CN108111071A - A kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor - Google Patents
A kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108111071A CN108111071A CN201711463971.XA CN201711463971A CN108111071A CN 108111071 A CN108111071 A CN 108111071A CN 201711463971 A CN201711463971 A CN 201711463971A CN 108111071 A CN108111071 A CN 108111071A
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/004—Valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/18—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/10—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for water-driven turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor, Hydropower Unit complex control system, including (1) hydraulic turbine system, (2) generator system and (3) peripheral sensor；Hydraulic turbine system includes：The hydraulic turbine, guide vane speed adjusting gear and brake gear；Generator system includes：BDFM, BDFM controller and the sensor device of internal system (including velocity sensor, voltage, current sensor etc.)；Peripheral sensor is used to check external parameter；BDFM controllers are implemented to control based on the integrated control method to Hydropower Unit.The Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor are easy to implement, Hydropower Unit can be controlled to be operated in optimal operating condition point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Hydropower Unit complex control systems and method based on brushless dual-feed motor.
Background technology
At present, hydroelectric field, conventional scheme are using synchronous generator, during unit normal operation, in order to maintain
The stabilization of output voltage frequency, the rotating speed of generator can not change, and work as once the operating condition of unit is so resulted in deviate
During the optimum operating condition just designed (such as working head, flow or load change), unit is easy for deviateing optimal operating condition point
Operation, so as to cause the waste of certain water resource.In order to solve the problem above-mentioned, many medium-and-large-sized generating sets are using change
Propeller type water turbine when the operating condition of unit changes, ensures that the hydraulic turbine works by adjusting the pitch of the hydraulic turbine
In high efficient area, but variable-propeller-pitch water turbine needs to increase oil gear and regulating device, and investment, maintenance cost have certain
Increase, be limited to the volume of the hydraulic turbine in addition, the hydraulic turbine of usual microminiature should not make the structure of feather.Double feedback electric engine
After (including brush double-fed and brushless double feed) generation technology puts it over, correlation technique is introduced to hydroelectric generation and led by someone
Domain, it is achieved thereby that the hydroelectric generation of variable speed constant frequency, when this technology is used alone, can improve under Hydropower Unit variable working condition
Efficiency, and the power quality of output is can effectively improve, meanwhile, this technology also can be with other effective utilization measures (such as variable pitch skill
Art) synthesis use, so as to the efficiency of promotion unit by a larger margin.It is few in number from the point of view of the patent announced at present
Patent elaborate application of the brushless double feed generation technology in hydroelectric field, but simply discuss brushless double feed generator
The composition of governing system and the principle of speed change, method (how realizing speed change), do not discuss the composition of entire electricity generation system,
Also without discuss brushless double feed electricity generation system speed change principle (speed change in what situations, speed become higher or are lower, becomes higher
Or how much be properly lower).
There are many patent on brushless double feed power generation control, are wind-force from main application fields from the point of view of the quantity of patent
Power generation, ship shaft generator, less in the application of hydroelectric field, through retrieval, discovery two is more close and representative
Patent, one：A kind of control device for hydroelectric vscf generator, application number：201120387798.1
Authorization Notice No.：CN 202261153 U；Secondly：Variable speed constant frequency generator control device and power generation side based on brushless dual-feed motor
Method, application number：201410292442.8 application publication number：CN 104052356 A.
Patent 1：201120387798.1.The patent system is as shown below：1st, the hydraulic turbine, 2, brushless asynchronous generator
(patent include brushless double feed and have brush double-fed), 3,4,5,6,7,10 device contents in order to control, 8, photoelectric encoder (is used for detecting
The rotating speed of generator), 9, the microcomputer governor guide vane opening of the hydraulic turbine (be used for adjust), 11, guide vane (guide vanes of water turbine, water wheels
A part for machine device).
The patent describes fairly simple, and emphasis describes the composition and operation principle substantially of system.What system was formed retouches
It is with reference to upper figure to state, and contact each between the systems is explained and illustrate one by one by the equipment that specific number represents.Work is former
Emphasis describes the realization principle (brushless double feed is similar with the principle for having brush double-fed) of " variable speed constant frequency " of brush double-fed in terms of reason,
There is the rotor windings frequency of brush double-fed by adjusting, on the one hand ensure the stabilization of stator winding output electric energy frequency, on the other hand
The rotating speed of generator can be changed, so as to fulfill frequency conversion constant frequency generation.The device and the emphasis of description that the patent is related to all be
The control of generator, guide vanes of water turbine control slightly describe, and are exactly when detection generator speed is excessively high, are made by adjusting guide vane
For generator operation within rated speed scope, the device that patent is related to is not for entire electricity generation system (electricity generation system bag
Include generator, the hydraulic turbine, priming device etc.) detect and control, therefore also without illustrating the composition of whole system and worked
Journey.In addition, the patent although elaborate how speed governing, but be not set out system speed-variable principle (speed change in what situations, speed
Degree becomes higher or is lower, and it is how many suitable to become higher or be lower).
