CN106089554B - A kind of control method of hydroelectric generator - Google Patents
A kind of control method of hydroelectric generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN106089554B CN106089554B CN201610506027.7A CN201610506027A CN106089554B CN 106089554 B CN106089554 B CN 106089554B CN 201610506027 A CN201610506027 A CN 201610506027A CN 106089554 B CN106089554 B CN 106089554B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/005—Starting, also of pump-turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/08—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow
- F03B15/12—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow with retroactive action
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/14—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by or of water level
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/18—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
- F03B3/183—Adjustable vanes, e.g. wicket gates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/10—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for water-driven turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control methods of hydroelectric generator.This method will control and defencive function rolls into one, it can detect the various status datas that turbine-generator units are output and input automatically, by each road link of normal flow sequential control.As long as a small amount of intermediate relay of connecting inner, contactor can be completed to automatically control hydraulic generator operational process.The hydrogenerator set control system formed using this method as core; may be implemented Auto Power On, build pressure automatically, automatic frequency adjustment pressure regulation, automatic presynchronization is grid-connected, automatic adjustment is active and idle function; it can realize orderly closedown and abnormal shutdown, can also realize many protections such as voltage, electric current, frequency and control function.After this system is powered on, system is allowed to enter protection and monitor state immediately, reliably ensures the normal operation of generating set.The present invention can carry out remote digital management using internet.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to generator intelligent numerical control technical field more particularly to a kind of control methods of hydroelectric generator.
Background technology
For traditional old-fashioned generating equipment, current use is mechanical control system.The deficiency of mechanical control system
Place is：
1, high failure rate, the electric current relay of current protection, the voltage relay of voltage protection protect often error
And error, defencive function is few, entirely be pointer instrument, error in reading is big；
2, power factor is all manually to adjust at any time, and manual operation labor intensity is big；
3, for net electricity stop for the accidents such as caused winged ease, lightning stroke, Bearing Temperature, carbon brush (having brush unit) be on fire without
Defencive function；
4, being existed using the semi-automatic generating equipment of microcontroller cannot be unattended, is unable to remote control, cannot remotely supervise
The shortcomings that control.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of control methods of hydroelectric generator.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of control method of hydroelectric generator,
Include the following steps：
(1) there are two types of start-up modes by user when starting, and mobile phone or upper computer software remote-controlled start-up are selected when long-range, people is in machine
Locally initiating key booting may be selected when room；
(2) after system starts, system just carries out initialization parameters detection：1) external voltage whether phase shortage；2) electric
Whether pressure is in normal value；
(3) after all data of network analysis are normal, the work of reservoir area main valve servo motor is first controlled, is sensed by reservoir level
Device, pressure sensor, flow sensor acquisition reservoir level, pressure, the data of flow velocity are sent to PLC, PLC warps through A/D modules
It calculates and reservoir area main valve and control water yield is opened by reservoir area main valve servo motor；
(4) after system opens main valve on demand, water is opened from pipeline flow-direction forebay, forebay equipped with the water level upper limit
It closes and water level limit switch；When water level reaches upper limit water level in forebay, forebay water level upper limit switch is sent out by PLC
Go out the instruction of hydraulic turbine servo motor work, starts hydraulic turbine servo motor；
(5) driving hydraulic turbine rotation after hydraulic turbine servo motor starts, and the angle of guide vanes of water turbine aperture gradually increases,
The hydraulic turbine drives generator rotation, generator amature that can give birth to weak current when rotating simultaneously, and A/D modules acquire in weak current
The frequency of generator, generator frequency consequently also rises when the speed of the hydraulic turbine rises, and when frequency reaches 25HZ, PLC is sent
Excitation instructs, silicon-controlled to turn on after microcontroller receives instruction in excitation driving plate, and isolating transformer is started to work, isolation
The alternating current of transformer secondary output winding obtains DC voltage after 4 rectifies, and DC voltage via line is sent to
The magnet exciting coil of generator amature, magnet exciting coil generate magnetic field rotating when electricity generator stator coil induce alternating voltage；
(6) system carries out net piezoelectric voltage and frequency data acquisition, while also acquiring generator voltage and frequency, then carries out pair
Than；
(7) hydraulic turbine servo motor receives the instruction control of PLC always, if generator frequency is less than net electric frequency, water
Turbine servo motor then increases guide vanes of water turbine angle, and hydraulic turbine servo motor is then by guide vanes of water turbine when being higher than net electric frequency
Angle is reduced, and remains that generator is consistent with net electric frequency and phase sequence；
(8) generator voltage and net piezoelectric voltage are compared, when generator voltage is less than net piezoelectric voltage, PLC is sent out
It instructs and gives excitation driving plate, the microcontroller in excitation driving plate just increases controlled silicon conducting amount, increases excitation voltage；Work as generator
When voltage is higher than net piezoelectric voltage, PLC sends out instruction, and the microcontroller in excitation driving plate then reduces silicon-controlled conduction amount, makes to encourage
