CN106093283B - A kind of test method and device of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance - Google Patents

A kind of test method and device of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance Download PDF

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CN106093283B
CN106093283B CN201610457533.1A CN201610457533A CN106093283B CN 106093283 B CN106093283 B CN 106093283B CN 201610457533 A CN201610457533 A CN 201610457533A CN 106093283 B CN106093283 B CN 106093283B
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lithium battery
fire
chamber
fire extinguisher
data processing
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CN106093283A (en
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薛林
张磊
张永丰
黄昊
曹丽英
李跃伟
华万仁
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Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM
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Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property, including one side to have the chamber of glass door, and lithium battery ignition device and lithium battery are placed in chamber；High-speed camera alignment glass door is shot；One jiao opens up air outlet at the top of chamber, and bottom diagonally opens up air inlet, and air inlet and air outlet set anemobiagraph respectively；At least one flue gas analyzer sampler is stretched into chamber；Thermocouple tree is stretched into chamber, and above lithium battery；Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher to be evaluated is stretched into chamber from top to bottom by discharge pipe, and discharge pipe end is provided with downward shower nozzle, shower nozzle alignment lithium battery；Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher to be evaluated carries out long-range ON/OFF control by self-extinguishing control device；Anemobiagraph, high-speed camera, flue gas analyzer sampler, thermocouple are connected by least one data acquisition unit with data processing equipment；Self-extinguishing control device is connected with data processing equipment.

Description

A kind of test method and device of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig of fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance, is a kind of Fast Evaluation lithium battery specifically The test method and device of fire extinguishing property, belong to fire extinguisher Performance Evaluation Technique field.
Background technology
Between 2009 to 2015, country releases one after another《On carrying out energy-conservation and new-energy automobile Demonstration And Extension pilot The notice of work》Deng paper series, electric automobile turns into the emerging strategic industries that China's emphasis is cultivated.However, electronic During the application of automobile, there occurs a series of fire incidents, such as Hangzhou electric taxi fire accident in 2011, Shenzhen electric bus incidents of spontaneous combustion in 2015, Norway's charging electric vehicle firing accident in 2016 etc..It further investigation reveals that, electricity Electrical automobile fire is mostly relevant with its dynamic lithium battery.The fire safety evaluating of lithium battery is the key of electric automobile security against fire, JT/ T325-2013《Operating passenger car Type division and ranking》Define electric motor coach or hybrid power passenger car should assemble it is dynamic The special automatic fire extinguisher of battery case.
In the development process of lithium battery fire extinguishing device, it is necessary to a set of fire fighting test device is established, to test fire extinguishing The extinguishing property of device.Moreover, before extinguishing device comes into operation, it is also necessary to extinguishing property evaluation is carried out, to ensure that its is reliable Property.A kind of test method and device that can effectively and accurately evaluate lithium battery fire extinguishing property is how established, turns into ability The technical barrier of domain urgent need to resolve.
The content of the invention
In the prior art, also compare to fall on evaluation method and evaluating apparatus of the fire extinguisher for the extinguishing property of lithium battery Afterwards, it is contemplated that establishing a kind of test method and dress that can quickly, effectively and accurately evaluate lithium battery fire extinguishing property Put, so as to provide the basis of the test data of preciousness for the research and development and improvement of the fire extinguisher for lithium battery.
The present invention takes following technical scheme：
A kind of experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property, including one side have the chamber of glass door 1, the chamber 1 is interior to place lithium battery ignition device 5 and lithium battery 4；High-speed camera 15 is directed at the glass door and clapped Take the photograph, the time interval ignited and extinguished for recording lithium battery 4；One jiao of the top of chamber 1 opens up air outlet 3, bottom pair Angle opens up air inlet 2, and air inlet and air outlet set anemobiagraph 16 respectively, for measuring real-time wind speed；At least one flue gas point Analyzer sampler 14 is stretched into the chamber 1, for testing smoke components and content；Thermocouple tree 13 stretches into the chamber In 1, and above lithium battery, for test flame temperature；Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 to be evaluated is by discharge pipe from upper Stretched under and in chamber 1, discharge pipe end is provided with downward shower nozzle 12, shower nozzle alignment lithium battery；Lithium battery fire to be evaluated Calamity fire extinguisher 6 carries out long-range ON/OFF control by self-extinguishing control device；The anemobiagraph 16, high-speed camera 15, flue gas Analyzer sampler 14, thermocouple tree 13 are connected by least one data acquisition unit 17 with data processing equipment 18；Automatically go out Fiery control device is connected with data processing equipment 18.
