CN106106477A - 含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents
含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106106477A CN106106477A CN201610479245.6A CN201610479245A CN106106477A CN 106106477 A CN106106477 A CN 106106477A CN 201610479245 A CN201610479245 A CN 201610479245A CN 106106477 A CN106106477 A CN 106106477A
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- emamectin benzoate
- worm nitrile
- acetyl worm
- pesticidal combination
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明属于农药杀虫剂领域,特别涉及一种含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物。其中甲维盐和乙酰虫腈的重量比为50:1~1:50,优选比例为1:10~1:20。组合物中还包括载体和助剂,可配制成可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂,其中由甲维盐和乙酰虫腈构成的活性成分占总重量的比例为10~80%。该组合物具有优异的内吸和渗透作用以及低毒、高效、无交互抗性、对作物安全等特点。主要用于防治鳞翅目害虫如斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、豆荚螟以及二化螟等,同时对于传统杀虫剂产生抗性的害虫也有良好的防治效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农用杀虫剂领域,特别涉及一种含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物。
背景技术
甲维盐全称甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐英文名称为Proclaimor(banleptm),甲维盐可以增强神经质如谷氨酸和γ一氨基丁酸(GABA)的作用,从而使大量氯离子进入神经细胞,使细胞功能丧失,扰乱神经传导,幼虫在接触后马上停止进食,发生不可逆转的麻痹,在3-4天内达到最高致死率。由于它和土壤结合紧密、不淋溶,在环境中也不积累,可以通过Translaminar运动转移,极易被作物吸收并渗透到表皮,使施药作物有长期残效,在10天以上又出现第二个杀虫致死率高峰,同时很少受环境因素如风、雨等影响。
乙酰虫腈是由法国罗纳-普朗克公司开发的新型吡唑类化合物,为氟虫腈的结构改造物,其杀虫、杀螨活性与氟虫腈相仿。乙酰虫腈是一个广谱性杀虫剂,其杀虫机制在于阻碍昆虫γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)控制的氯化物代谢,从而达到杀死昆虫的效果。防治对象包括鳞翅目的成虫、幼虫和虫卵,如烟蚜夜蛾等;鞘翅目的成虫和幼虫,如棉铃象甲;半翅目和同翅目,如木虱,粉虱,蚜虫等。适用作物葡萄园、观赏植物、人造林、树木、谷物、棉花、蔬菜、甜菜、大豆、油菜、玉米、高粱、核果、柑橘类果园等。
含有单一活性组分的杀虫剂品种在农用杀虫剂防治上往往存在不同程度的缺陷,如杀虫范围窄,防治效果差,施药剂量大易产生抗药性,施用次数多加重环境污染等。对于防治农业上产生抗性的害虫,一种办法是推出新的与现有品种无交互抗性的新成分。但是,新的有效成分的开发成本高,开发周期长,而且永远都跟不上害虫产生抗性的速度。其他的办法比如作物布局调整、不同农药轮换等,在实际操作的过程中,很难真正起到明显的效果。
不同品种成分进行复配,是防治抗性害虫最常见的方法。不同成分进行复配,可以提高防治效果,扩大杀虫范围,减少有效成分的用量,节约用药成本,降低环境污染,是综合防治虫害的重要手段。
目前未发现甲维盐与乙酰虫腈复配及应用的文献。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种抗性风险小、成本低、药效好、持效期长、环境污染小的复合杀虫剂,其有效成分为甲维盐与乙酰虫腈。
本发明的另一个目的是将含有甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的复配杀虫组合物,配以适当的助剂制成多种剂型的杀虫剂,使其杀虫范围更广,防治药效强,持效时期长,抗性风险小。
本发明的技术方案为:杀虫剂组合物,其有效成分为甲维盐与乙酰虫腈。
所述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的重量比为50:1~1:50,优选10:1~1:20。
所述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈在所述复合杀虫剂中的重量百分含量为10%~80%。
上述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈均是本领域公知的杀虫剂,可以通过各种商业渠道购得。
除上述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈外,所述杀虫剂组合物中还包括载体和助剂,以配制成可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂,悬浮剂。
所述填料选自高岭土、硅藻土、膨润土、凹凸棒土、白炭黑、淀粉或轻质碳酸钙中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述助剂至少包括一种表面活性剂。表面活性剂可以是乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂或渗透剂中的一种或多种,可以是非离子或阴离子型的,也可以是两种类型复合使用。
所述乳化剂选自OP系列磷酸酯(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯)、600#磷酸酯(苯基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯)、苯乙烯聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵盐、烷基联苯醚二磺酸镁盐、三乙醇胺盐、农乳400#(苄基二甲基酚聚氧乙基醚)、农乳700#(烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚)、宁乳36#(苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚)、农乳1600#(苯乙基酚聚氧乙基聚丙烯基醚)、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、OP系列(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)、BY系列(蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚)、农乳33#(烷基芳基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)、司盘系列(山梨醇酐单硬脂酸)、吐温系列(失水山梨醇脂酸酯聚氧乙烯醚)或AEO系列(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)中的一种或者多种组成的混合物。