Magnetoelectricity pressure drop is low；Grid-connected preceding generator output voltage is as excitation voltage height changes and changes, and system simultaneously will net electricity electricity
Pressure, generator voltage and excitation voltage are compared, when generator frequency phase sequence and voltage and current net electric frequency phase sequence and electricity
When pressing completely the same, PLC sends out grid-connected reclosing command again；Universal circuit breaker closes a floodgate at once after receiving switching signal；
(9) after grid-connected, power adjustment is then carried out, hydraulic turbine servo motor increases guide vanes of water turbine angle, the hydraulic turbine
Generated output power is also rising therewith when guide vane angle increases, and hydraulic turbine servo motor stops when power reaches setting power
Work；There are two types of modes for power to set, and one is artificial setting, another kind is according to reservoir level height by PLC by following
Principle is voluntarily intelligently set, and is not necessarily to human interference：Guide vanes of water turbine aperture increases when reservoir level is high, pressure is big, reservoir level
Low-pressure hour guide vanes of water turbine aperture is reduced, and generated output power remains and the level pressure of reservoir and water level height
It is synchronous, reach rationally apply waterpower resourses in this way；
(10) power factor is manually to be set by the rated power of generator, and the setting value of power factor is by country
0.80 standard is set；
This system is adjusted by setting value, and when power factor is higher than setting value, PLC issues instructions to excitation driving again
Plate, the microcontroller in excitation driving plate just accordingly reduce silicon-controlled conduction amount, excitation voltage are made to reduce；When power factor is less than
When setting value, PLC then sends out instruction, and the microcontroller in excitation driving plate just increases silicon-controlled conduction amount, makes excitation voltage liter
Height remains equal with setting value, and such system is just completed to start overall process；
(11) after the completion of starting overall process, system enters every monitoring and protecting state, the following all data of acquisition at any time：
The electric electric current of net piezoelectric voltage, net, frequency, bearing temperature, generator stator rotor temperature, intensity of lightning, excitation voltage, excitation electricity
Stream；It alarms at once if system when a certain item breaks down and executes shutdown and protected；
(12) under no fault condition, generating set remains generating state；
(13) four kinds of modes are shut down：1) voluntarily emergency protection shuts down failure system；2) mobile phone remote remote-control closedown；3)
The long-range host computer shutdown in internet；4) the machine control flow stop key shuts down；
Shutdown process is：Reservoir area main valve servo motor and the negative direction rotation simultaneously of hydraulic turbine servo motor, reservoir area main valve
Door servo motor closes main valve, and hydraulic turbine servo motor carries out hydraulic turbine deceleration, simultaneously switches off universal circuit breaker, make generator
It is detached from power grid；When shutting down if it is fault alarm, PLC then starts the valve that shuts off of the hydraulic turbine, and rotational speed of water turbine is made quickly to reduce
To the safety value of setting；System waits for the order being again started up after shutdown.
The present invention has following major function：
1, Auto Power On and automatic speed regulating function.After unit detects starting procedure qualification, the hydraulic turbine is automatically adjusted to one
Then constant speed rate carries out the work of next step.
2, automatic open encourages function.When the hydraulic turbine reaches certain rotating speed, system, which sends out to open, encourages instruction, and putting into excitation allows power generation
Machine builds pressure, if generator cannot build pressure, system can execute shutdown programm automatically, close the hydraulic turbine.
3, automatic quasi-synchronization function.System will automatically adjust the water wheels rotating speed (frequency of generator after generator opens and encourages and build pressure
Rate) and voltage, it is allowed to almost the same with the frequency of power grid and voltage, after frequency difference and pressure difference reach requirement, system can be caught automatically
Difference between the two is caught, after difference reaches same period condition, automatic paralleling reclosing command is sent out, generator connecting in parallel with system is made to run.
4, active power function is automatically adjusted.Active adjusting is to automatically adjust water according to active power value set by user
Turbine guide vane opening makes active power stablize in setting value.
5, there is rotating speed to fly ease, current quick-breaking, overcurrent, low pressure, overvoltage, low frequency, overfrequency, water level, loss of excitation, excess temperature, overtemperature
Etc. complete defencive function.
6, water level power up function is pressed：For user's selection by after water level power up function, unit detects that the water level of the frontal pool reaches booting
Highly, and after starting procedure qualification, system automatically opens turbine-generator units, until generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
7, remote parameter set-up function：The present apparatus, which has, utilizes internet remotely controllable host computer, remotely carries out parameter
Modification and setting and switching on and shutting down, can also be carried out to generating set remote control, it can be by each of turbine-generator units with mobile phone
Host computer is passed back in kind operating status real time data, it remotely can be whole by the operations of host computer executive control system and setting
The parameter for determining control system carries out remote control real-time query generating set real time data using Internet technology, carries out long-range
Digital management.
8, intensity of lightning identification and defencive function：In thunderstorm season to prevent broken by lightning generating equipment, general thundercloud with
The direction of wind is by as far as nearly drift, the electric wave that thunder and lightning generates grows from weak to strong, and system acquires lightning data in real time, and intensity of lightning is more than
After some strength, system is shut down with regard to executing halt command in advance, and intensity of lightning reduces system and just executes after thunderstorm
Power-on instruction restarts unit, can achieve the effect that complete lightning protection.