Further, the self-extinguishing control device includes cylinder 9, magnetic valve 8, air compressor 7；The air pressure The exhaust outlet of contracting machine 7 sets magnetic valve 8, and magnetic valve 8 is connected with cylinder 8, the unlatching of cylinder 8 and lithium battery fire fire extinguisher to be evaluated Handle connects, and the magnetic valve 8 controls unlatching/closing by data processing equipment 18.
Further, the lithium battery ignition device 5 is heater, and the data processing equipment 18 is computer.
Further, the aperture area of the air inlet 2 and air outlet 3 can be adjusted, and so as to adjust wind speed, control air Flow.
Further, at least measurable O of the flue gas analyzer2And CO, CO2, HF lithium battery combustion characteristic gases, quantity For 1-3.
Further, the thermocouple tree 13 includes armoured thermocouple 2-8, a diameter of 0.5-3mm of armoured thermocouple.
Further, the discharge pipe includes high-pressure hose 10, the stainless steel tube 11 being sequentially connected, the high-pressure hose 10 are connected with lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 to be evaluated, and stainless steel tube 11 is connected with shower nozzle 12.
Further, the lithium battery is caught fire by external heat or puncture or the form overcharged.
Further, the inner space of chamber 1 is cube, volume 1-30m3.
A kind of test method of the experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property, comprises the following steps：
A) early-stage preparations：Fire extinguisher 6 to be evaluated is accessed into self-extinguishing control device, the upper air inlet 2 of Adjustment Tests case 1 With the aperture area of air outlet 3；By for measuring oxygen concentration and thermally decomposing the flue gas analyzer sampler of gaseous product content 14th, the high-speed camera 15 for measuring attack time and the thermocouple tree 13 for measuring lithium battery ignition temperature are respectively provided to corresponding positions Put；These measurement apparatus are connected with data acquisition unit 17 respectively；The lithium battery of fixed model is placed on experimental box precalculated position；
B) test process：Test software is opened, ignite lithium battery, closes experiment chamber door, starts automatic fire extinguisher, wind speed Record records fire extinguishing procedure in real time for instrument 16, high-speed camera 15, flue gas analyzer sampler 14, thermocouple tree 13, collection in real time Oxygen concentration, gaseous product content and flame combustion temperature are thermally decomposed, and be uploaded to data processing equipment 18；
C) subsequent treatment：When high-speed photography shows flame all extinguishings, closing automatic fire extinguisher, stopping ejecting extinguishing Agent, the aperture area of air inlet and air outlet is adjusted to maximum, starts to discharge fume；The data of the record collection of data processing equipment 18, And gathered data versus time curve is generated, weigh fire extinguisher quality, off-test.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1) lithium battery combustion model is established in chamber, oxygen concentration, thermal decomposition gas production during measurement experiment Thing content and attack time and foamite amount multiple parameters, so as to realize commenting to lithium battery fire extinguishing device performance comprehensively Valency.
2) experimental rig is provided with air inlet and air outlet, and by controlling air mass flow, being capable of authentic simulation lithium battery Fire hazard environment condition.
3) automatically controlling for agent application is realized by the way of cylinder pushes fire-extinguisher handle, simple to operate, fire extinguishing It is convenient that device is changed, and test efficiency is high.
4) the lithium battery experimental rig on fire for providing a set of perfect Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property is directed to, Test parameters test is comprehensive, and experiment is convenient, quick, reliable.
5) data of collection are handled in real time using data processing equipments such as computers, so as to obtain gathered data with The curve of time change, it is easy to the work of subsequent analysis and optimization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is fire extinguisher and the enlarged drawing at self-extinguishing control device position in Fig. 1.
In figure, 1. chambers, 2. air inlets, 3. air outlets, 4. lithium batteries, 5. lithium battery ignition devices, 6. lithiums to be evaluated Battery fire fire extinguisher, 7. air compressors, 8. magnetic valves, 9. cylinders, 10. high-pressure hoses, 11. stainless steel tubes, 12. shower nozzles, 13. thermocouple tree, 14. flue gas analyzer samplers, 15. high-speed cameras, 16. anemobiagraphs, 17. data acquisition units, 18. data Processing unit.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 2, a kind of experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property, including one side have glass The chamber 1 of glass door, the chamber 1 is interior to place lithium battery ignition device 5 and lithium battery 4；High-speed camera 15 is aligned described Glass door is shot, the time interval ignited and extinguished for recording lithium battery 4；One jiao of the top of chamber 1 opens up out Air port 3, bottom diagonally open up air inlet 2, and air inlet and air outlet set anemobiagraph 16 respectively, for measuring real-time wind speed；Extremely A few flue gas analyzer sampler 14 is stretched into the chamber 1, for testing smoke components and content；Thermocouple tree 13 stretches Enter in the chamber 1, and above lithium battery, for test flame temperature；Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 to be evaluated passes through Discharge pipe stretches into chamber 1 from top to bottom, and discharge pipe end is provided with downward shower nozzle 12, shower nozzle alignment lithium battery；Treat Evaluate lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 and long-range ON/OFF control is carried out by self-extinguishing control device；The anemobiagraph 16, high speed Photographic apparatus 15, flue gas analyzer sampler 14, thermocouple tree 13 pass through at least one data acquisition unit 17 and data processing equipment 18 connections；Self-extinguishing control device is connected with data processing equipment 18.