Patent 2：201410292442.8, system composition it is as shown below, the substantially composition and operation principle of system and specially
Substantially almost, article emphasis elaborates electricity-generating control method to profit 1, i.e., system be by the way which signal detected, then by why
The algorithm process of sample, so as to reach the purpose of control double-fed generator rotating speed.How the content that the document illustrates " is being sent out double-fed
This aspect patent similar with other of electric machine speed regulation " and the related content of this patent are all similar.It, should as patent 1
Patent is directed to double-fed generator, and the device of design is also generator control unit rather than for entire electricity generation system, together
Sample is also without illustrating that (framework of system does not detect the device of operating mode variation to the principle of system speed-variable, without judging that operating mode becomes yet
Change the apparatus and method for how adjusting rotating speed, so it does not possess such ability).
BDFM：Brushless dual-feed motor (Brushless Double Fed Machine).
Conventional hydraulic power generation has been discussed above using synchronous generator, rotating speed is non-adjustable during due to normal operation, so
When operating condition changes, unit easily deviates optimal operating condition point operation, and secondly power quality is also easily subject to generator to turn
The influence of speed.Doubly-fed generation technology (either brushless double feed still has brush double-fed) is introduced into hydroelectric field, works as hydroelectric machine
Group operating condition is when changing, by the rotating speed for changing generator be not only able to improve Hydropower Unit generating efficiency and
Improve power quality.The existing related patents in the country describe the power generator of double feedback electric engine and relevant control technology, from search
From the point of view of patent, most patent application field concentrates on wind-power electricity generation, and it is to apply to send out in waterpower to search a patent only
(the patent 1 of electrical domain：201120387798.1) the defects of, also elaborating related close patent above, it is as follows.
First, these patent specifications composition of double-fed generator control system and control method of variable speed constant frequency, still
The control both for double-fed generator of description, the content of elaboration are also only how to control the speed change of double-fed generator, this
The angle that a little patents lack from entire electricity generation system comes designing scheme and control method, the scheme mentioned in these patents and control
Method processed can not combine diversion system, water turbine equipment, and rotor machine coordinates control.
Secondly as first reason, the scheme of these Patent designs is limited to be subject to system composition, does not detect the external world
The device of operating mode variation and how the control method of speed change, these patents are not involved with the original of double-fed wind generator speed change
Then (speed change in what situations, speed become higher or are lower, and it is how many suitable to become higher or be lower).
Therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of Hydropower Unit Comprehensive Control based on brushless dual-feed motor
System and method, the Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor are easy to implement, and operational efficiency
It is high.
The technical solution of invention is as follows：
A kind of integrated control method of the Hydropower Unit based on brushless dual-feed motor, including (1) start control, (2)
Operation control and (3) shutdown control；
(1) start control includes：
(11) start control manually；
(12) Auto Power On controls；
(2) operation control is the control based on optimal operating condition point track algorithm；
(3) shutdown control includes：
(31) manual/auto shutdown control；
(32) failure is shut down.Shutdown process is existing mature technology.
Start controls the process to be manually：
Step 11-1：Hand inspection is fixed a breakdown；
Step 11-2 judges whether System self-test is normal (be ready for waiting and whether light), if then entering in next step,
Otherwise return to step 11-1；
Step 11-3, (passing through touch-screen or button etc.) sets grid-connected rotating speed, and sends power-on instruction and (pass through
Touch-screen or button are realized)；
Step 11-4：Start governor and open guide vane；
Step 11-5：Judge whether guide vane opening reaches predetermined value or rotating speed reaches predetermined value, be then into next
Step, otherwise back to step 11-4；
To the explanation of step 11-5：Rotating speed is set in a program, is typically greater than or equal to synchronous rotational speed, such as
The grid-connected rotating speed that fruit 11-3 is set is more than synchronous rotational speed, then this rotating speed can be exactly grid-connected rotating speed),
Generator system can so be reduced to the greatest extent and inverse work(phenomenon occur.As the setting of guide vane opening value is also,
Ensure that generator system does not occur inverse work(phenomenon under this opening value.As long as two conditions reach arbitrary
One can, usual guide vane opening value can first reach, because rotating speed rose there are one the time.
Step 11-6 stops opening guide vane, converter module is waited to close a floodgate grid-connected；
Step 11-7：Wait the predetermined time, if receive and grid-connected successfully indicate；If then otherwise enter into next step
Failure shutdown process；
Step 11-8：The predetermined time is waited, whether detection generator speed is stablized；It is then otherwise to enter into next step
Failure shutdown process；
The judgment mode whether stablized：In predetermined time variable quantity be no more than a certain preset value, such as be set in 1 minute it
It is interior, the rotating speed of generator reach setting speed section (such as this section can be designed as synchronous rotational speed ± 1% or ±
2%), then it is assumed that velocity-stabilization then thinks failure more than this time.
Step 11-9：Guide vane opening is controlled by panel-switch and generator operation rotating speed is set by touch-screen；Step
The manual starting procedures of 11-10 terminate.