9, this system intelligence aspect feature is：Each item data is voluntarily acquired when system operation voluntarily analyzes voluntarily correction and oneself
Row selection operating instruction is run, and for segment data between one temporarily preserve within every 10 minutes primary, and 30 minutes are 3 times, 3 times
It is summarized for one, PLC sends data to D/A modules after summary, and mould CPU in the block carries out data operation, in analyzing 30 minutes
3 between in section, segment data operation is most normal and rationally between which, just voluntarily one optimum operation of generation after system is voluntarily corrected
Instruction, system just press this instruction operation, real time correction main valve water yield and hydraulic turbine output power, generator are made to obtain most
Good rational kinetic energy, while excitation voltage and exciting current are corrected, make generator effect higher.
10, excitation part applies singlechip technology, and cooperation software formation sawtooth wave is silicon-controlled to trigger, and PLC is according to reality
When data control silicon-controlled angle of flow, generator frequency reaches the automatic excitations of 25HZ and builds pressure when startup, after grid-connected success
Keep the power factor of generator more stable, excitation is generator key link, and excitation quality has prodigious shadow to generator effect
It rings, in addition this system, which uses isolating transformer and plays, preferably protects and improve jamproof ability.
11, this system has rotating speed to fly ease protection, and the generating set of high water level, when netting electric instantaneous power failure, the hydraulic turbine loses negative
It carries, generator just loses the constraint of net electric frequency, and at this moment rotating speed rises rapidly generator frequency and consequently also rises, the CPU acquisitions of A/D
It is more than that normal frequency 50HZ, PLC execute shutdown at once to frequency, disconnects universal circuit breaker, making generator, calcaneus rete electricity is detached from quickly,
Hydraulic turbine shutoff valve is opened simultaneously, accelerates to reduce rotational speed of water turbine.
12, this system is mounted with temperature sensor in the hydraulic turbine and dynamo bearing position, monitors in real time per bearing and hair
The temperature of rotor stator coil, temperature are more than that upper limit valve system is protected with regard to horse back shutdown, system when starting for the second time
It suggests that you there is a problem at that position, if prompt is bearing damage, bearing replacing, failure will not be arranged manually
It removes, system refusal executes restarting and is switched on again after bearing replacing troubleshooting in order to avoid damaging mechanical equipment again, system
It can normal operation.
13, this system has water-saving function, uses pressure sensor and flow sensor carries out data acquisition, through PLC numbers
According to operational analysis, the electric energy how many water just sends out power how many rationally drips using each, reaches water-saving purpose, before having pressure
The power station in pond can increase water-saving function in order to water-saving, and system just increases guide vanes of water turbine angle when water level is high, the hydraulic turbine
Power also increases generator electrical power simultaneously and also rises, and system just turns down guide vanes of water turbine angle when water level is low, hydraulic turbine work(
Rate also just reduces generator electrical power simultaneously and also declines, and generator power just rises when water level is high, generator power when water level is low
Just decline, remains that how many water generates the principle of how many electricity.
14, this system can integrate with power supply department charge system.
15, this system band remote monitoring function, the video situation in computer room can be observed with mobile phone and computer whenever and wherever possible.This
System has remote control function, can digital remote management on computers.
16, this system main valve servo motor and water turbine governing servo motor power supply use 24V accumulators, PLC and touch
It is also to be provided with accumulator to touch itself all electricity consumption of screen, is preferably shielded in this way, and anti-interference ability is stronger, is switched in this way
Main valve servo motor and water turbine governing servo motor are not influenced by net electricity, generator voltage when shutdown, and supply voltage is lower
Electronic components service life is longer, and failure rate is lower.
17, this system can analyze whether carbon brush is fine or not, and carbon brush abrasion is rear with regard to producing to a certain extent to brushing hair motor
Raw sparking, active reactive power is with regard to out of control, and at this moment system executes shutdown with regard to horse back and protected.
18, this system voltage, electric current, have power, inactivity, general power, total electric degree (kilowatt/hour), frequency, power because
All readings such as number all show that the accuracy of reading high life is long in one piece of touch screen, completely the machinery instrument of substitution pointer-type.
19, there are two types of internet remote data communication modes, one, broadband cabled ethernet communication；Two, 4G cell phone SIM card
Flow carries out coupling communication with this system.
If after 20, system of the invention executes when shutting down, just automatic one content of hair is " generating set has been shut down "
User is reminded in prompt message to user mobile phone, is broken down if it is generating set machinery, such as the axle is worn, just hair one
Content is the information reminding user of " bearing damage is please replaced in time ".The present invention has a special advantage, once mechanically and electrically device
When occurring badly damaged, the telephone system that failed subs criber does not exclude is that second of startup is not allowed to generate electricity.
