CN106102084A - Wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
- H04W28/0236—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
- H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
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- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
- H04L1/1858—Transmission or retransmission of more than one copy of acknowledgement message
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback, belong to wireless sensor network technology field.The method comprises the following steps: S1: determine composition form and its transfer process in a network of sensor data stream；S2: set up data stream retransmission feedback model according to network link quality, and analyze the service ability to overall data stream for the network；S3: the scheduling of row major level is flow to original data stream and re-transmission data, determines the service bandwidth distributing to original data stream；Delay composition in whole end to end network system for S4: the analyte sensors input traffic, obtains the constituent of its fixed delay and variable time delay；S5: calculate the network end-to-end variable time delay being caused by network service capabilities；S6: obtain the upper delay of the end to end network of data stream to be analyzed.This method not only ensure that the real-time of industrial wireless communication, moreover it is possible to carries out quantitative analysis to network end-to-end communication delay at the beginning of the networking, contributes to controlling the real-time of industrial wireless communication.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless sensor network technology field, relate to a kind of wireless sensor network based on retransmission feedback
End-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure.
Background technology
In recent years, wireless sensor network (wireless sensor network, WSN) technology quickly grows, and by extensively
General for various aspects such as Military Application, natural environment monitoring, industrial production monitoring, health care and Smart Homes, it is current
One of study hotspot.But wireless sensor network is due to affected by environment, Radio Link is relatively unstable, and Radio Link leads to
Often need to carry out data transmission in a multi-hop fashion, and owing to the application of a large amount of wireless sensor networks is required for providing in real time
Ensureing sex service, the research to wireless sensor network Delay Bound end to end has also just become one of key issue.
Research to wireless sensor network at present, is concentrated mainly on medium access in the middle of based on IEEE802.15.4
The research that layer launches, the analysis to network delay is mainly the employing technique study such as stochastic queue theory, probability theory, does not accounts for
With the fitting degree of real network, application request is stability and the certainty of network, and there is not certain probability
Certainty.Network calculus is as the instrument of the certainty queuing theory in a kind of new quantitative analysis network, from Chang and Cruz
It since starting, TCP network congestion, access and topology control, real-time industrial ethernet analysis, sensor network have been successfully used for
Performance evaluation, and achieve gratifying result.
But the certainty delay study for wireless sensor network there is problems: (1) is analyzing network
During low service ability, do not account for the impact of retransmission mechanism effective service ability for network；(2) in distribution network bandwidth resources
When, less associating in view of acquisition terminal data stream input rate and network service capabilities.(3) currently for wireless senser
The model that network calculus is set up is more single, and the packet loss not accounting for causing due to network link quality retransmits for network
Feedback effect, retransmit data stream and the concrete analysis model of the original data stream delay also neither one that causes of competition.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of wireless sensor network based on retransmission feedback end-to-end when
Prolonging upper bound appraisal procedure, the method is determined by sensor data stream collection and uploads cycle, data stream packet size and network
Minimum service ability, it is contemplated that channel bit error rate in actual environment and the re-transmission data that cause are made for the negative-feedback of network
With reasonable distribution can not only be carried out at the beginning of network struction to Internet resources, and can determine that network passes more accurately
Defeated Delay Bound.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback, the method includes following
Step:
S1: determine composition form and its transfer process in a network of sensor data stream；
S2: set up data stream retransmission feedback model according to network link quality, and analyze the clothes to overall data stream for the network
Business ability；
S3: the scheduling of row major level is flow to original data stream and re-transmission data, determines the clothes distributing to original data stream
Business bandwidth；
S4: analyte sensors input traffic in whole end to end network system delay composition, obtain its fixing when
Prolong and the constituent of variable time delay；
S5: calculate the network end-to-end variable time delay being caused by network service capabilities；
S6: obtain the upper delay of the end to end network of data stream to be analyzed.
