CN106094004B - A kind of single particle energy measuring device and method based on optical imagery - Google Patents
A kind of single particle energy measuring device and method based on optical imagery Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/205—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a gas
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Application of Nuclear Technology field more particularly to a kind of single particle energy measuring devices and method based on optical imagery.The present invention proposes a kind of single particle energy measuring device and method based on optical imagery, doubled using the fluorescence that the strong electrical field in monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure generates single-particle in gas scintillator, again by the imaging device of highly sensitive high-quantum efficiency to the track fluorescence imaging of multiplication intensity, it can obtain the track luminescent image of single-particle, from image zooming-out track characteristic information, and then realize the measurement of single particle energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Application of Nuclear Technology field more particularly to a kind of single particle energy measuring devices based on optical imagery
And method.
Background technique
Charged particle includes heavy charged particle (α particle, proton P and other heavy charged particles) and light charged particle (β particle
Deng), we are mainly for single heavy charged particle, abbreviation single-particle herein.
" the proton beam optical imaging method for pulsed neutron spectral measurement studies Beijing [D]: Tsinghua University's work to document 1
Journey department of physics, 2013 " disclose the optical imaging measuring device and method of a kind of particle beams power spectrum.It is dodged using the particle beams in gas
Excited gas issues fluorescence along the track position of incident direction in bright body, and the track point of the position instruction particle beams of fluorescence is glimmering
Track fluorescence records are obtained track with imaging device by the spatial distribution characteristic of the intensity distribution characterization beam energy deposition of light
Image.Experimental system setup disclosed in paper has successfully obtained the track luminescent image of proton beam, but requires incident proton
Beam intensity is to 105, and for single-particle, the fluorescence generated in gas scintillator is extremely faint, the sensitivity of imaging device and
Quantum efficiency is all limited, and direct imaging is highly difficult, therefore is difficult with existing apparatus system by optical imaging method to measure
The energy of single-particle.
Summary of the invention
The single particle energy measuring device that technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of based on optical imagery and
Method, the defect for not being capable of measuring single particle energy optically to solve the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery is provided, is characterized in that including monofilament gas
Scintillation proportional structure, air seal chamber and imaging device three parts；
The monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure includes an anodic wire, several cathode filaments, two pieces of insulation boards and high pressure
Module；The anodic wire is in monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure centre, and both ends are connect with the center of two pieces of insulation boards respectively, institute
Several cathode filaments are stated with anodic wire parallel equidistant from being uniformly distributed, envelope cylindrical, cathode filament both ends are insulated with two pieces respectively
Plate connection, a particle incidence aperture is respectively set in the relative position of two pieces of insulation boards；
The air seal chamber include cavity and the vacuum odd test valve being arranged on the cavity, charging valve and
Optical window；The monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure is located inside cavity, high-pressure modular be located at containment portion and in cavity
Anodic wire connection, the particle entrance window of one with one of described particle incidence aperture face are provided on the cavity
Mouthful, the inside cavity is full of working gas；The cathode filament and cavity ground connection.
Optical window face on the camera lens and cavity of the imaging device.
Two pieces of insulation boards are provided with support column, the anodic wire, cathode filament and support between corresponding four angles
It is parallel to each other between column.
The anodic wire diameter is less than 50 μm, and cathode filament diameter is less than 1mm, and the anodic wire and cathode filament are all conduction material
Material.
The material of the insulation board is ceramics or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The particle incidence aperture is located at immediately below insulation board center at 5mm.
The particle incident window is sealed using titanium film.
The optical window is cylindrical quartz glass, and light transmittance is greater than 90%.
The working gas mainly includes rare gas and carbon tetrafluoride gas.