21, Starting mode, the machine one-key start, mobile phone remote remote control start and shut down, the real-time pipe of computer remote digitlization
Reason.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Control and defencive function are rolled into one, it can detect the various states that turbine-generator units are output and input automatically
Data, by each road link of normal flow sequential control.As long as a small amount of intermediate relay of connecting inner, contactor can be completed
The implementation of hydraulic generator operational process is automatically controlled.The turbine-generator units control system formed using this system as core
System, may be implemented Auto Power On, build pressure automatically, automatic frequency adjustment pressure regulation, automatic presynchronization is grid-connected, automatic adjustment is active and idle
Function can realize orderly closedown and abnormal shutdown, can also realize many protections such as voltage, electric current, frequency and control function.This
After system energization work, system is allowed to enter protection and monitor state immediately, reliably ensures the normal operation of generating set.This control
System processed can be long-range using internet progress remote monitoring, remote operation, remote parameter modification and setting.
Description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the Control system architecture block diagram of the control method embodiment of hydroelectric generator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the start-up phase work flow diagram of the control method embodiment of hydroelectric generator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the operation phase work flow diagram of the control method embodiment of hydroelectric generator of the present invention.
In Fig. 2,3, original program is defined as follows table：
Specific implementation mode
Fig. 1 is a kind of control system of intelligent numerical control hydroelectric generator.The control system is mainly used for as single-machine capacity
The core control part of the turbine-generator units control flow (cabinet) of 1200KW or less 400V low pressure, to realize the automatic of generating set
Change operation and long-distance real-time management.
Hydroelectric generator control system is combined by hardware and software to be formed, and hardware is by reservoir level sensor, pressure
Sensor, forebay water level sensor, reservoir area main valve servo motor, water turbine governing servo motor, is cut flow sensor
Valve servo motor, PLC (programmable logic controller (PLC)), internet terminal server, mobile phone remote terminal server, excitation is flowed to drive
Movable plate, D/A modules, A/D modules, touch screen, universal circuit breaker composition.
In Fig. 1, reservoir level sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor, forebay water level sensor lead to respectively
A/D modules are crossed to connect with PLC；
Reservoir area main valve servo motor, water turbine governing servo motor, shutoff valve servo motor are connect with PLC.Wherein library
Area's main valve servo motor is used to control the water yield of reservoir area main valve, and water turbine governing servo motor is by controlling the hydraulic turbine
Guide vane controls the speed of the hydraulic turbine, and shutoff valve servo motor is used to control the opening and closing of shutoff valve.
PLC is connect with internet terminal server, mobile phone remote terminal server respectively by network.
PLC is connect by D/A modules with excitation driving plate, and excitation driving plate is connected to the magnet exciting coil of generator.
Touch screen is connect with PLC；
In addition PLC passes sequentially through 24V DC relays device and 220V intermediate relays are connected to universal circuit breaker, and PLC can
To be used to control the break-make of parallel network circuit by universal circuit breaker.
The present embodiment is designed with PLC functions, and 24,3 tunnel of band analog input is used as three current transformer data and acquires,
It is accurately controlled in real time after A/D and D/A conversions, all the way high precision analog output (being used as excitation voltage to regulate and control), 16 relays
Device output control.
Software section is by configuration upper computer software (touch screen software for editing), PLC softwares (ladder diagram), controlling remote
Software is divided to two kinds, when what mobile phone version (easy Android) was write, second is that computerized version (VB) is write, D/A and A/D module softwares use
Single Chip C Language is write, equipped with human-computer interaction interface powerful, that design is friendly.This system equips 1 high-resolution sincereness
Color touch screen, as human-computer interaction interface, the full-localized operation of human-computer interaction interface.The interface is shown with parameters and parameter
Function, the log of energy persistence system are set.
As shown in Figure 2,3, the course of work of intelligent numerical control hydroelectric generator control system is as follows：
(1) two kinds of start-up modes of user when starting select mobile phone or computer host computer remote-controlled start-up when long-range, people is in computer room
When the booting of locally initiating key may be selected；
(2) after system starts, system just carries out initialization parameters detection：1) external voltage whether phase shortage；2) electric
Whether pressure is 380V in normal value, such as normal value；
(3) after all data of network analysis are normal, the work of reservoir area main valve servo motor is first controlled, water yield is according to water
Reservoir level, pressure, flow velocity are sent to after PLC analyses calculate through A/D modules acquiring datas and how many water yields, valve are needed to need
Turn how much to enclose, reservoir level get over high pressure it is big when, the number of turns is just few, and for pressure with regard to small, the number of turns is just more when reservoir level is low, system reality
When control water yield；
(4) after system opens main valve on demand, water is mounted with two water from pipeline flow-direction forebay, forebay
Bit switch, one is water level upper limit switch, the other is water level limit switch；Water level switch just connects after water level reaches the upper limit
Logical, after at this moment PLC receives signal, PLC sends out the instruction for opening the work of hydraulic turbine servo motor, at this moment hydraulic turbine servo motor
Start to rotate；
(5) angle of guide vanes of water turbine aperture slowly increases after hydraulic turbine servo motor starts rotation, and the hydraulic turbine is also begun to
Rotation, rotational speed of water turbine are accelerated as guide vane angle increases, and at this moment generator also follows hydraulic turbine rotation, generator to turn simultaneously
