂、乳剂、注射剂或干粉剂。
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