CN106092336B - A kind of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method - Google Patents
A kind of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion methods, including：The two-dimensional antenna directional diagram of each unit antenna in one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer is measured, and sparse arrangement is carried out to antenna unit array, forms the baseline covering for meeting imaging requirements；Two-dimensional antenna directional diagram is converted into one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern, and the measuring system response matrix of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer is calculated using the one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern being converted to；Using the visibility function after the measuring system response matrix of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer and systematic survey and calibration, carries out image inverting and obtain high-precision bright temperature image.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radiometers image-forming field, more particularly to a kind of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inverting side
Method.
Background technology
Interferometric synthetic aperture microwave radiometer measuring principle is different from traditional true aperture microwave radiometry.It is not
It is directly to carry out bright temperature measurement in spatial domain, but one kind measures indirectly.Interfere type micro-wave radiometer first to object space frequency
Spectrum measures, and then by Fourier transform, inverting obtains the bright temperature information of target.
Due to using above-mentioned indirect measure, the bright temperature measurement error of interferometric synthetic aperture microwave radiometer is in addition to coming
Other than the error of hardware system itself, it is also from the bright temperature figure in the raw measurement data from spatial frequency domain to spatial domain
The inversion method of picture.In the major applications field of radiometer, there is higher requirement to the measurement error of bright temperature image.Such as
In spaceborne Ocean Salinity remote sensing application, 0.1K magnitudes are reached for the bright temperature measurement required precision of L-band radiometer, this requires comprehensive
The bright temperature image inversion method error for closing aperture radiation meter is also required to control within 0.1K.
In traditional one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometers image-forming method, the modeling of visibility function usually only considers one-dimensional
Visual field is distributed (referring to bibliography 1：C.T.Swift,D.M.LeVine,C.S.Ruf,"Aperture Synthesis
Concepts in Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth ", IEEE TRANS, vol.39, no.12,
Dec,1991).Including the U.S. propose one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer ESTAR (referring to bibliography 2：D.M.LeVine,
A.J.Griffis,C.T.Swift,T.J.Jackson,“ESTAR:A Synthetic Aperture Microwave
Radiometer for Remote Sensing Applications”,Proceedings of the IEEE,vol.82,
Issue.12, pp.1787-1801, Aug, 2002), the one-dimensional aperture synthesis spoke of X-band complete polarization that space center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposes
Meter is penetrated (referring to bibliography 3：Yang Xiaocheng, Yan Jingye, Wu Ji, " improved G matrix modelling is radiated in complete polarization aperture synthesis
Application in meter ", Beijing Institute of Technology's journal, vol.35, no.7, pp.750-754, in July, 2015), in imaging method
Use the modeling pattern of one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern.However to the one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer of spaceborne earth observation, observation regards
Field is two-dimentional earth disk, and the target bright temperature image that inverting obtains needs to answer for one-dimensional band so in image inverting
With one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern.The row that traditional method can measure in antenna radiation pattern where maximum value in advance are schemed for bright temperature
As inverting, and such image inversion algorithm can introduce larger Antenna error, cannot meet Ocean Salinity detection pair
The requirement of bright temperature inversion error.
Invention content
It is larger it is an object of the invention to overcome existing one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method that can introduce
Antenna error defect, to provide a kind of method that can effectively improve the bright temperature precision of inverting target.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method, packets
It includes：
Step 1), the two-dimensional antenna directional diagram for measuring each unit antenna in one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer, and to antenna
Cell array carries out sparse arrangement, forms the baseline covering for meeting imaging requirements；
The middle obtained two-dimensional antenna directional diagram that measures of step 1) is converted to one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern, and utilized by step 2)
The measuring system response matrix of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer is calculated in the one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern being converted to；
Step 3), the measuring system response matrix of the one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer obtained using step 2) and system are surveyed
Visibility function after measuring and calibrating carries out image inverting and obtains high-precision bright temperature image.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 2) further comprises：
Step 2-1), do amplitude normalization processing to the obtained two-dimensional antenna directional diagram of measurement, at the amplitude normalization
The expression formula of reason is：
Wherein, fn(ξ, η) is amplitude normalization treated two-dimensional antenna directional diagram, and fn (ξ, η) be two that measurement obtains
Tie up antenna radiation pattern, fnm(ξ, η) is antenna radiation pattern Amplitude maxima, and ξ, η are respectively pixel orientation cosine,θ andThe angle for being the far field pixel observed from aerial array under spherical coordinate system
Value；
Step 2-2), according to the obtained beam solid angle of two-dimensional antenna patterns calculating element antenna is measured, calculate
Formula is：
Wherein, Ω indicates the beam solid angle of element antenna；
Step 2-3), by step 2-1) obtained amplitude normalization treated two-dimensional antenna directional diagram and step 2-2)
The beam solid angle of obtained element antenna calculates normalization two-dimensional antenna directional diagram, and calculation formula is：
Wherein, Fn (ξ, η) indicates normalization two-dimensional antenna directional diagram；
Step 2-4), according to the baseline of aerial array arrange, the two-dimensional baseline antenna side corresponding to each baseline is calculated
Xiang TuWherein, subscript k represents k-th of antenna, and subscript j represents j-th of antenna, Fnk
(ξ, η) represents the normalized antenna radiation pattern of k-th of antenna in aerial array；* the conjugation of plural number is represented,It represents
The conjugate of j-th of antenna normalized radiation pattern in aerial array；
Step 2-5), by two-dimensional baseline directional diagram η to carry out discrete integration, obtain one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern,
Calculation formula is：
Wherein N be antenna radiation pattern η to discrete sampling points, Δ s be integrating factor；
Step 2-6), utilize step 2-5) the one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern that is converted to, one-dimensional interference formula is calculated
Microwave radiometer measuring system response matrix-G matrix Gkj=Δ s1AP′kje-j2πuξ；
Wherein Δ s1For integrating factor, u is the baseline length for being normalized to wavelength.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 3) further comprises：
Step 3-1), the inverse matrix [G] of G matrix is calculated using generalized inverse matrix, difference regularization algorithm+=f
([G]), wherein f represents the algorithm that G matrix is inverted；
Step 3-2), the bright temperature of image of inverting is calculated by the inverse matrix of G matrix：Wherein, V tables
Visibility function after showing systematic survey and calibrating.