The present invention also provides a kind of single particle energy measuring method based on above-mentioned apparatus, be characterized in that including
Following steps:
(1) monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure is placed in air seal chamber, is adjacent to optical window, while guaranteeing anode
Silk is parallel to the plane of optical window, and insulation plate end face is parallel to particle incident window, particle incidence aperture and particle entrance window
The center of mouth is on same axis；It vacuumized after cavity sealing, be filled with working gas；High-pressure modular provides stabilization to anodic wire
High pressure, cathode filament and cavity are grounded, and equally distributed electric field will be generated between such anodic wire and cathode filament, attached in anodic wire
Near field electric field is most strong；Single-particle to be measured is parallel to anodic wire from the gas that particle incidence aperture is incident in electric field, in sun
Nearby snowslide occurs polar filament for strong electric field region, makes single-particle track fluorescence intensity fold increase；
(2) it brings into focus to imaging device, the depth of field and position, the track fluorescence to double to step (1) are imaged, obtain
The track luminescent image of single-particle；
(3) the single-particle track image that step (2) obtains is handled, and extracts track characteristic information: first to image
Noise reduction, filtering, then diameter trace vector product gets track fluorescence intensity along the distribution of particle incident direction, i.e. Bragg curve,
It therefrom can intuitively read Bragg peak position Xp；By the analysis to image grayscale and gradient or to the direct of track image
It reads, obtains the terminal position X of single-particle trackR；
(4) energy of single-particle is obtained by the single-particle track characteristic information that step (3) obtains.
The step (4) the following steps are included:
4.1) the specific homologous thread X of single particle energy Yu its track characteristic information is establishedP(E) or XR(E)；
Track fluorescence intensity characterizes particle along the energy deposition distribution of incident direction along the distribution of particle incident direction；
Energy deposition distribution of the particle along incident direction are as follows:
In formula:
ε0For dielectric constant in vacuum；
m0For electric proton rest mass, e is electronic charge；
V is incoming particle speed, and z is incoming particle charge number；
Z is the ordinal number of target substance atom, and I is target substance average equivalent ionization potential, and N is the atom of target substance unit volume
Number；
Therefore the primary power of incoming particle are as follows:
In formula: R is the range of incoming particle, the single-particle track terminal position X that can be obtained from the step (3)RWith
Particle initial position X0Difference directly obtain, i.e. R=XR-X0；
When experiment condition is consistent, i.e., in addition to v, all one timing of dependent variable, because of particle energy E=1/ in formula (1)
2mv2, wherein m is mass particle, and particle only changes with its ENERGY E along the energy deposition distribution of incident direction, therefore track feature is believed
Breath, including Bragg peak position XpWith track terminal position XRIt is all in one-to-one relationship with the ENERGY E of single-particle to be measured；
Using a series of single-particle of known energies, by the step (1) to (3) to the list based on optical imagery
Particle energy measuring device is demarcated, and Bragg peak position X in single particle energy E and its track characteristic information is establishedpWith track end
End position XRSpecific corresponding relationship, obtain using ENERGY E as abscissa, Bragg peak position XpOr track terminal position XRFor ordinate
Standard curve XP(E) or XR(E)；
4.2) from curve XP(E) or XR(E) energy of single-particle to be measured is directly obtained；
The Bragg peak position X of single-particle track to be measured is obtained by the step (3)pWith terminal position XR, bring into from step
4.2) the curve X obtainedP(E) or XR(E) ordinate reads corresponding abscissa directly from curve, that is, directly obtains list to be measured
The corresponding ENERGY E of particle.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) present invention solves single-particle diameter using monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure by single-particle fluorescence intensity fold increase
The deficiency of mark less fluorescence.
(2) apparatus of the present invention to the amplification factor M of single-particle fluorescence intensity can by between anodic wire and cathode filament away from
It is adjusted from b.Since in apparatus of the present invention, vacuum odd test valve 7, charging valve 8 and optical window 9 can be processed in gas
On the cavity 10 of body sealed chamber, the distance between chamber interior monofilament scintillation proportional structure middle-jiao yang, function of the spleen and stomach polar filament 1 and cathode filament 2 b can
To accomplish to be less than 1cm.Distance b is smaller, and nearby electric field is stronger for anodic wire 1, and fluorescence snowslide amplification factor M is bigger.In addition, distance
B is smaller, and anodic wire 1 is closer with a distance from optical window 7 and imaging device, and the number of photons that imaging lens 12 are collected into is more.This
The single-particle track image that both sides reason can all make is more clear with the reduction of b.
(3) optical imaging method of present invention measurement single particle energy is very intuitive, very easy, and method is flexible, can be in real time
Provide measurement result.Single-particle track image reflects its energy deposition distribution, is in one-to-one relationship with particle energy, according to list
Particle track luminous intensity is isometrical along distribution curve (Bragg curve) peak position of incident direction or the terminal position of single-particle track
Mark characteristic information can obtain the energy of incident single-particle.