Further, in step sl, it is first determined constituent r (Mean Speed) of data stream to be analyzed, b (maximum number
According to burst amount), and the transfer process that data stream is in a network, form data stream transmitting flow chart, comprising:
S11: upload the cycle according to data stream and bursty data amount determines data stream arrival curve；
S12: flow chart route successively according to Radio Link and the forwarding of data stream process in transmitting procedure to be analyzed
Formed；
S13: be numbered to each network equipment in flow chart, analyze input/output date flow α of each equipmenti
Composition riAnd bi, or whole end to end network is equivalent to a service system, determine its equivalent inpnt data stream.
Further, in step s 2, according to characteristics of radio channels and correlation standard, determine that network to be analyzed is data
Service bandwidth that stream provides and the time slot of distribution, determine that every first device in data transmission stream journey figure provides for its subset
Service delay curve, and set up data stream re-transmission model according to network link quality (mainly channel bit error rate), comprising:
S21: the transmission mechanism specifying according to IEEE802.15.4 standard and effect retransmission mechanism over the wireless channel,
The network obtaining distribution is minimum service speed R of each time slot distributionTS；
S22: set up retransmission feedback model to wireless channel, determines the re-transmission data stream being damaged and caused by link to network
Feedback effect, determine retransmit data stream arrival curve.
Further, in step s3, flowing to the scheduling of row major level to original data stream and re-transmission data, determination is distributed to
The service bandwidth of original data stream, comprising:
S31: in equipment end, flow to the scheduling of row major level according to data stream number of retransmissions to data is bigger to number of retransmissions
Data stream give higher weights, it is ensured that the real-time of data stream；
S32: the weights size according to distribution in S31 flows to the scheduling of row major level to original data stream and re-transmission data,
Distribute suitable bandwidth ratio；
S33: according to the data stream arrival curve of each equipment end in the network transfer process obtaining in step S1, rationally
Divide network slot, to ensure that data stream will not produce packet loss and real-time in transmitting procedure because network service capabilities is limited
The reliability transmission of data, and determine the service curves based on speed-delay for the network；
S34: repeat said process, obtain in data stream transmitting flow process, each equipment is the leave strip of data stream distribution
The service curves that in width, i.e. network, each equipment provides for data stream.
Further, in step s 4, determine the delay composition in transmitting procedure of data to be analyzed, spread according to data
Defeated process and IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation, build the delay expression formula of following network end-to-end:
Wherein, n is for sending the burst quantity required for a complete data packet, and t is an IP fragmentation and reassembly required time,Transmission delay produced by m forwarding unit in flow chart for the data stream, C is IEEE 802.15.4 standard
The service ability of regulation, its value 250kbps, first two of expression formula are fixed delay, main and data packet length and wireless communication
Road characteristic is relevant；Ti vThen represent that transmitting data stream (i+1) individual forwarding unit in flow through a network figure is produced variable
Time delay.
Further, in step s 5, the network end-to-end variable time delay being caused by network service capabilities is calculated, comprising:
S51: determine transmission mechanism, IP fragmentation and reassembly mechanism end to end according to network routing mechanism, set up network service mould
Type, solving model service curves；
S52: calculate the probability of packet transmission success according to characteristics of radio channels (channel bit error rate), and then according to
The transmission mechanism confirming in S51 determines the expected transmission times required for transmission primaries packet；
S53: determine the variable delay at data stream each equipment in flow charts, formulas for calculating:
Wherein, TiFor service delay, RiFor minimum service speed, biFor maximum data
Burst amount；
S54: determined the variable delay of end-to-end system in the case of certain bit error rate by S51, S52.
Further, in step s 6, according to step S4 and step S5, data stream to be analyzed is obtained under damaging link condition
Based on the network end-to-end upper delay value of retransmission feedback, repeat above procedure, obtain calculating wireless sensing based on retransmission feedback
The purpose of device network end-to-end Delay Bound.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the method that the present invention provides is on the basis of general networking computational model, it is contemplated that
Retransmit the resource contention situation to original data stream for the data stream, repartition service bandwidth to retransmitting data stream, original ensureing
In the case of data stream priority, the real-time of the high data stream of preferential guarantee number of retransmissions.This not only ensure that wireless industrial
The real-time of communication, moreover it is possible to carry out quantitative analysis to network end-to-end communication delay at the beginning of the networking, contributes to controlling work
The real-time of industry radio communication.