Referring to Fig. 2, the self-extinguishing control device includes cylinder 9, magnetic valve 8, air compressor 7；The air pressure The exhaust outlet of contracting machine 7 sets magnetic valve 8, and magnetic valve 8 is connected with cylinder 8, the unlatching of cylinder 8 and lithium battery fire fire extinguisher to be evaluated Handle connects, and the magnetic valve 8 controls unlatching/closing by data processing equipment 18.
Referring to Fig. 1, the lithium battery ignition device 5 is heater, and the data processing equipment 18 is computer.
Referring to Fig. 1, the aperture area of the air inlet 2 and air outlet 3 can be adjusted, and so as to adjust wind speed, control air Flow.
At least measurable O of the flue gas analyzer2And CO, CO2, HF lithium battery combustion characteristic gases, quantity is 1-3.
The thermocouple tree 13 includes armoured thermocouple 2-8, a diameter of 0.5-3mm of armoured thermocouple.
The discharge pipe includes the high-pressure hose 10, the stainless steel tube 11 that are sequentially connected, the high-pressure hose 10 with it is to be evaluated Valency lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 is connected, and stainless steel tube 11 is connected with shower nozzle 12.
The lithium battery is caught fire by external heat or puncture or the form overcharged.
The inner space of chamber 1 is cube, volume 1-30m3。
The capture rate of high-speed camera 15 is 2000fps, quantity 1.
The range of anemobiagraph 16 is 0-20m/s, each at air inlet and air outlet to set 1.
Lithium battery 4 is square bag shaped structure, is caught fire by the heating of heater 5.
The input voltage of magnetic valve 8 is 12-24V, and the stroke of cylinder 9 is 100mm, can control cylinder 9 to live by magnetic valve 8 The propulsion and contraction of plug.
The power range of heater is 0-10kW.
The inner space of chamber 1 is cube, volume 3.375m3, and chamber 1 includes a door and an observation window, Door is provided with handle and sealing device, and the area of observation window is 1m2.
Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 to be evaluated is arranged under cylinder 9, is controlled the injection of fire extinguisher 6 by cylinder 9 and is stopped Only.
The test method of the Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire extinguishing property of a kind of device as shown in Figure 1, by fixed model Lithium battery is placed in chamber, fire extinguisher to be evaluated is accessed into self-extinguishing control device, then ignite lithium battery, opens Open extinguishing device to be put out a fire, record the fire extinguishing procedure of lithium battery in real time, and the oxygen gathered in fire extinguishing procedure in chamber is dense Then the data collected are uploaded to data processing equipment by degree, lithium battery ignition temperature and thermal decomposition gaseous product content.When Naked light in chamber disappears, then it represents that put out a fire successfully, record oxygen concentration, thermally decompose gaseous product content, attack time and Foamite amount, so as to realize the overall merit to lithium battery fire extinguishing device performance.
Specifically comprise the following steps：
The door of chamber 1 is opened, lithium battery 4 and heater 5 are set in chamber 1, regulation heater 5 arrives predetermined Power.
The aperture area of air inlet 2 and air outlet 3 is set, wind speed is measured by anemobiagraph, complied with to air flow Requirement.
The temperature sensor, flue gas analyzer sampler 14 and high-speed camera 15 of thermocouple tree 13 are fixed, and is ensured It is connected normally with data acquisition unit.
The position of fixed lithium battery fire fire extinguisher 6 to be evaluated, and it is connected with high-pressure hose 10, enable cylinder 9 proper The handle of fire extinguisher 6 is pushed well, so as to realize that fire extinguisher 6 sprays and what is stopped automatically controlling.
Start each data acquisition software, start recording test data.
Confirm each data acquisition software normal operation, close the door of chamber 1, heater 5.
Treat that lithium battery 4 fully burns, start magnetic valve 8, cylinder 9 is depressed the handle of fire extinguisher 6, start to put out a fire.