所述分散剂选自聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸钙、萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚或甘油脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述润湿剂选自十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、拉开粉BX、润湿渗透剂F、皂角粉、蚕沙或无患子粉中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述渗透剂选自渗透剂JFC(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)、渗透剂T(顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯磺酸盐)、氮酮、有机硅中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
根据不同的使用场合和需求,所述复合杀虫剂还可加入防冻剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、崩解剂、消泡剂等其他功能性助剂。
所述增稠剂选自明胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟乙基纤维素、聚丙烯酸钠、改性淀粉、黄原胶、膨润土、二氧化硅和硅酸铝镁中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述防冻剂选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇或尿素中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述消泡剂选自硅油、硅酮类化合物、C10~C20饱和脂肪酸类化合物或C8~C10脂肪醇类化合物中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述崩解剂选自膨润土、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铝、低取代羟丙基纤维素、乳糖、柠檬酸、丁二酸或碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种组成的混合物。
所述稳定剂选自环氧大豆油,环氧氯丙烷、BHT、乙酸乙酯,磷酸三苯酯的一种或多种组成的混合物。
上述所述物质均是本领域技术人员公知的物质,可通过市场购得。
本发明提供的杀虫剂组合物主要用于防治水稻、棉花、蔬菜、果树等作物上鳞翅目害虫,同时对于对传统杀虫剂产生抗性的害虫也有良好的防治效果。
本发明的有益效果在于:1、增效作用明显,不是各组分活性的简单叠加,而是有显著的增效作用;2、有效成分的田间用量下降,降低了生产和使用成本,减少农药残留和环境污染,与氟虫腈的复配组合物相比效果更好,安全性能更高;3、虫害抗性倍数低,不同作用机制的有效成分组成,有利于克服和延缓害虫抗药性的产生;4、该组合物不含有机溶剂,对作物安全等特点,是综合防治作物害虫的重要手段。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种杀虫剂组合物,其有效成分为甲维盐与乙酰虫腈,甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的重量比为50:1~1:50,优选10:1~1:20。在本实施例中,为了确保复配杀虫组合物的良好的杀虫效果和增效效果,可优选的甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的重量比为:50:1,40:1,30:1,20:1,10:1,1:1,1:10,1:20,1:30,1:40,1:50。但可以理解的是,随着使用过程中有效成分浓度的选择不同,上述甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的比例,本领域技术人员可根据需要在上述重量比范围内做选择任意的数值比例。
本发明实施例的另一方面是将含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,配以适当的助剂制成多种剂型的杀虫剂,所述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈在所述复合杀虫剂中的重量百分含量为10%~80%。
为了更清楚详细地介绍本发明实施例所提供的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,以下将结合具体实施例进行说明。实施例中百分比均为重量百分比,田间药效的处理剂量均为有效成分用量。
实施例1:15.75%可湿性粉剂
制备方法:按比例,将有效成分甲维盐和乙酰虫腈加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,混合,经气流粉碎后再混合制得可湿性粉剂。主要设备有混合机、气流粉碎机。
组合物配比:甲维盐0.75%;乙酰虫腈15%;润湿剂十二烷基硫酸钠2%;分散剂木质素磺酸钙7%;填料白炭黑16%,填料高岭土余量。
实施例2:21%水分散粒剂
制备方法:按比例,将有效成分甲维盐和乙酰虫腈加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,混合,经气流粉碎后加10~25%的水,然后经捏合、造粒、干燥、筛分制得水分散粒剂产品;或将粉碎过的粉体在沸腾造粒机中喷水、造粒、干燥,之后筛分制得产品。主要设备有混合机、气流粉碎机、捏合机、挤压造粒机,烘房或流化床干燥,或沸腾造粒机、筛分机。
组合物配比:甲维盐1%;乙酰虫腈20%;润湿剂十二烷苯磺酸钠4%;分散剂烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物7%;填料凹凸棒土余量。
实施例3:11%悬浮剂
制备方法:按比例,将有效成分甲维盐和乙酰虫腈与其他润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、水等混合,经剪切后加入卧式砂磨机进行2-3小时砂磨,之后加入消泡剂继续剪切,制得悬浮剂产品。主要设备有混合机、剪切机、卧式砂磨机。
组合物配比:甲维盐1%;乙酰虫腈10%;润湿分散剂羧酸盐加磺酸盐6%;增稠剂1.2%;防冻剂3%;防腐剂0.2%;消泡剂0.2%;水余量。
实施例4:51%可湿性粉剂