(4) present invention can measure the energy of a variety of charged particles, and measurable energy range is larger, with specific reference to hair
The size of bright device and the type of working gas and pressure etc. select.
(5) present invention can carry out the discrimination of particle kind.The different particles of identical energy energy in the same medium
Deposition distribution can be different, and then track luminescent image has difference, and the discrimination of particle kind is carried out according to this feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of single particle energy measuring device and method schematic diagram based on optical imagery.
Fig. 2 is a kind of side view of monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure both ends insulation board.
In figure, 1- anodic wire, 2- cathode filament, 3- insulation board, 4- support column, 5- particle incidence aperture, 6- particle entrance window
Mouthful, 7- vacuum odd test valve, 8- charging valve, 9- optical window, 10- cavity, 11- working gas, 12- camera lens, 13- camera,
14- high-pressure modular, 15- particle collimator, 16- incidence single-particle.
Fig. 3 is the track luminescent image of the single 5.485MeV α particle acquired based on the present invention.
Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 3 single-particle track image by noise reduction filtering treated Bragg curve.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description to the present invention.
A kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery, referring to Fig.1, including monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio knot
Structure, air seal chamber and imaging device three parts.Wherein monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure include anodic wire 1, cathode filament 2,
Insulation board 3, support column 4, particle incidence aperture 5, working gas 11 and high-pressure modular 14；Air seal chamber include cavity 10,
Particle incident window 6, vacuum odd test valve 7, charging valve 8 and optical window 9；Imaging device includes camera lens 12 and camera 13.
Monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure is relatively flexible in practical applications, referring to Figures 1 and 2, both ends insulation board 3
Most handy high pressure resistant and few ceramic material of deflating, can be made as broad as long cuboid, thickness 1cm or so, and supporter 4 is solid
It is scheduled on 3 periphery of insulation board, supports total, overall profile is in rectangular parallelepiped structure；Anodic wire 1, cathode filament 2 and support 4 it
Between be parallel to each other, the insulator 3 that anodic wire 1 and 2 both ends of cathode filament are all each passed through both ends is welded and fixed, and in shape is straightened
State, 1 both ends of anodic wire are separately fixed at the center of both ends insulation board 3, and cathode filament 2 can be selected 6,12 or 18,
Can be more, it is all equidistant with anodic wire 1, distance is also equal between cathode filament 2, and the envelope of cathode filament 2 and anodic wire 1 is in circle
Cylindricality；Insulation board 3 is also provided with a particle incidence aperture 5, between a cathode wire bonds and anode wire bonds, and it is close
Anode wire bonds, diameter is proper in 1mm-5mm, is incident in electric field for particle；It is 20 that anodic wire 1, which can select diameter,
μm gold-plated tungsten wire, it is the copper wire of 0.5mm that cathode filament 2, which can select diameter, and insulation board 3 is necessary for high voltage bearing insulator (most
Handy high pressure resistant and few ceramic material of deflating, can also select common polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), support column 4 is the biggish material of hardness
Copper rod or aluminium bar that diameter is 5mm can be selected in material；Working gas 11 is one or more mixed glitter gases, including dilute
There are gas, carbon tetrafluoride gas or other glitter gases, commonly uses pure carbon tetrafluoride gas or carbon tetrafluoride gas and rare gas
The mixed gas of body；Under this size, high-pressure modular 14 provides 2500V-5000V high pressure to anodic wire 1, in 1 He of anodic wire
Cylindrical region between cathode filament 2 generates electric field, and direction of an electric field radially, enhances rapidly close to anodic wire region.
Air seal chamber shape is also relatively flexible, but cuboid is most suitable, and referring to Fig.1, cavity 10 is stainless steel material；Grain
Sub- incident window 6 is sealed using titanium film, and titanium film thickness is selected according to particle penetration ability and gas pressure intensity, if measurement low energy grain
Son selects hundred nanometers to ten microns, if measurement high energy particle, thickness can be several microns；Optical window 9 is cylindrical quartz
Glass, thickness 1cm or so.