Auto Power On flow is as follows：
Step 12-1：Hand inspection is fixed a breakdown；
Step 12-2 judges whether System self-test is normal (be ready for waiting and whether light), if then entering in next step,
Otherwise return to step 12-1；
Step 12-3 starts governor and opens guide vane；
Step 12-4：Judge whether guide vane opening reaches predetermined value or rotating speed reaches predetermined value；It is then to enter in next step, it is no
Then return to step 12-3；
Step 12-5 stops opening guide vane, converter module is waited to close a floodgate grid-connected；
Step 12-6：Wait the predetermined time, if receive it is grid-connected successfully indicate, if then into next step, otherwise enter
Failure shutdown process；
Step 12-7：The predetermined time is waited, whether detection generator speed is stablized, and is then otherwise to enter into next step
Failure shutdown process；
Step 12-8：Start governor and open guide vane
Step 12-9：Whether guide vane opening reaches preset value；It is then into next step；Otherwise return to step 12-8；
Step 12-10：Stop opening guide vane, the optimal work under current working is searched by optimal operating condition point track algorithm
Rotating speed
Step 12-11 Auto Power On flows terminate.
It is as follows to run control process：
Beginning state：Electricity generation system steady-state operation at this time；
Step 21：If detection operating condition changes, judge to be currently MANUAL CONTROL mode or automatically control mould
Formula；
Step 22 if MANUAL CONTROL mode, system send prompting instruction (such as be ready for lamp flicker or increase sound carry
Show), then generator operation rotating speed is artificially set by touch-screen, while observe the variation of output power (or with reference to touch-screen
On optimum operating condition table), the optimal working speed of manual search reaches new steady-working state, and returns to beginning state.
Step 23：If automatic control mode, controller by optimal operating condition point track algorithm (i.e. MPPT control method or
Look-up table) optimal working speed under automatic searching current working, reach new steady-working state, and return to beginning state.
Optimal operating condition point track algorithm is MPPT methods or look-up table；
Look-up table step is as follows：
Step 1：Obtain optimum operating condition table：
Optimum operating condition table includes two kinds of situations, maximum power-rotating speed corresponding table and maximal efficiency-rotating speed corresponding table, in advance
Among optimum operating condition table output software, then the actual conditions according to power station select to be to take any optimum operating condition in advance
Table.Step 2：It detects bearing power and tables look-up online：
The size of the extraneous bearing power of brushless dual-feed motor is detected, and load work(is checked in based on the optimum operating condition table
The corresponding hydraulic turbine rotating speed of target of rate；
Step 3：Rotating speed controls：
The control hydraulic turbine is operated in rotating speed of target, with realize unit operation optimal operating condition point (output power it is maximum or
System effectiveness highest)..
In step 1, first pass through experimental method and measure a series of load characteristic curves of the hydraulic turbine, by curve discretization and store
In memory；Data after discretization are optimum operating condition table, as follows：
P0<P1<P2<……<PN+1；
The characteristics of this look-up table：Using stagnant ring comparison strategy, avoid system that from may being fluctuated in critical point；
In upper table,
When power is at [P0, P2], and rotational speed of water turbine is n1, the power of system output is maximum, and (or efficiency is most
It is high)；
Maximum power point is not necessarily best efficiency point, and two methods form is all but the table with power-rotating speed corresponding table
The thought that lattice are formulated is different, one be with output power be up to target (i.e. in this power section, adjust the rotating speed of generator,
The power of system output is maximum), one be with system effectiveness be up to target (i.e. in this power section, adjust the rotating speed of generator,
The efficiency highest of system).
When power is at [P1, P3], and rotational speed of water turbine is n2, the power of system output is maximum, and (or efficiency is most
It is high)；
.......
When power is at [PN-1, PN+1], and rotational speed of water turbine is nN, maximum (or the efficiency of the power of system output
Highest).
A kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system based on brushless dual-feed motor, including (1) hydraulic turbine system, (2) power generation
Machine system and (3) peripheral sensor；
Hydraulic turbine system includes：The hydraulic turbine, guide vane speed adjusting gear and brake gear；
Generator system includes：BDFM (brushless dual-feed motor), BDFM controllers (mainly include converter module and PLC
Module) and internal system sensor device (including velocity sensor, voltage, current sensor etc.)；
Peripheral sensor is used to check external parameter；
BDFM controllers are implemented to control based on foregoing integrated control method to Hydropower Unit.
Hydropower Unit complex control system further includes defeated change, power supplying and distributing equipment, and defeated change, power supplying and distributing equipment include：Answer urgent telegram
Source (EPS or UPS), potential device, transmission facility.
Hydropower Unit complex control system further includes remote monitoring system, video monitoring equipment in remote monitoring system station,
Industrial personal computer in standing, stand in communication module, cloud server and remote supervisory and control(ling) equipment (such as mobile phone, computer).
Peripheral sensor includes electric energy meter, water-level gauge and flowmeter.
After bearing power converts, online table look-up and rotating speed of target control is re-executed.
Optimal operating condition point track algorithm includes MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm and pressure point of maximum efficiency track algorithm (maximum power
Point is not necessarily best efficiency point), then any algorithm is specifically taken according to different power station type selections.