Brief description
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below to carry out
Illustrate:
The stream of the radio sensing network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention
Cheng Tu；
The wireless sensor network mode based on retransmission feedback that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention；
Wireless sensor network retransmission feedback model that Fig. 3 provides for the present invention and network calculus schematic diagram；
The wireless channel transmission specification schematic diagram of the embodiment that Fig. 4 provides for the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Wireless sensor network topology figure such as Fig. 2 in the present embodiment, its configuration is as follows: wireless sensor network is operated in
Under the 2.4G frequency range that IEEE802.15.4 specifies, channel is symmetry model.As a example by link in a network, network link is
Non-ideal link, is mainly reflected in there is certain channel bit error rate.Set the arrival rate of input traffic data stream as
0.2kbps, wherein each data package size is 127bytes, if occurring the situation that packet loss is misrepresented deliberately, root during data frame transfer
Judge whether to need to retransmit according to whether receiving ACK acknowledgement frame.
The computational methods of a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end delay bound based on retransmission feedback of the present invention, its flow process
Figure is as it is shown in figure 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps that
Step one: determine the flow direction and the constituent of wireless network sensor data stream, draw its flow chart, see Fig. 2, so
Obtain the input/output format of data stream at each equipment in a network afterwards according to flow chart, or be one by whole network equivalent
Individual service system, the input/output format of solving system.Implement process as follows:
1) for the wireless sensor network inlet flow in flow chart 2, concrete according to packet arrival rate and network
Situation, determines real-time stream arrival curve α at network equipment 11=0.2t+0.1；
2) network route pattern is determined, it is judged that the link layer routing mechanism of routing mechanism use or Internet router
System, determines different service analysis models according to different routing mechanisms；
3) if wireless network uses Internet routing mechanism, owing to using IP ground at transmitting procedure packet
Location, and for packet segment, usual IP address is encapsulated in first packet segment, same IP packet follow-up
Packet segment accords with according to segmental identification and burst side-play amount confirms fragment data Packet type and in batches in order.For this
The network of type uses and carries out IP fragmentation and reassembly and verification to packet in each jump process, if packet is made mistakes,
Need again to transmit.In this case, the input-output curve at each network equipment end data stream must be confirmed；
4) if wireless network uses link layer routing mechanism, in transmitting procedure, packet uses MAC layer to encapsulate
MAC Address, i.e. each packet segment carries the address that the network equipment is capable of identify that.For such net
Whole network equivalent is an end-to-end service system, carries out burst at input to packet, at output to data by network
Bag carries out restructuring verification, if packet is made mistakes, then whole packet need to retransfer.In this case, whole end-to-end system
The inlet flow arrival curve of system is data stream arrival curve at the network equipment 1.
Step 2, sets up data stream retransmission feedback model according to network link quality (mainly channel bit error rate), and divides
Analysis network service capabilities；According to characteristics of radio channels and relevant regulations, determine the service band that network to be analyzed provides for data stream
Time slot that is wide and that distribute, determines the service delay curve that in data transmission stream journey figure, every first device provides for its subset.