The advantage of the invention is that：
The image inversion method of the present invention effectively prevents the bright temperature inversion error introduced due to Antenna error,
It is the ocean of spaceborne one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer to improve the precision of the one-dimensional bright temperature of synthetic aperture radiometer inverting target
Salimity measurement is laid a good foundation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is using the obtained H polarization two-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern of the prior art；
Fig. 1 (b) is using the obtained V polarization two-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern of the prior art；
Fig. 2 (a) is that H polarization is preceding to the bright temperature model figure of two-dimentional ocean visual field；
Fig. 2 (b) is that V polarization is preceding to the bright temperature model figure of two-dimentional ocean visual field；
Fig. 3 (a) is the one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern of H polarization after two dimension turns one-dimensional；
Fig. 3 (b) is the one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern of V polarization after two dimension turns one-dimensional；
Fig. 4 (a) is the H polarization ocean visual field bright temperature image schematic diagrames of method reconstruct using the present invention；
Fig. 4 (b) is the V polarization ocean visual field bright temperature image schematic diagrames of method reconstruct using the present invention；
Fig. 5 (a) is that the H polarization ocean visual field bright temperature images of method reconstruct using the present invention and the reconstruct of original image miss
Differential is intended to；
Fig. 5 (b) is that the V polarization ocean visual field bright temperature images of method reconstruct using the present invention and the reconstruct of original image miss
Differential is intended to；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In conjunction with attached drawing, the invention will be further described.
In following embodiment, one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method of the invention is with spaceborne L-band
Ocean Salinity measuring system for illustrate, in other embodiments, method of the invention can also be used for its all band
One-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer measurement system.
The one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method of the present invention can be specifically described as：
Step 101), the two-dimensional antenna directional diagram for measuring each unit antenna in one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer, and to day
Line cell array carries out sparse arrangement, forms the baseline covering for meeting imaging requirements.
Step 102), the two-dimensional antenna directional diagram obtained to measurement do amplitude normalization processing, i.e.,Wherein, fn(ξ, η) is amplitude normalization treated two-dimensional antenna directional diagram, and fn (ξ, η) is to survey
The two-dimensional antenna directional diagram measured, fnm(ξ, η) is antenna radiation pattern Amplitude maxima, and ξ, η are respectively pixel orientation cosine,Their specific value can be obtained from two-dimensional antenna directional diagram.Wherein, θ andFor
Angle value of the far field pixel observed from aerial array under spherical coordinate system.θ andIt combination defines in two dimension target visual field
The position of pixel.
The beam solid angle of step 103), the two-dimensional antenna patterns calculating element antenna obtained according to measurement calculates
Formula is：
Step 104), the amplitude normalization obtained by step 102) treated two-dimensional antenna directional diagram and step 103)
The beam solid angle of obtained element antenna calculates normalization two-dimensional antenna directional diagram, and calculation formula is：
Step 105) is arranged according to the baseline of aerial array, and the two-dimensional baseline antenna side corresponding to each baseline is calculated
Xiang TuWherein, subscript k represents k-th of antenna, and subscript j represents j-th of antenna, Fnk
(ξ, η) represents the normalized antenna radiation pattern of k-th of antenna, calculation formula in aerial array：* the conjugation of plural number is represented,J-th in representative antennas array
The conjugate of antenna normalized radiation pattern.
Step 106), by two-dimensional baseline directional diagram η to carry out discrete integration, you can obtain one-dimensional baseline antenna direction
Figure, calculation formula are：
Wherein N be antenna radiation pattern η to discrete sampling points, Δ s be integrating factor；
Step 107), the one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern being converted to using step 106), are calculated one-dimensional interference formula
Microwave radiometer measuring system response matrix-G matrix Gkj=Δ s1AP′kje-j2πuξ, wherein Δ s1For integrating factor, u is normalizing
Turn to the baseline length of wavelength；
Step 108), the inverse matrix [G] that G matrix is calculated using generalized inverse matrix, difference regularization algorithm+=f
([G]), wherein f represents the algorithm that G matrix is inverted；
Step 109), the bright temperature of image that inverting can be calculated by the inverse matrix of G matrix：Wherein V
For systematic survey and the visibility function calibrated, how to measure and be calibrated to the prior art.