It is as follows for the control method of brushless dual-feed motor and the hydraulic turbine：
(1) hydraulic turbine is started, dragging brushless dual-feed motor starts, the control brushless double feed power generation of brushless dual-feed motor switch board
The frequency of machine control winding electric current, makes brushless dual-feed motor be stabilized to rotating speed of target；
(2) after brushless dual-feed motor is raised to certain rotating speed (such as rotating speed of target), brushless dual-feed motor control system, which uses, to be turned
Speed and the realization of current double closed-loop control strategy control the amplitude and frequency of output voltage, keep in the case that rotating speed is constant
Output voltage is constant, rotating speed is constant refer to it is constant within a preset range, in positive and negative 1% or positive and negative 5%；
(3) using optimal operating condition point track algorithm after output power changes, brushless dual-feed motor control system is passed through
Coordinate with hydraulic turbine control system, change rotating speed of target and maintain output voltage constant, so as to fulfill the operation of unit optimum operating condition.
Optimal operating condition point track algorithm refer to according to detection generated output and it is online table look-up obtain rotating speed of target method or
Person's MPPT algorithm.
In rotating speed and current double closed-loop control strategy, controlled using PI.Specific PI control strategies are existing mature technology.
Generated output is obtained by gathering the output of power meter.
The control method is realized using controller.
Controller is MCU.Specially microcontroller or DSP etc..
The present invention mentions system architecture and control strategy is also suitable other hydroelectric power systems for being capable of speed change, such as will
Brushless dual-feed motor is replaced with there is brush double feedback electric engine；
Judge the variation of electricity generation system operating mode with the variation of electric energy meter detection power in this patent, flow can also be used instead
To judge the variation of electricity generation system operating mode, (becoming larger for power becomes smaller the others detection devices such as meter, water-level gauge in flow chart, can be with
With the replacement that becomes smaller that becomes larger of flow or other parameter), the optimum operating condition table (power-rotating speed pair in optimal operating condition point track algorithm
Answer table) change accordingly as flow-rotating speed corresponding table, head-rotating speed corresponding table or other parameter-rotating speed corresponding table；
PLC controller can also be replaced with other controllers, such as SCM system, industrial personal computer etc. or by current transformer
Control module and PLC module are replaced with a control module, so as to fulfill the same function and control.
Detailed description are as follows for MPPT methods：
A kind of brushless dual-feed motor hydroelectric generation control method based on MPPT, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Whether the variable quantity for monitoring the output power of brushless dual-feed motor hydroelectric power system is more than preset value, and
Thus the variation (variation of head or flow) of unit operation operating mode is inferred；
Step 2：By the rotating speed of the adjusting step adjustment brushless dual-feed motor of setting；
Step 3：Further rotating speed is adjusted until reaching power maximum output point；
The rotating speed is further adjusted according to output power feedback, until reaching power maximum output point, terminates epicycle tune
It is whole, and return to step 1 (preparing to perform next round adjustment).
The output power is monitored by electric energy meter.
Adjusting step is fixed step size, and the fixed step size is the 1%~5% of brushless dual-feed motor synchronous rotational speed.
Adjusting step is variable step, and the variable step is to become in the range of the 1%~5% of brushless dual-feed motor synchronous rotational speed
Change, adjusting step is adjusted according to the variable quantity of output power, if variable quantity is big, is increased step-length, is otherwise reduced step-length, excellent
D=k* the △ P, k of choosing are constant, and △ P are output power variable quantity.
Adjusting step is classification step-length, and the variable step is in the range of the 1%~5% of brushless dual-feed motor synchronous rotational speed
Variation, classification step-length are divided at least 2 grades of step-lengths；
Step-length adjusting step is adjusted according to the variable quantity of output power, if variable quantity is big, using the step of higher level
It is long, otherwise reduce the rank of step-length, such as a total of N grades of step-length, N grades of step-lengths are maximum, the 1st grade of step-length minimum；
△ P are output power variable quantity；
(1) if △ P ＜ M (1), using the 1st grade of step-length；
(2) if M (1)≤△ P ＜ M (2), using the 2nd grade of step-length；
And so on；
(3) if M (N-1)≤△ P ＜ M (N), using N grades of step-lengths；
M (1) ＜ M (2) ＜ ... ＜ M (N)；M (1), M (2), M (N) are the 1st grade of step-length, the 2nd grade of step-length and N respectively
Grade step-length.M (1), M (2), M (N) and concrete practice are manually set.
Adjusting step is classification step-length, and the variable step is in the range of the 1%~5% of brushless dual-feed motor synchronous rotational speed
Variation, classification step-length are divided into 2 grades of step-lengths；1st grade of step-length is the 1% of synchronous rotational speed, and the 2nd grade of step-length is the 5% of synchronous rotational speed；
(1) if △ P ＜ M (1), using the 1st grade of step-length；
(2) if M (1)≤△ P ＜ M (2), using the 2nd grade of step-length.
In step 3, adjustable strategies are：
(1) if increasing rotating speed output power is caused to reduce, in next adjustment cycle (such as 1 minute), reduces rotating speed；
(2) if increasing rotating speed output power is caused to raise, in next adjustment cycle (such as 1 minute), continues increase and turn
Speed；
(3) if reducing rotating speed output power is caused to reduce, in next adjustment cycle (such as 1 minute), increases rotating speed；
(4) if reducing rotating speed output power is caused to raise, in next adjustment cycle (such as 1 minute), continues reduction and turn
Speed.