Weak current can be given birth to when son rotation, A/D modules acquire the frequency of generator in weak current, and the speed of the hydraulic turbine is sent out when rising
Electric machine frequency consequently also rises, and when frequency reaches 25HZ, PLC sends excitation instruction, and microcontroller receives in excitation driving plate
Silicon-controlled to turn on after instruction, isolating transformer is started to work, and the alternating current of isolating transformer secondary windings is through 4 rectifications two
DC voltage is obtained after pole pipe rectification, DC voltage via line sends the magnet exciting coil of generator amature to, and magnet exciting coil just produces
Magnetisation field, electricity generator stator coil induces alternating voltage when magnetic field rotating；
(6) at this moment system carries out volume of data acquisition, acquires net piezoelectric voltage and frequency, while also acquiring generator voltage
And frequency, then compared；
(7) hydraulic turbine servo motor receives instruction control always, if generator frequency is less than net electric frequency, the hydraulic turbine is watched
It takes motor again to increase guide vanes of water turbine angle, hydraulic turbine servo motor again subtracts guide vanes of water turbine angle when higher than net electric frequency
It is few, remain that generator is consistent with net electric frequency and phase sequence；
(8) in addition it is that generator voltage and net piezoelectric voltage are compared, when generator voltage is less than net piezoelectric voltage, PLC hairs
Go out instruction to the microcontroller in excitation driving, microcontroller just increases controlled silicon conducting amount, increases excitation voltage, works as generator voltage
When higher than net piezoelectric voltage, PLC issues instructions to the microcontroller in excitation driving again, and microcontroller just reduces silicon-controlled conduction amount,
Excitation voltage is set to reduce, grid-connected preceding generator output voltage is as excitation voltage height changes and changes, and system is carried out at the same time
This two comparisons, when generator frequency phase sequence and voltage and current net electric frequency phase sequence and completely the same voltage, PLC is sent out again
Grid-connected reclosing command；Universal circuit breaker closes a floodgate at once after receiving switching signal；
(9) after closing a floodgate after grid-connected success, at this moment in the electrical energy transportation to national grid of generator；At this moment system is shut off
Voltage and frequency comparison function；
(10) power adjustment is then carried out, hydraulic turbine servo motor again increases guide vanes of water turbine angle, guide vanes of water turbine
Generated output power is also rising therewith when angle increases, and hydraulic turbine servo motor stops work when power reaches setting power
Make；There are two types of modes for power to set, and one is artificial settings, and another kind is by PLC according to reservoir level height reasonable distribution
Voluntarily intelligence setting afterwards, is not necessarily to human interference；Guide vanes of water turbine aperture increases when water level is high, pressure is big, water level low-pressure hour
Guide vanes of water turbine aperture is reduced, and generated output power remains that level pressure is synchronous with water level height, and it is reasonable to reach in this way
Using waterpower resourses；
(11) power factor is manually set by the rated power of generator, another power factor generally presses country
0.80 standard is set；This system is adjusted by setting value, and when power factor is higher than setting value, PLC sends out instruction again
To the microcontroller in excitation driving, microcontroller just reduces silicon-controlled conduction amount, excitation voltage is made to reduce, when power factor is less than
When setting value, PLC issues instructions to the microcontroller in excitation driving again, and microcontroller just increases silicon-controlled conduction amount, makes excitation
Voltage increases, and remains equal with setting value, and such system is just completed to start overall process；
(12) after the completion of starting overall process, system enters every monitoring and protecting state, acquires all data, net electricity at any time
The electric electric current of voltage, net, frequency, bearing temperature, generator stator rotor temperature, intensity of lightning, excitation voltage, exciting current etc.；
It alarms at once if system when a certain item breaks down and executes shutdown and protected；
(13) in the case of no failure, generating set remains generating state；
It is shut down (shutdown) using 4 kinds of modes：
1) voluntarily emergency protection shuts down failure system：
2) mobile phone remote remote-control closedown；
3) the long-range host computer shutdown in internet；
4) the machine control flow stop key shuts down；
Shutdown process is：Reservoir area main valve servo motor and the negative direction rotation simultaneously of hydraulic turbine servo motor, reservoir area main valve
Door servo motor closes main valve, and hydraulic turbine servo motor carries out hydraulic turbine deceleration, simultaneously switches off universal circuit breaker, make generator
It is detached from power grid；When shutting down if it is fault alarm, PLC just starts the valve that shuts off of the hydraulic turbine, and rotational speed of water turbine is made quickly to reduce
To the safety value of setting；System waits for the order being again started up after shutdown.
The present embodiment has following major function：
1, Auto Power On and automatic speed regulating function.After unit detects starting procedure qualification, the hydraulic turbine is automatically adjusted to one
Then constant speed rate carries out the work of next step.
2, automatic open encourages function.When the hydraulic turbine reaches certain rotating speed, system, which sends out to open, encourages instruction, and putting into excitation allows power generation
Machine builds pressure, if generator cannot build pressure, system can execute shutdown programm automatically, close the hydraulic turbine.
3, automatic quasi-synchronization function.System will automatically adjust the water wheels rotating speed (frequency of generator after generator opens and encourages and build pressure
Rate) and voltage, it is allowed to almost the same with the frequency of power grid and voltage, after frequency difference and pressure difference reach requirement, system can be caught automatically
Difference between the two is caught, after difference reaches same period condition, automatic paralleling reclosing command is sent out, generator connecting in parallel with system is made to run.