制备方法同实施例1,组合物配比:甲维盐50%;乙酰虫腈1%;润湿剂十二烷基硫酸钠2%;分散剂木质素磺酸钙7%;填料白炭黑16%,填料高岭土余量。
实施例5:51%水分散粒剂
制备方法同实施例2,组合物配比:甲维盐1%;乙酰虫腈50%;润湿剂十二烷苯磺酸钠4%;分散剂烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物7%;填料凹凸棒土余量。
实施例6:11%可湿性粉剂
制备方法同实施例1,组合物配比:甲维盐10%;乙酰虫腈1%;润湿剂十二烷基硫酸钠2%;分散剂木质素磺酸钙7%;填料白炭黑16%,填料高岭土余量。
田间试验
为了更好的说明本发明有效防治效果,使用上述实施例药剂为使本发明的技术方案,目的以及优点更加清楚明白,本发明用以下具体实施例进行说明,但本发明并非局限于这些例子。本发明的效果实验采用室内生测和田间试验相结合的方式。
室内毒力测定
本发明先通过室内毒力测定,试验药剂采用96%乙酰虫腈原药和74%甲维盐原药;试虫为从田间采集的甜菜夜蛾,经室内饲养繁殖孵化的第一代若虫。
试验方法:先将田间采集的甜菜夜蛾幼虫放入已准备好的甜菜苗中,幼虫化蛹后,将蛹收集到垫有保湿滤纸的培养皿中,放入产卵笼让其羽化,然后将整盘的甜菜苗放入产卵笼内让小菜蛾幼虫产卵,每盘甜菜苗落卵量达500粒左右时,取出甜菜苗盘,放在人工气候箱[温度:24~26℃;相对湿度70%~80%;光照:14(L):10(D)]中让卵孵化,饲养至3龄幼虫。
采用夹毒叶片法进行测定:用直径1cm的打孔器打取叶蝶,放入培养皿,保湿。用毛细管点滴器从低浓度开始,每叶蝶点滴1μl药液,待溶剂挥发后和另一片涂有淀粉糊的叶蝶对合制成夹毒叶蝶,制作完毕放于12孔组织培养板的孔内。每处理4次重复,每重复不少于12个夹毒叶蝶,并设不含药剂的相应的有机溶剂的处理作为对照。组织培养板每个孔内接1头试虫,置于正常条件培养。接虫2~4h后,待试虫取食完含药叶蝶后,在培养板孔内加入清洁饲料继续饲养至调查,淘汰未食完一张完整叶蝶的试虫。每个剂量处理试虫数80头。处理后48h调查试虫死亡情况,记录总虫数和死虫数。
根据调查数据,计算各处理的校正死亡率。并根据孙云沛法计算混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)若对照死亡率<5%,不校正;对照死亡率在5%~20%之间,进行校正;对照死亡率>20%,试验需重做。根据药剂浓度(mg/L)的对数值为自变量x,以校正死亡率的机率值为因变量y,分别建立毒力回归方程式,采用DPS软件计算单剂及各配比混剂的LC50及其混剂共毒系数(CTC值)。
实测毒力指数(ATI)=(标准药剂LC50/供试药剂LC50)×100。
理论毒力指数(TTI)=A药剂毒力指数×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂毒力指数×混剂中B的百分含量。
共毒系数(CTC)=[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)/混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
按照NY/T11547.7-2006杀虫剂联合作用划分标准:共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用;共毒系数(CTC)≤80表现为拮抗作用;80<共毒系数(CTC)<120表现为相加作用。试验结果见表1。
表1乙酰虫腈和甲维盐对甜菜夜蛾的室内联合毒力测定
从表1可以看出,本发明的实施例的组合物对甜菜夜蛾具有很高的活性,尤其甲维盐与乙酰虫腈在质量份数比为10:1~1:20范围内,增效作用更为明显,共毒系数(CTC)均在160以上,可见甲维盐与乙酰虫腈复配具有合理性和可行性。
1、2、3、4、5、6与对比例药剂5%甲维盐微乳剂、30%乙酰虫腈可湿性粉剂对甜菜夜蛾进行田间药效防治,试验结果如下表2所示。
本田间试验中设实施药剂、对比药剂、清水等共9个处理,每个处理重复4次,共36个处理小区,每小区查5点,调查虫数。试验期间共调查4次,药前调查虫口基数,药后2d、7d、12d调查存活虫数,实验数据采用邓肯式新复极差检测法(DMRT)。
表2不同处理对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果
从表1试验结果表明,施药后实施药剂对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果显著高于对比药剂,施药12天后,实施药剂对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果仍然在95%以上,有的高达100%。这表明甲维盐与乙酰虫腈复配杀虫剂具有明显的增效作用,而且持效时间明显长于单一药剂。实验表明,该复配组合物明显降低药剂使用量,减少了生产成本、农药残留和环境污染。另外,试验期间田间观察,实施例药剂各处理药液对作物生长无影响,对周围有益生物安全,与环境相容性好。由此可见,甲维盐与乙酰虫腈是一个理想复配杀虫产品。
Claims (10)
1.含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,有效成分为甲维盐与乙酰虫腈。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的重量比为50:1~1:50。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的重量比为10:1~1:20。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述有效成分甲维盐与乙酰虫腈在所述杀虫组合物中的重量百分含量为10%~80%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述杀虫组合物中还包括载体和助剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述载体选自水、填料中的一种或两种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述助剂包括表面活性剂,表面活性剂选自乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂或渗透剂中的一种或多种;所述助剂还包括其他功能性助剂,其他功能性助剂选自防冻剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、崩解剂或消泡剂中一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述杀虫组合物的剂型为可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂或悬浮剂。
9.权利要求1至7任一所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物在防治害虫中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物在防治害虫中的应用,其特征在于,所述害虫为抗性害虫。
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