If there is water-level gauge (or flowmeter), it is of course possible to judge whether water level becomes by the data of water-level gauge
Change, and an innovative point of this patent is exactly not required water-level gauge (or flowmeter) to come sensed water level and flow, but pass through
Power output judges the variation of water level (or flow), as long as power is changed, it is possible to be intuitively inferred to be due to
Head or flow have occurred change and (exclude some disturbing factors and special circumstances, generator power output is changed, certainly
It is since the potential energy of water is changed, thus it is possible to vary the only flow of head height and water of water potential energy).If power does not have
It changes, is considered as head and flow does not change, that is, the operating condition of generator is stablized, and need not make tune
It is whole.
The searching of power maximum output point is realized using PLC.
Division name of the present invention is explained as follows：
BDFM：Brushless dual-feed motor (Brushless Double Fed Machine)
MPPT：MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking)；
Variable speed constant frequency：Conventional synchronous generator system, in order to ensure the electric energy frequency stabilization sent, the rotating speed of generator
It must remain stable, this generation mode is known as " constant-speed and constant-frequency ", if using similar brushless double feed power-generating control system, just
In normal power generation process, the rotating speed of generator can still ensure to send the stabilization of electric energy frequency, this generation mode in variation
It is known as " variable speed constant frequency ".
This patent proposes the MPPT maximum power point tracking applied in the brushless double feed power-generating control system of hydroelectric field
Method, and detail operation principle and flow chart.
The present invention mentions system architecture and control strategy (maximum power point tracing method) is also suitable others and can realize
The hydroelectric power system of " variable speed constant frequency generator ", such as by brushless dual-feed motor with there is brush double feedback electric engine to replace；
2) judge the variation of electricity generation system operating mode with the variation of electric energy meter detection power in this patent, stream can also be used instead
To judge the variation of electricity generation system operating mode, (becoming larger for power becomes smaller the others such as gauge, water-level gauge detection device in flow chart, can
With with the replacement that becomes smaller that becomes larger of flow or other parameter)；
3) what is enumerated in Fig. 8 is the control strategy using 2 kinds of step-lengths, can also equally use a kind or a variety of step-lengths
Control strategy；
4) PLC controller can also be replaced with other controllers, such as SCM system, industrial personal computer etc. or by unsteady flow
Device control module and PLC module are replaced with a control module, so as to fulfill the same function and control.
Advantageous effect：
The Hydropower Unit complex control system and method based on brushless dual-feed motor of the present invention, key technology point are as follows：
1) composition of electricity generation system, what previous close patent illustrated is all the composition of BDFM governing systems, i.e., herein
The composition of BDFM controller converter modules, the composition without discussing entire BDFM power-generating control systems, system set forth herein
System composition adds PLC module, condition detector (electric energy meter, water-level gauge etc.), emergency power supply electric power system, remote monitoring
System etc. constitutes an entirety, perfect power-generating control system；
2) control strategy of PLC module, normal switch machine flow, fail close including the power-generating control system based on BDFM
Machine flow and steady-state operation control flow, these flows have apparent difference with conventional synchronous generator system, these streams
The design of journey can reduce to the full extent it is various in the case of impact to equipment；
3) variation of generator system output power is detected by electric energy meter to judge the variation of operating mode, can be saved first
The devices such as complicated water-level gauge, flowmeter are not single secondly directly by the use of the output power (or efficiency) of system as criterion
The pure power output (or efficiency) for considering some equipment of the hydraulic turbine or generator, but it is defeated to promote the power of entire electricity generation system
Go out (or efficiency) for starting point, more meet the demand of practical application.
Compared with prior art, it is as follows the advantages of this patent：
1) prior art usually only elaborates the composition of brushless dual-feed motor governing system, without discussing entire power generation system
The composition of system, this patent composition of system perfect on the basis of existing technology, adds PLC module, condition detector
(electric energy meter, water-level gauge etc.), emergency power supply electric power system, remote monitoring system etc.；
2) prior art usually only elaborates that the realization of brushless double feed power-generating control system speed change is former in control strategy part
Reason, without discuss electricity generation system speed change condition and principle (speed change in what situations, speed become higher or are lower, become
How much properly height is lower), this patent compensates for this point；
3) this patent details the normal switch machine flow of the hydroelectric generation control system based on BDFM motors, failure shutdown
Flow and steady-state operation control flow.
Using the present invention, the operational efficiency of system can be effectively improved, and it is easy to implement.
In addition, the advantage of MPPT methods is embodied in：The method is using the power that entire generating set exports as judgment criteria, to carry
The whole efficiency of high unit is starting point, more meets the demand of practical application.
Key technology point is as follows：
1) maximum power point tracing method for brushless dual-feed motor hydroelectric generation control system is devised, and is given
Flow chart；
2) devise and be using the minimum of brushless dual-feed motor hydroelectric generation control system of maximum power point tracing method
System composition selects the power output of electric energy meter monitoring generator to judge that the operating mode of unit changes, while by unit overall power
Output so not only simplifies the composition of system, and more meets actual application as appraisal standards；
3) a kind of maximum power point tracing method of variable step is provided, it can be according to power station in actual application
Operating mode selects the control strategy of a kind of step-length or a variety of step-lengths, has very strong flexibility.