4, active power function is automatically adjusted.Active adjusting is to automatically adjust water according to active power value set by user
Turbine guide vane opening makes active power stablize in setting value.
5, reactive power function is automatically adjusted.Idle adjusting is according to power factor value set by user, and system is automatic
Excitation is adjusted, power factor is made to be maintained at setting value operation.
6, there is rotating speed to fly ease, current quick-breaking, overcurrent, low pressure, overvoltage, low frequency, overfrequency, water level, loss of excitation, excess temperature, overtemperature
Etc. complete defencive function.
7, automatic shutdown functions：When system receives the host computer of stop key or remote control and smart mobile phone is sent out
When halt instruction or the water level of the frontal pool reach lower limit, system will automatically adjust generated power to minimum, while by idle adjustment
It is good, separating brake instruction is then sent out, and hydraulic turbine aperture is closed to lower limit.
8, water level power up function is pressed：For user's selection by after water level power up function, unit detects that the water level of the frontal pool reaches booting
Highly, and after starting procedure qualification, system automatically opens turbine-generator units, until generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
9, remote parameter set-up function：The present apparatus, which has, utilizes internet remotely controllable host computer, remotely carries out parameter
Modification and setting and switching on and shutting down, can also be carried out to generating set remote control, it can be by each of turbine-generator units with mobile phone
Host computer is passed back in kind operating status real time data, it remotely can be whole by the operations of host computer executive control system and setting
The parameter for determining control system carries out remote control real-time query generating set real time data using Internet technology, carries out long-range
Digital management.
10, intensity of lightning identification and defencive function：In thunderstorm season to prevent broken by lightning generating equipment, general thundercloud with
The direction of wind is by as far as nearly drift, the electric wave that thunder and lightning generates grows from weak to strong, and system acquires lightning data in real time, and intensity of lightning is more than
After some strength, system is shut down with regard to executing halt command in advance, and intensity of lightning reduces system and just executes after thunderstorm
Power-on instruction restarts unit, can achieve the effect that complete lightning protection.
11, this system intelligence aspect feature is：Voluntarily acquired when system operation each item data voluntarily analyze voluntarily correct and
Voluntarily selection operating instruction is run, and for segment data between one temporarily preserve within every 10 minutes primary, is within 30 minutes 3 times, and 3
Secondary is a summary, and PLC sends data to D/A modules after summary, and mould CPU in the block carries out data operation, analyzes 30 minutes
In 3 between in section, segment data operation is most normal and rationally between which, just voluntarily one most good speed of generation after system is voluntarily corrected
Row instruction, system just press this instruction operation, real time correction main valve water yield and hydraulic turbine output power, generator are made to obtain
Best rational kinetic energy, while excitation voltage and exciting current are corrected, make generator effect higher.
12, excitation part applies singlechip technology, and cooperation software formation sawtooth wave is silicon-controlled to trigger, and PLC is according to reality
When data control silicon-controlled angle of flow, generator frequency reaches the automatic excitations of 25HZ and builds pressure when startup, after grid-connected success
Keep the power factor of generator more stable, excitation is generator key link, and excitation quality has prodigious shadow to generator effect
It rings, in addition this system, which uses isolating transformer and plays, preferably protects and improve jamproof ability.
13, this system has rotating speed to fly ease protection, and the generating set of high water level, when netting electric instantaneous power failure, the hydraulic turbine loses negative
It carries, generator just loses the constraint of net electric frequency, and at this moment rotating speed rises rapidly generator frequency and consequently also rises, the CPU acquisitions of A/D
It is more than that normal frequency 50HZ, PLC execute shutdown at once to frequency, disconnects universal circuit breaker, making generator, calcaneus rete electricity is detached from quickly,
Hydraulic turbine shutoff valve is opened simultaneously, accelerates to reduce rotational speed of water turbine.
14, this system is mounted with temperature sensor in the hydraulic turbine and dynamo bearing position, monitors in real time per bearing and hair
The temperature of rotor stator coil, temperature are more than that upper limit valve system is protected with regard to horse back shutdown, system when starting for the second time
It suggests that you there is a problem at that position, if prompt is bearing damage, bearing replacing, failure will not be arranged manually
It removes, system refusal executes restarting and is switched on again after bearing replacing troubleshooting in order to avoid damaging mechanical equipment again, system
It can normal operation.
15, this system has water-saving function, uses pressure sensor and flow sensor carries out data acquisition, through PLC numbers
According to operational analysis, the electric energy how many water just sends out power how many rationally drips using each, reaches water-saving purpose, before having pressure
The power station in pond can increase water-saving function in order to water-saving, and system just increases guide vanes of water turbine angle when water level is high, the hydraulic turbine
Power also increases generator electrical power simultaneously and also rises, and system just turns down guide vanes of water turbine angle when water level is low, hydraulic turbine work(
Rate also just reduces generator electrical power simultaneously and also declines, and generator power just rises when water level is high, generator power when water level is low
Just decline, remains that how many water generates the principle of how many electricity.
16, this system can integrate with power supply department charge system.