When high-speed photography shows that flame all extinguishes, close automatic fire extinguisher, stop spray fire extinguishing agent, by air inlet and The aperture area of air outlet is adjusted to maximum, starts to discharge fume；The data of the record collection of data processing equipment 18, and generate gathered data Versus time curve, weigh fire extinguisher quality, off-test.
Above-described embodiment is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, this area are common Technical staff can carry out simple transformation on the basis of above-described embodiment, and this simple transformation should be regarded as being equal with the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance, it is characterised in that：
    There is the chamber (1) of glass door including one side, lithium battery ignition device (5) and lithium are placed in the chamber (1) Battery (4)；
    High-speed camera (15) is directed at the glass door and shot, and is ignited for recording lithium battery (4) between time for extinguishing Every；
    One jiao opens up air outlet (3) at the top of the chamber (1), and bottom diagonally opens up air inlet (2), air inlet and air outlet point Not She Zhi anemobiagraph (16), for measuring real-time wind speed；
    At least one flue gas analyzer sampler (14) is stretched into the chamber (1), for testing smoke components and content；
    Thermocouple tree (13) is stretched into the chamber (1), and above lithium battery, for test flame temperature；
    Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher (6) to be evaluated is stretched into chamber (1) from top to bottom by discharge pipe, discharge pipe end Provided with downward shower nozzle (12), shower nozzle alignment lithium battery；
    Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher (6) to be evaluated carries out long-range ON/OFF control by self-extinguishing control device；
    The anemobiagraph (16), high-speed camera (15), flue gas analyzer sampler (14), thermocouple tree (13) pass through at least one Individual data acquisition unit (17) is connected with data processing equipment (18)；Self-extinguishing control device connects with data processing equipment (18) Connect；
    The self-extinguishing control device includes cylinder (9), magnetic valve (8), air compressor (7)；The air compressor (7) Exhaust outlet sets magnetic valve (8), and magnetic valve (8) is connected with cylinder (9), cylinder (9) and lithium battery fire fire extinguisher to be evaluated Opening handle connects, and the magnetic valve (8) controls unlatching/closing by data processing equipment (18)；
    The aperture area of the air inlet (2) and air outlet (3) can be adjusted, and so as to adjust wind speed, control air mass flow；
    The thermocouple tree (13) includes armoured thermocouple 2-8, a diameter of 0.5-3mm of armoured thermocouple；
    The discharge pipe includes high-pressure hose (10), the stainless steel tube (11) being sequentially connected, and the high-pressure hose (10) is with treating Lithium battery fire fire extinguisher (6) connection is evaluated, stainless steel tube (11) is connected with shower nozzle (12).
  2. 2. the experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： The lithium battery ignition device (5) is heater, and the data processing equipment (18) is computer.
  3. 3. the experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： At least measurable O of the flue gas analyzer2And CO, CO2, HF lithium battery combustion characteristic gases, quantity is 1-3.
  4. 4. the experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： The lithium battery is caught fire by external heat or puncture or the form overcharged.
  5. 5. the experimental rig of Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： Chamber (1) inner space is cube, volume 1-30m3.
  6. A kind of 6. experiment side of the experimental rig of the Fast Evaluation lithium battery fire fire fighting with fire extinguisher performance described in claim 1 Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    A) early-stage preparations：Fire extinguisher (6) to be evaluated is accessed into self-extinguishing control device, Adjustment Tests case (1) upper air inlet (2) and air outlet (3) aperture area；It will be adopted for measuring oxygen concentration and thermally decomposing the flue gas analyzer of gaseous product content The thermocouple tree (13) of sample device (14), the high-speed camera (15) for measuring attack time and measurement lithium battery ignition temperature sets respectively Put to relevant position；These measurement apparatus are connected with data acquisition unit (17) respectively；The lithium battery of fixed model is placed on reality Tryoff precalculated position；
    B) test process：Test software is opened, ignite lithium battery, closes experiment chamber door, starts automatic fire extinguisher, anemobiagraph (16), record records fire extinguishing procedure in real time for high-speed camera (15), flue gas analyzer sampler (14), thermocouple tree (13), real When gather oxygen concentration, thermally decompose gaseous product content and flame combustion temperature, and be uploaded to data processing equipment (18)；
    C) subsequent treatment：When high-speed photography shows that flame all extinguishes, closing automatic fire extinguisher, stopping spray fire extinguishing agent will The aperture area of air inlet and air outlet is adjusted to maximum, starts to discharge fume；The data of data processing equipment (18) record collection, and it is raw Into gathered data versus time curve, fire extinguisher quality, off-test are weighed.
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