Compared with prior art, it is as follows the advantages of this MPPT methods：
1) prior art usually only elaborates the composition of brushless dual-feed motor governing system, and this patent is in the base of the prior art
The minimum composition for the brushless double feed power-generating control system that can realize maximum power point tracing method is proposed on plinth；
2) prior art usually only elaborates that the realization of brushless double feed power-generating control system speed change is former in control strategy part
Reason, without discuss electricity generation system speed change condition and principle (speed change in what situations, speed become higher or are lower, become
How much properly height is lower), this patent compensates for this point；
To sum up, the brushless dual-feed motor hydroelectric generation control method based on MPPT and look-up table of the present invention is easy to real
It applies, is suitble to promote and apply.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present system control block diagram；
Fig. 2 is BDFM controller composition schematic diagrams；
Fig. 3 is manual starting procedure figure
Fig. 4 is Auto Power On flow chart；
Fig. 5 is manual (automatic) shutdown process figure；
Fig. 6 is failure shutdown flow chart；
Fig. 7 is steady-state operation flow chart；
Fig. 8 is the brushless dual-feed motor hydroelectric generation control flow chart based on MPPT.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments：
Embodiment 1：Two parts is divided to illustrate the operation principle of system below, 1, the composition of system, 2, the control method of system.
First portion：The composition of system
System mainly includes following component：1 hydraulic turbine system, including：The hydraulic turbine, guide vane speed adjusting gear, brake dress
It puts；2 generator systems, including：BDFM, BDFM controller (mainly including converter module and PLC module) and internal system
Sensor device (including velocity sensor, voltage, current sensor etc.)；3 peripheral sensors, including：Electric energy meter, water level
The detection devices such as meter, flowmeter；4 defeated changes, power supplying and distributing equipment, including：Emergency power supply (EPS or UPS), potential device, transmission of electricity are set
It is standby etc.；5 remote monitoring systems, including：All kinds of monitoring devices such as video in standing, stand in industrial personal computer, stand in communication module, high in the clouds clothes
Business device, remote supervisory and control(ling) equipment (such as mobile phone, computer) etc..
On the one hand hydraulic turbine system receives instruction (such as ON/OFF guide vane, startup/stopping brake that BDFM controllers are sent
Device), then corresponding drive speed adjustor and brake gear action, on the other hand feed back to control by the status signal of operating mechanism
Device processed, such as various limit signals of the opening value of guide vane, guide vane mechanism etc..
Generator system is the most important part of entire electricity generation system, and BDFM controllers therein are even more whole system
Core.The composition of controller is as shown in Fig. 2, it mainly includes two unit modules, converter module and PLC module, wherein becoming
The composition for flowing device module is similar to patent 2：201410292442.8 system composition, main function be just responsible for adjust BDFM
Rotating speed, and adjust the speed command of rotating speed from PLC module, the effect of PLC module is exactly to be sensed by some of outside
Device equipment (mainly electric energy meter, others can also include the detection devices such as water-level gauge, flowmeter) detection electricity generation system operating mode
Variation, it is that accelerate or should slow down and when can stop speed change then judging BDFM, and correlation is referred to
Converter module is told in order.Generator system further includes some internal sensor devices, and converter module just needs when working
Gather the tach signal of generator power winding, the voltage of control winding, current signal and generator, PLC module work
The tach signal of acquisition generator is needed, so as to judge whether the rotating speed of generator reaches specified rotating speed, while can be used for electricity
The overspeed alarming of machine.
Peripheral sensor equipment, main application is exactly to detect the real time execution operating mode of electricity generation system, and related data is led to
The form for crossing digital quantity, analog quantity or bus communication is sent to PLC module, when PLC detects the operating condition of electricity generation system
When changing (such as variation of generated energy, head height, flow), it is possible to be adjusted by default control strategy in advance
The rotating speed of BDFM, relevant control strategy are described in detail in second portion.
Defeated change, power supplying and distributing equipment, for power transmission and transformation system as conventional electricity generation system, details are not described herein, stresses
The effect of emergency power supply (EPS), the main function of EPS are when preventing that power grid from tripping suddenly, and electricity generation system detects power grid at this time
Failure can stop excitation power generation immediately, if at this time the no backup power supply in entire power station can dead electricity immediately, and unit can because
Removal of load rotating speed can become very high, if without corresponding safeguard measure, it is likely that will result in runaway accident, the effect of EPS
It is exactly the backup power supply as power station, when power grid breaks down, provides a system to energy guide vane closing, so as to prevents driving thing
Therefore.In addition, EPS can be used as remote monitoring system or the backup power supply of other loads, can play prevents loss of data, hair
Go out the purposes such as alarm.
Remote monitoring system can be divided into two levels by function, if need to only provide monitoring in station, need to only stand interior work
The equipment such as control machine, and if necessary provide station outside remote control, then need a whole set of monitoring system as shown in Figure 1, stand in
With the outer completion data interaction in station there are many approach, internet, wireless communication networks or other means of communications can be passed through.