17, this system band remote monitoring function, the video situation in computer room can be observed with mobile phone and computer whenever and wherever possible.This
System has remote control function, can digital remote management on computers.
18, this system main valve servo motor and water turbine governing servo motor power supply use 24V accumulators, PLC and touch
It is also to be provided with accumulator to touch itself all electricity consumption of screen, is preferably shielded in this way, and anti-interference ability is stronger, is switched in this way
Main valve servo motor and water turbine governing servo motor are not influenced by net electricity, generator voltage when shutdown, and supply voltage is lower
Electronic components service life is longer, and failure rate is lower.
19, this system can analyze whether carbon brush is fine or not, and carbon brush abrasion is rear with regard to producing to a certain extent to brushing hair motor
Raw sparking, active reactive power is with regard to out of control, and at this moment system executes shutdown with regard to horse back and protected.
20, this system voltage, electric current, have power, inactivity, general power, total electric degree (kilowatt/hour), frequency, power because
All readings such as number all show that the accuracy of reading high life is long in one piece of touch screen, completely the machinery instrument of substitution pointer-type.
21, there are two types of internet remote data communication modes, 1) broadband cabled ethernet communication；2) 4G cell phone SIM card stream
It measures to carry out coupling communication with this system.
If after 22, system executes when shutting down, just automatic one content of hair is the prompt letter of " generating set has been shut down "
It ceases and reminds user on user mobile phone, break down if it is generating set machinery, such as the axle is worn, just send out a content
For the information reminding user of " bearing damage is please replaced in time ".The present invention has a special advantage, once mechanically and electrically device occurs sternly
When damaging again, the telephone system that failed subs criber does not exclude is that second of startup is not allowed to generate electricity.
23, Starting mode, the machine one-key start, mobile phone remote remote control start and shut down, the real-time pipe of computer remote digitlization
Reason.
The power station intelligent comprehensive control system of the present embodiment is managed using current state-of-the-art electronic component and control
By being specific to a Highgrade integration, digitlization, increasingly automated, the high number of degrees of the research and development of Medium and Small Hydraulic Generator group
Control intelligentized complex control system.This control system has coordinated the software voluntarily researched and developed using current advanced Numeric Control Technology
Control panel is handled with independently developed PLC, A/D, D/A modulus and modulus gathered data.Control panel uses modern most significant end
32 one chip microcomputers reach numerically controlled intelligentization control, can automatically and efficiently control the operation of generator and the hydraulic turbine.The product
It is reasonable for structure, operation is intuitive simple, strong antijamming capability, defencive function are complete, stable and reliable operation, without human intervention, machine
Room reaches unattended, remote control function, and practicable remote digital management substantially increases safety coefficient, saved people
Power resource.
The embodiments of the present invention described above are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is any in the present invention
Spirit and principle within made by modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc., should be included in the claim protection model of the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of control method of hydroelectric generator, includes the following steps：
(1) there are two types of start-up modes by user when starting, and mobile phone or upper computer software remote-controlled start-up are selected when long-range, people is in computer room
Locally initiating key booting may be selected；
(2) after system starts, system just carries out initialization parameters detection：1) external voltage whether phase shortage；2) voltage is
It is no in normal value；
(3) after all data of network analysis are normal, first control reservoir area main valve servo motor work, by reservoir level sensor,
Pressure sensor, flow sensor acquisition reservoir level, pressure, the data of flow velocity are sent to PLC through A/D modules, and PLC is computed
Reservoir area main valve and control water yield are opened by reservoir area main valve servo motor；
(4) after system opens main valve on demand, water from pipeline flow-direction forebay, forebay equipped with water level upper limit switch and
Water level limit switch；When water level reaches upper limit water level in forebay, forebay water level upper limit switch sends out water by PLC
The instruction of turbine servo motor work, starts hydraulic turbine servo motor；
(5) driving hydraulic turbine rotation after hydraulic turbine servo motor starts, and the angle of guide vanes of water turbine aperture gradually increases, simultaneously
The hydraulic turbine drives generator rotation, generator amature that can give birth to weak current when rotating, and A/D modules acquire power generation in weak current
The frequency of machine, generator frequency consequently also rises when the speed of the hydraulic turbine rises, and when frequency reaches 25HZ, PLC sends excitation
It instructs, silicon-controlled to turn on after microcontroller receives instruction in excitation driving plate, isolating transformer is started to work, and transformation is isolated
The alternating current of device secondary windings obtains DC voltage after 4 rectifies, and DC voltage via line sends power generation to
The magnet exciting coil of machine rotor, magnet exciting coil generate magnetic field rotating when electricity generator stator coil induce alternating voltage；
(6) system carries out net piezoelectric voltage and frequency data acquisition, while also acquiring generator voltage and frequency, then is compared；
(7) hydraulic turbine servo motor receives the instruction control of PLC always, if generator frequency is less than net electric frequency, the hydraulic turbine
Servo motor then increases guide vanes of water turbine angle, and hydraulic turbine servo motor is then by guide vanes of water turbine angle when being higher than net electric frequency
It reduces, remains that generator is consistent with net electric frequency and phase sequence；