In an embodiment, antenna form is parabolic column type reflector antenna, and antenna feed unit number is designed as 8
A, most short baseline is du=0.6125 λ, longest baseline are u=20du.Fig. 1 is using two Wikis being calculated in the prior art
Wire antenna directional diagram.In order to which closer to true measuring environment, the analogue observation target of setting is the two dimension ocean bright Wen Mo of visual field
Type (Fig. 2).The visibility function of systematic survey may be calculatedWhereinFor
Consider the system G matrix response of true two-dimensional field of view.
Fig. 3 illustrates transformed one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern.The calculating of inverse G matrix uses generalized inverse matrix algorithm:
[G]+=GH×(G×GH)-1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are respectively to utilize formulaThe bright temperature of image that inverting obtains and with
The comparison result of the bright temperature of original image.Image inversion result shows that inversion error control in 0.09K or so, meets Ocean Salinity and defends
The accuracy requirement that talent scout surveys.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, to the technical side of the present invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Right in.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method, including：
Step 1), the two-dimensional antenna directional diagram for measuring each unit antenna in one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer, and to antenna element
Array carries out sparse arrangement, forms the baseline covering for meeting imaging requirements；
The middle obtained two-dimensional antenna directional diagram that measures of step 1) is converted to one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern, and utilizes conversion by step 2)
The measuring system response matrix of one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer is calculated in obtained one-dimensional antenna radiation pattern；
The step 2) further comprises：
Step 2-1), amplitude normalization processing is done to the obtained two-dimensional antenna directional diagram of measurement, the amplitude normalization processing
Expression formula is：
Wherein, fn(ξ, η) is amplitude normalization treated two-dimensional antenna directional diagram, and fn (ξ, η) be the two-dimensional antenna that measurement obtains
Directional diagram, fnm(ξ, η) is antenna radiation pattern Amplitude maxima, and ξ, η are respectively pixel orientation cosine,θ andThe angle for being the far field pixel observed from aerial array under spherical coordinate system
Value；
Step 2-2), according to measuring the obtained beam solid angle of two-dimensional antenna patterns calculating element antenna, calculating formula is：
Wherein, Ω indicates the beam solid angle of element antenna；
Step 2-3), by step 2-1) obtained amplitude normalization treated two-dimensional antenna directional diagram and step 2-2) obtain
The beam solid angle of element antenna calculate normalization two-dimensional antenna directional diagram, calculation formula is：
Wherein, Fn (ξ, η) indicates normalization two-dimensional antenna directional diagram；
Step 2-4), according to the baseline of aerial array arrange, the two-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern corresponding to each baseline is calculatedWherein, subscript k represents k-th of antenna, and subscript j represents j-th of antenna, Fnk(ξ,
η) represent the normalized antenna radiation pattern of k-th of antenna in aerial array；* the conjugation of plural number is represented,Represent day
The conjugate of j-th of antenna normalized radiation pattern in linear array；
Step 2-5), by two-dimensional baseline directional diagram η to carry out discrete integration, obtain one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern, calculate
Formula is：
Wherein N be antenna radiation pattern η to discrete sampling points, Δ s be integrating factor；
Step 2-6), utilize step 2-5) the one-dimensional baseline antenna radiation pattern that is converted to, one-dimensional interference type micro-wave is calculated
Radiometer measurement system response matrix-G matrix Gkj=Δ s1AP′kje-j2πuξ；
Wherein Δ s1For integrating factor, u is the baseline length for being normalized to wavelength；
Step 3), the measuring system response matrix of the one-dimensional interference type micro-wave radiometer obtained using step 2) and systematic survey are simultaneously
Visibility function after calibration carries out image inverting and obtains high-precision bright temperature image.
2. one-dimensional interference type micro-wave Radiometer Image inversion method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
3) further comprise：
Step 3-1), the inverse matrix [G] of G matrix is calculated using generalized inverse matrix, difference regularization algorithm+=f ([G]),
Middle f represents the algorithm that G matrix is inverted；
Step 3-2), the bright temperature of image of inverting is calculated by the inverse matrix of G matrix：Wherein, V indicates system
Visibility function after unified test amount and calibration.
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| CN107037431B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-02-21 | 华中科技大学 | Three-dimensional baseline synthetic aperture imaging method based on array factor synthesis |
| CN107290720B (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | method for detecting moving point target based on passive microwave interference imaging |
| CN107450104A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-08 | 芜湖华创光电科技有限公司 | A kind of quick terahertz imaging detection method in real time of human body concealment article |
| CN112285659B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2024-03-15 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Method for updating bright temperature reconstruction matrix on orbit based on comprehensive aperture radiometer |
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