Second portion：The control method of system
The control method of the control method of system, that is, BDFM controllers, is broadly divided into two parts, and first portion is brushless double
How generating aid realizes speed change, this part of content mainly illustrates how converter module works, and principle is the same as patent 2：
201410292442.8 it is described, innovative content is not belonging to, details are not described herein；Second portion, the change of brushless double feed electricity generation system
Fast principle, this part of content mainly illustrate the control strategy of PLC module, and following emphasis illustrates this part of content.
Brushless double feed electricity generation system is because can change the working speed of unit, so as to change in unit operation operating mode
When, by adjusting the rotating speed of generator unit is caused to track optimal operating condition point operation to a greater extent, therefore how so that machine
Group searches optimized rotating speed under different operating modes becomes the key of system speed governing.The system using look-up table optimal operating condition point with
Track algorithm.
In the present system, the variation of the output power of unit is detected by electric energy meter to judge whether the operating mode of unit occurs
Variation, i.e., when under stable situation, if it is more than a certain threshold value to detect that the power output of electric energy meter changes, then it is assumed that the fortune of unit
Row operating mode changes, and system starts to start optimal operating condition point track algorithm, and the process of realization is to be inputted by realizing in program
The optimum operating condition table in face realizes that optimum operating condition table is divided into two kinds of situations, a kind of situation is up to the mesh of speed governing with output power
Mark, the form given are under different capacity section, and unit operation is maximum in the power which rotating speed enables to unit to export；It is another
Situation is to be up to the target of speed governing with system effectiveness, and the form given is under different capacity section, and unit operation is in which rotating speed energy
Enough so that the efficiency of unit is maximum, depending on the actual demand that foundation power station is specifically needed using any control strategy.
During engineer application, can also by other means judge the variation of system conditions, such as sentenced by water-level gauge
It cuts off the water supply the variation of position height, the variation of flow is judged by flowmeter, it should but electric energy meter is used to judge on the one hand to meet engineering
Demand because the final purpose of user be want it is multiple go out electric energy, the composition of system is on the other hand simplified, because water-level gauge
Get up with flowmeter layout more complicated.
PLC main control softwares are divided into manual, automatic two kinds of operation modes, have manually start, manually shutdown, Auto Power On, oneself
Shutdown, failure shutdown, steady-state operation six kinds of operating statuses in total are moved, wherein shutdown is all as automatic shutdown flow manually
One key shuts down, and is the flow chart of these types of operating status below, notes：In order to highlight the difference of manual mode and automatic mode, with
The step of manual operation is needed in lower flow chart, is marked with grey square frame, secondly, in order to distinguish preset value (thing numerous in program
Certain parameter is first set as some numerical value), it is marked respectively with 1,2,3 ... in flow charts, and the digital phase in each flow chart
To independence.
(1) manual starting procedure such as Fig. 3.
(2) Auto Power On flow such as Fig. 4.
(3) manual (automatic) shutdown process such as Fig. 5.
(4) failure shutdown process such as Fig. 6.
(5) steady-state operation flow such as Fig. 7.
MPPT control method
BDFM hydroelectric generation control system control strategies are divided into two major parts, and a part is the control of converter module
Strategy, i.e. current transformer are how BDFM rotating speeds to be controlled by, and so as to fulfill variable speed constant frequency generator, this part of content exists
It is told about in many patents, is not belonging to the innovative point of this patent, therefore repeats no more；Another part is the control of PLC module
Strategy, MPPT control strategies just belong to a part therein.
Brushless double feed electricity generation system is because can change the working speed of unit, so as to change in unit operation operating mode
When, by adjusting the rotating speed of generator unit is caused to track optimal operating condition point operation to a greater extent, therefore how so that machine
Group searches optimized rotating speed under different operating modes becomes the key of system speed governing.The BDFM hydroelectric generations control system of this patent design
System searches optimal working point using maximum power point tracing method, and flow is as shown in figure 8, its basic principle is：Exclude other
Disturbing factor, speed power curve of the generating set under any operating mode is approximately parabola, by constantly changing turning for unit
Speed, it is possible to search the optimum point (parabolical peak) of power.When the change of a certain trend occurs for system detectio to operating mode
During change (following surface current journey electricity generation system power described in figure increases), generator speed (quantitative standard is quantitatively improved first
Can be determined according to actual project, such as quantitative criterion can be used as according to the 5% of generator synchronous rotational speed), if this
When detect that the output power of generator also accordingly increases, then it is assumed that rotation speed change is in the right direction, continues to increase rotating speed, until look for
To power maximum output point, if increasing rotating speed, power is reduced instead, then judges rotation speed change anisotropy, and system, which reduces, to be turned
Speed is given, until finding power maximum output point；When Long-term change trend contrary to the above occurs for system detectio operating mode, drop first
Low generator speed, follow-up process are similar.