Imaging device is placed in 9 outside of optical window, and camera lens 12 is lens group, and camera 13 is imitated preferably with highly sensitive high quantum
The ICCD of rate.
Based on single particle energy measuring device of the invention, measurement method the following steps are included:
(1) monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure is placed in air seal chamber, is adjacent to optical window 9, while guaranteeing sun
Polar filament 1 is parallel to the plane of optical window 9, and 3 end face of insulation board is parallel to particle incident window 6.
(2) particle to be measured can pass through particle incident window 6 by collimator on the outside of cavity 10 and be incident on monofilament gas
In scintillation proportional structure, need to guarantee that the center of particle incidence aperture 5, particle incident window 6 and collimator is at this time
On same axis, the electric field region that is incident on convenient for particle between anodic wire and cathode filament；Particle to be measured can also directly be set
Electric field region between anodic wire 1 and cathode filament 2, is parallel to anodic wire after fixing and collimate by insulating materials and is emitted to work
Make in gas 11.
(3) after the incidence of particle to be measured and position fix, seal cavity 10 vacuumizes, is filled with working gas 11；
High-pressure modular 14 provides high pressure to anodic wire 1, and cathode filament 2 and cavity 10 are grounded, will between such anodic wire 1 and cathode filament 2
Equally distributed electric field is generated, it is most strong in 1 near zone electric field of anodic wire, guaranteed near anodic wire 1 by adjusting voltage swing
The electric field strength in region reaches the threshold value 10 of fluorescence multiplication6V/m；Single-particle to be measured is parallel to anodic wire 1 and is incident on 1 He of anodic wire
In gas between cathode filament 2, snowslide occurs for strong electric field region near anodic wire, makes track fluorescence intensity fold increase.
(4) imaging device is brought into focus, the depth of field and position, the track fluorescence to double to step (3) are imaged, obtain
The track luminescent image of single-particle.Referring to Fig. 3, the track based on the single 5.485MeV α particle of the invention acquired shines
Image.
(5) image obtained to step (4) is handled, and extracts the track characteristic information of single-particle, is first dropped to image
It makes an uproar, filter, then diameter trace vector product gets track fluorescence intensity along the distribution of particle incident direction, i.e. Bragg curve, ginseng
According to Fig. 4, corresponding to the Bragg curve of Fig. 3 single-particle track, Bragg peak position X can be intuitively read from figurep；By to figure
It is directly read as the analysis of gray scale and gradient or to track image, obtains the terminal position X of single-particle trackR。
(6) energy of single-particle is obtained by the single-particle track characteristic information that step (5) obtains.
6.1) the specific homologous thread X of single particle energy Yu its track characteristic information is establishedP(E) or XR(E)；
Track fluorescence intensity characterizes particle along the energy deposition distribution of incident direction along the distribution of particle incident direction；
Energy deposition distribution of the particle along incident direction are as follows:
In formula:
ε0For dielectric constant in vacuum；
m0For electric proton rest mass, e is electronic charge；
V is incoming particle speed, and z is incoming particle charge number；
Z is the ordinal number of target substance atom, and I is target substance average equivalent ionization potential, and N is the atom of target substance unit volume
Number；
Therefore the primary power of incoming particle are as follows:
In formula: R is the range of incoming particle, the single-particle track terminal position X that can be obtained from the step (5)RWith
Particle initial position X0Difference directly obtain, i.e. R=XR-X0；
When experiment condition is consistent, i.e., in addition to v, all one timing of dependent variable, because of particle energy E=1/ in formula (1)
2mv2, wherein m is mass particle, and particle only changes with its ENERGY E along the energy deposition distribution of incident direction, therefore track feature is believed
Breath, including Bragg peak position XpWith track terminal position XRIt is all in one-to-one relationship with the ENERGY E of single-particle to be measured；
Using a series of single-particle of known energies, by the step (1) to (5) to the list based on optical imagery
Particle energy measuring device is demarcated, and Bragg peak position X in single particle energy E and its track characteristic information is establishedpWith track end
End position XRSpecific corresponding relationship, obtain using ENERGY E as abscissa, Bragg peak position XpOr track terminal position XRFor ordinate
Standard curve XP(E) or XR(E)；
6.2) from curve XP(E) or XR(E) energy of single-particle to be measured is directly obtained；
The Bragg peak position X of single-particle track to be measured is obtained by the step (5)pWith terminal position XR, bring into from step
6.2) the curve X obtainedP(E) or XR(E) ordinate reads corresponding abscissa directly from curve, that is, directly obtains list to be measured
The corresponding ENERGY E of particle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery, it is characterised in that: including monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio knot