(8) generator voltage and net piezoelectric voltage are compared, when generator voltage is less than net piezoelectric voltage, PLC sends out instruction
Excitation driving plate is given, the microcontroller in excitation driving plate just increases controlled silicon conducting amount, increases excitation voltage；Work as generator voltage
When higher than net piezoelectric voltage, PLC sends out instruction, and the microcontroller in excitation driving plate then reduces silicon-controlled conduction amount, keeps excitation electric
Pressure drop is low；Grid-connected preceding generator output voltage is as excitation voltage height changes and changes, and system is simultaneously by net piezoelectric voltage, hair
Electric moter voltage and excitation voltage are compared, when generator frequency phase sequence and voltage and current net electric frequency phase sequence and voltage are complete
When consistent, PLC sends out grid-connected reclosing command again；Universal circuit breaker closes a floodgate at once after receiving switching signal；
(9) after grid-connected, power adjustment is then carried out, hydraulic turbine servo motor increases guide vanes of water turbine angle, guide vanes of water turbine
Generated output power is also rising therewith when angle increases, and hydraulic turbine servo motor stops work when power reaches setting power
Make；There are two types of modes for power to set, and one is artificial setting, another kind is according to reservoir level height by PLC by following original
Then voluntarily intelligence setting, is not necessarily to human interference：Guide vanes of water turbine aperture increases when reservoir level is high, pressure is big, and reservoir level is low
Pressure hour guide vanes of water turbine aperture is reduced, and generated output power remains same with the level pressure of reservoir and water level height
Step reaches rationally apply waterpower resourses in this way；
(10) power factor is manually to be set by the rated power of generator, and the setting value of power factor is by country 0.80
Standard is set；
This system is adjusted by setting value, and when power factor is higher than setting value, PLC issues instructions to excitation driving plate again,
Microcontroller in excitation driving plate just accordingly reduces silicon-controlled conduction amount, and excitation voltage is made to reduce；It is set when power factor is less than
When definite value, PLC then sends out instruction, and the microcontroller in excitation driving plate just increases silicon-controlled conduction amount, and excitation voltage is made to increase,
Remain equal with setting value, such system is just completed to start overall process；
(11) after the completion of starting overall process, system enters every monitoring and protecting state, the following all data of acquisition at any time：Net electricity
The electric electric current of voltage, net, frequency, bearing temperature, generator stator rotor temperature, intensity of lightning, excitation voltage, exciting current；Such as
System is protected with regard to alarming and executing shutdown at once when a certain item of fruit breaks down；
(12) under no fault condition, generating set remains generating state；
(13) four kinds of modes are shut down：1) voluntarily emergency protection shuts down failure system；2) mobile phone remote remote-control closedown；3) it interconnects
Net long-range host computer shutdown；4) the machine control flow stop key shuts down；
Shutdown process is：Negative direction rotation, reservoir area main valve are watched simultaneously for reservoir area main valve servo motor and hydraulic turbine servo motor
It takes motor and closes main valve, hydraulic turbine servo motor carries out hydraulic turbine deceleration, simultaneously switches off universal circuit breaker, generator is made to be detached from
Power grid；When shutting down if it is fault alarm, PLC then starts the valve that shuts off of the hydraulic turbine, so that rotational speed of water turbine is quickly reduced to and sets
Fixed safety value；System waits for the order being again started up after shutdown.
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| CN106681184A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-17 | 郑州众智科技股份有限公司 | Generator set control method |
| CN106837678B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-25 | 大连大学 | Based on the turbine-generator units PID governor parameters optimization for improving TLBO algorithms |
| CN107069963B (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-11-05 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司小湾水电厂 | A kind of unattended hydropower plant intelligence prison disk method and system |
| CN107989741B (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-07-19 | 国家电网公司 | The pump-storage generator phase modulation that draws water turns the control method and device of pumping operation mode |
| CN107941203A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 张建洲 | A kind of intellectual faculties and method |
| CN107965414A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-04-27 | 宁波高新区若水智创科技有限公司 | The power generator and method that a kind of water can reuse |
| CN108111071A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 湖南利能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor |
| CN108429238B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-07-26 | 苏州晟贝科动力科技有限公司 | A kind of over-voltage protection method of robot servo motors |
| CN108979946A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-11 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | A kind of electric control system of marine tidal-current energy unit and marine tidal-current energy unit including it |
| CN109139350B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2024-01-26 | 东方电气自动控制工程有限公司 | Overspeed protection and flow control device for pumped storage power station |
| CN111237116B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-04-09 | 河海大学 | Nonlinear non-salient pole hydraulic generator water gate and excitation combined adjusting method and system |
| CN111555350B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2023-07-28 | 广东电网有限责任公司韶关供电局 | Multi-gear water diversion control method and system for small hydropower station |
| CN112214043A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-12 | 武汉欧立德电气有限公司 | Remote water level control system of hydropower station based on Internet of things |
| CN113364034B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-08-19 | 重庆普什新能源技术有限公司 | Automatic control method and device for gas generator set |
| CN116184840B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-07-07 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Micro-supercharging self-adaptive adjusting method, system and storage medium for hydraulic generator |
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