Implement process as follows:
1) the MAC layer maximum data frame transmission quantity that the network equipment can effectively transmit in a time slot is first confirmd that.Due to
The MAC layer maximum transmitted frame length that IEEE802.15.4 specifies is 127 bytes, for the packet of burst, need to confirm one
The time of maximum data frame can be transmitted in individual time slot, provide its computing formula:
And then in confirmation single time slot
The quantity of transmission maximum data frameIn formula, TS is the size of distribution time slot, by hereafter to link channel
The analysis of model can draw wherein, MPDUmaxFor MAC maximum transmitted frame length, C is 2.4G frequency range peak transfer rate
(250kbps), LIFS shows that mac frame length is not less than 144bits, and Renum represents number of retransmissions, and μ is that 1 expression needs to retransmit, and is 0
Then not needing to retransmit, ack represents this constant of MacACKDuration；
2) if 1) remaining time slot can not transmit a maximum data frame, use transmission mode as shown in Figure 4 to pass
Defeated, first be given calculate remaining time slots size formula:ΔIFS
Whether determine more than aMaxSIFSFrameSize depending on data frame length, use long frame period or short frame period.According to above-mentioned mistake
Journey finally solves the minimum service speed of single time slot node
3) determine that service bandwidth and data stream that in flow through a network figure, each network equipment provides service in the network device
Postpone.By the R being tried to achieveTSAverage equivalent input rate r of node at the arbitrary network equipment required with in step oneiRelation
Can draw, for ensureing that the minimum number of timeslots that each network equipment is distributed by network service quality should be defeated not less than average equivalent
Enter speed, take minimum of a value hereAnd then determine the minimum service speed that can be provided by arbitrary network equipment
Ri=Ni×RTSAnd the service delay T that data stream is at this equipmenti=BI-Ni× TS, has also determined that at retransmission feedback model
In for original data stream and retransmit data stream provide total service curves；
4) as it is shown on figure 3, set up retransmission feedback model to wireless channel, determine that retransmitting the feedback to network for the data stream makees
With determination retransmits data stream arrival curve.Data retransmission feedback model includes following components: act on network equipment input
End backfeed loop, retransmit packet may experience feedback delay and be characterized as original data stream and retransmit data stream remittance
Conflux provides service ability Qualitative service curve really.For backfeed loop, it is contemplated that IEEE 802.15.4 is for ensureing number
According to reliability transmission, it will usually judge whether to need to retransmit according to whether receive acknowledgement frame.Maximum latency is set here
For w, then the service curves of deferring procedure isDue to the unstability of Radio Link, retransmitting packet can
Can need again to retransmit, set maximum retransmission as N.
Step 3, flows to the scheduling of row major level to original data stream and re-transmission data, determines and distribute to original data stream
Service bandwidth, implement process as follows:
1) service curves of retransmission feedback model is determined.Network exists different classes of re-transmission packet, respectively one
Secondary re-transmission packet, secondary retransmit packet ... n times retransmit packet (N is maximum retransmission), for ensureing packet
Real-time, is preferentially processed to the packet that number of retransmissions is more, and the priority retransmitting packet for i.e. the i-th-1 time is less than i-th
The priority of secondary re-transmission packet.The service curves providing for all data stream convergence flows due to the network equipment is Ri, according to net
Network calculation residue service curves correlation theorem can solve the service curves that the network equipment provides for each data stream, provides calculating
Formula:
2) arrival curve of re-transmission data stream is determined.Introduce feedback states delay matrix A and can determine that each retransmits data
The delay that stream may experience at retransmission feedback model.Provide its formula
In formula, p is cross channel probability, can be drawn the arrival curve arbitrarily retransmitting data stream by formula (2), (3):
Step 4: determine delay composition in network end-to-end system for the data stream to be analyzed.According to data stream at network
In flow process and IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation, determine data stream to be analyzed delay composition:
In expression formula, first two is network fixed delay,For
Variable delay at forward node for the data stream, specific formula for calculation is:
Step 5: determine the upper bound of variable delay under certain channel effect.In view of wireless channel, data are transmitted
Postpone, set channel bit error rate as pe, then Probability p=1-(the 1-p of this instance data bag transmission success can be drawne), then by generally
Rate p and variable delay formula can draw the variable delay of packet under there is certain channel effect:
By above step, draw Delay Bound in end to end network for the data stream to be analyzed, obtained based on weight
Pass the purpose of feedback with evaluation wireless sensor network end-to-end delay bound.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above only in order to technical scheme being described and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment to be described in detail the present invention, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be
In form and various change is made to it, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range in details.
Claims (7)
1. the wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback, it is characterised in that: the party
Method comprises the following steps:
S1: determine composition form and its transfer process in a network of sensor data stream；
S2: set up data stream retransmission feedback model according to network link quality, and analyze the service energy to overall data stream for the network
Power；
S3: the scheduling of row major level is flow to original data stream and re-transmission data, determines the service band distributing to original data stream
Wide；
S4: analyte sensors input traffic in whole end to end network system delay composition, obtain its fixed delay with
And the constituent of variable time delay；
S5: calculate the network end-to-end variable time delay being caused by network service capabilities；
S6: obtain the upper delay of the end to end network of data stream to be analyzed.
2. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step sl, it is first determined constituent r (Mean Speed) of data stream to be analyzed, b (maximum data
Burst amount), and the transfer process that data stream is in a network, form data stream transmitting flow chart, comprising:
S11: upload the cycle according to data stream and bursty data amount determines data stream arrival curve；
S12: flow chart sequentially forms according to Radio Link and the forwarding route of data stream process in transmitting procedure to be analyzed；
S13: be numbered to each network equipment in flow chart, analyze input/output date flow α of each equipmentiGroup
Become riAnd bi, or whole end to end network is equivalent to a service system, determine its equivalent inpnt data stream.
3. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 2, according to characteristics of radio channels and correlation standard, determine that network to be analyzed is data
Service bandwidth that stream provides and the time slot of distribution, determine that every first device in data transmission stream journey figure provides for its subset
Service delay curve, and set up data stream re-transmission model according to network link quality (mainly channel bit error rate), comprising:
S21: the transmission mechanism specifying according to IEEE802.15.4 standard and effect retransmission mechanism over the wireless channel, obtain
The network of distribution is minimum service speed R of each time slot distributionTS；
S22: set up retransmission feedback model to wireless channel, determines anti-to network of the re-transmission data stream being damaged and caused by link
Feedback effect, determines and retransmits data stream arrival curve.
4. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s3, flowing to the scheduling of row major level to original data stream and re-transmission data, determination is distributed to
The service bandwidth of original data stream, comprising:
S31: in equipment end, according to data stream number of retransmissions, row major level is flow to data and dispatch, the number bigger to number of retransmissions
Give higher weights according to stream, it is ensured that the real-time of data stream；
S32: the weights size according to distribution in S31 flows to the scheduling of row major level, distribution to original data stream and re-transmission data
Suitable bandwidth ratio；
S33: according to the data stream arrival curve of each equipment end in the network transfer process obtaining in step S1, classifying rationally
Network slot, to ensure that data stream will not produce packet loss and real-time data in transmitting procedure because network service capabilities is limited
Reliability transmission, and determine the service curves based on speed-delay for the network；
S34: repeat said process, obtain in data stream transmitting flow process, each equipment is the reservation bandwidth of data stream distribution, i.e.
The service curves that in network, each equipment provides for data stream.
5. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 4, determine the delay composition in transmitting procedure of data to be analyzed, spread according to data
Defeated process and IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation, build the delay expression formula of following network end-to-end:
Wherein, n is for sending the burst quantity required for a complete data packet, and t is an IP fragmentation and reassembly required time,
Transmission delay produced by m forwarding unit in flow chart for the data stream, C is IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation
Service ability, its value 250kbps, first two of expression formula are fixed delay, main and data packet length and characteristics of radio channels
Relevant；TiV then represents transmitting data stream produced variable time delay of (i+1) individual forwarding unit in flow through a network figure.
6. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 5, calculate the network end-to-end variable time delay being caused by network service capabilities, comprising:
S51: determine transmission mechanism, IP fragmentation and reassembly mechanism end to end according to network routing mechanism, set up Network Service Model, ask
Solve model service curve；
S52: calculate the probability of packet transmission success according to characteristics of radio channels (channel bit error rate), and then according in S51
The transmission mechanism confirming determines the expected transmission times required for transmission primaries packet；
S53: determine the variable delay at data stream each equipment in flow charts, formulas for calculating:
Wherein, TiFor service delay, RiFor minimum service speed, biFor maximum data burst
Amount；
S54: determined the variable delay of end-to-end system in the case of certain bit error rate by S51, S52.
7. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 6, according to step S4 and step S5, obtain data stream to be analyzed under damaging link condition
Based on the network end-to-end upper delay value of retransmission feedback, repeat above procedure, obtain calculating wireless sensing based on retransmission feedback
The purpose of device network end-to-end Delay Bound.
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| CN201610349939.8A CN106102084B (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | Wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback |
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