Structure, air seal chamber and imaging device three parts；
The monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure includes an anodic wire, several cathode filaments, two pieces of insulation boards and high-pressure modular；
The anodic wire is in monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure centre, and both ends are connect with the center of insulation board respectively, several yin
With anodic wire parallel equidistant from being uniformly distributed, envelope cylindrical, cathode filament both ends are connect with insulation board polar filament respectively, and described two
A particle incidence aperture is respectively set in the relative position of block insulation board；
The air seal chamber includes cavity and the vacuum odd test valve, charging valve and the optics that are arranged on the cavity
Window；The monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure is located inside cavity, high-pressure modular be located at containment portion and with the intracorporal sun of chamber
Polar filament connects, and the particle of one with the particle incidence aperture face on the insulation board far from high-pressure modular are provided on the cavity
Incident window, the inside cavity are full of working gas；The cathode filament and cavity ground connection；
Optical window face on the camera lens and cavity of the imaging device.
2. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Two pieces of insulation boards are provided with support column between corresponding four angles, mutually flat between the anodic wire, cathode filament and support column
Row.
3. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Anodic wire diameter is less than 50 μm, and cathode filament diameter is less than 1mm, and the anodic wire and cathode filament are all conductive material.
4. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The material of insulation board is ceramics or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
5. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Particle incidence aperture is located at immediately below insulation board center at 5mm.
6. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Particle incident window is sealed using titanium film.
7. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Optical window is cylindrical quartz glass, and light transmittance is greater than 90%.
8. a kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Working gas mainly includes rare gas and carbon tetrafluoride gas.
9. the single particle energy measuring method based on claim 1 described device, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) monofilament gas scintillation direct ratio structure is placed in air seal chamber, is adjacent to optical window, while guaranteeing that anodic wire is flat
For row in the plane of optical window, the plate end face that insulate is parallel to particle incident window, particle incidence aperture and particle incident window
Center is on same axis；It vacuumized after cavity sealing, be filled with working gas；High-pressure modular is provided to anodic wire stablizes height
Pressure, cathode filament and cavity are grounded, and equally distributed electric field will be generated between such anodic wire and cathode filament, near anodic wire
Region electric field is most strong；Single-particle to be measured is parallel to anodic wire from the gas that particle incidence aperture is incident in electric field, in anode
Nearby snowslide occurs silk for strong electric field region, makes single-particle track fluorescence intensity fold increase；
(2) it brings into focus to imaging device, the depth of field and position, the track fluorescence of step (1) multiplication is imaged, simple grain is obtained
The track luminescent image of son；
(3) the single-particle track image that step (2) obtains is handled, and extracts track characteristic information: first to image noise reduction,
Filtering, then diameter trace vector product gets track fluorescence intensity along the distribution of particle incident direction, i.e. Bragg curve, therefrom
Bragg peak position X can intuitively be readp；It is directly read by the analysis to image grayscale and gradient or to track image,
Obtain the initial position X of single-particle track0With terminal position XR；
(4) energy of single-particle is obtained by the single-particle track characteristic information that step (3) obtains.
10. single particle energy measuring method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the step (4) includes following step
It is rapid:
4.1) the specific homologous thread X of single particle energy Yu its track characteristic information is establishedP(E) or XR(E)；
4.2) from curve XP(E) or XR(E) energy of single-particle to be measured is directly obtained.
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| CN106707328B (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2023-12-15 | 清华大学 | Neutron spectrum measuring device and measuring method by utilizing single photon track imaging |
| CN109269979B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-06-02 | 山东大学 | Sample placing system and method for obtaining single-particle fluorescence-micro morphology |
| CN110082815B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2023-05-23 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | Ultra-wide LET detection method and device adopting pixel type silicon sensor |
| CN114509802B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2024-08-16 | 西北核技术研究所 | Proton sensitivity calibration device and method for optical imaging energy spectrum measurement system |
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