A kind of MPPT methods of variable step, i.e. content in dotted line frame are given in Fig. 8 simultaneously, if using a kind of step
Long, then the content of dotted line frame can be omitted.Two kinds of selection and the method for more than step-length, can allow optimum speed point location more
Precisely, but the shortcomings that rotating speed easily fluctuates also is brought, therefore, in practical application, can be selected according to the actual condition of unit
Select a kind of step-length or a variety of step-lengths.The definition of step-length can be determined according to actual project, such as can set two sets of steps
It is long, first, in accordance with 5% step-length as the first step of generator synchronous rotational speed, then step-length can be revised as 1%, as the
The step-length of two steps, naturally it is also possible to which more step-lengths are set.
During engineer application, can also by other means judge the variation of system conditions, such as sentenced by water-level gauge
It cuts off the water supply the variation of position height, the variation of flow is judged by flowmeter, but electric energy meter judgement is used to best suit engineer application
Demand because the final purpose of user be want it is multiple go out electric energy, in addition, if judging the change of operating mode using other sensors
Change, from the flow chart of Fig. 8 it was found from, system still needs electric energy meter to detect the variation tendency of generated output, so if directly
It connects using electric energy meter to judge the variation of operating mode, other sensor devices can be saved, simplify the composition of system.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of integrated control method of the Hydropower Unit based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that start shooting and control including (1)
System, (2) operation control and (3) shutdown control；
(1) start control includes：
(11) start control manually；
(12) Auto Power On controls；
(2) operation control is the control based on optimal operating condition point track algorithm；
(3) shutdown control includes：
(31) manual/auto shutdown control；
(32) failure is shut down.
2. the integrated control method of the Hydropower Unit according to claim 1 based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that
Start controls the process to be manually：
Step 11-1：Hand inspection is fixed a breakdown；
Step 11-2 judges whether System self-test is normal, if then into next step, otherwise return to step 11-1；
Step 11-3 sets grid-connected rotating speed, and sends power-on instruction；
Step 11-4：Start governor and open guide vane；
Step 11-5：Judge whether guide vane opening reaches predetermined value or rotating speed reaches predetermined value, be then otherwise to be returned into next step
Return to step 11-4；
Step 11-6 stops opening guide vane, converter module is waited to close a floodgate grid-connected；
Step 11-7：Wait the predetermined time, if receive and grid-connected successfully indicate；If then into next step, otherwise into failure
Shutdown process；
Step 11-8：The predetermined time is waited, whether detection generator speed is stablized；It is then into next step, otherwise into failure
Shutdown process；
Step 11-9：Guide vane opening is controlled by panel-switch and generator operation rotating speed is set by touch-screen；
The manual starting procedures of step 11-10 terminate.
3. the integrated control method of the Hydropower Unit according to claim 1 based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that
Auto Power On flow is as follows：
Step 12-1：Hand inspection is fixed a breakdown；
Step 12-2 judges whether System self-test is normal, if then into next step, otherwise return to step 12-1；
Step 12-3 starts governor and opens guide vane；
Step 12-4：Judge whether guide vane opening reaches predetermined value or rotating speed reaches predetermined value；It is then otherwise to be returned into next step
Return to step 12-3；
Step 12-5 stops opening guide vane, converter module is waited to close a floodgate grid-connected；
Step 12-6：Wait the predetermined time, if receive it is grid-connected successfully indicate, if then into next step, otherwise into failure
Shutdown process；
Step 12-7：The predetermined time is waited, whether detection generator speed is stablized, and is then into next step, otherwise into failure
Shutdown process；
Step 12-8：Start governor and open guide vane
Step 12-9：Whether guide vane opening reaches preset value；It is then into next step；Otherwise return to step 12-8；
Step 12-10：Stop opening guide vane, the optimal working speed under current working is searched by optimal operating condition point track algorithm
Step 12-11 Auto Power On flows terminate.
4. according to the integrated control method of Hydropower Unit of the claim 1-3 any one of them based on brushless dual-feed motor,
It is characterized in that, operation control process is as follows：
Beginning state：Electricity generation system steady-state operation at this time；
Step 21：If detection operating condition changes, judge it is currently MANUAL CONTROL mode or automatic control mode；
For step 22 if MANUAL CONTROL mode, system sends prompting instruction, then artificially setting generator operation by touch-screen turns
Speed, while the variation of output power is observed, the optimal working speed of manual search reaches new steady-working state, and returns and open
Beginning state.
Step 23：If automatic control mode, controller passes through under optimal operating condition point track algorithm automatic searching current working
Optimal working speed reaches new steady-working state, and returns to beginning state.
5. the integrated control method of the Hydropower Unit according to claim 4 based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that
Optimal operating condition point track algorithm is MPPT methods or look-up table；
Look-up table step is as follows：
Step 1：Obtain optimum operating condition table：
Optimum operating condition table includes two kinds of situations, maximum power-rotating speed corresponding table and maximal efficiency-rotating speed corresponding table, in advance will most
Among excellent operating mode table output software, then the actual conditions according to power station select to be to take any optimum operating condition table in advance.
Step 2：It detects bearing power and tables look-up online：
The size of the extraneous bearing power of brushless dual-feed motor is detected, and bearing power pair is checked in based on the optimum operating condition table
The hydraulic turbine rotating speed of target answered；
Step 3：Rotating speed controls：
The control hydraulic turbine is operated in rotating speed of target, to realize unit operation in optimal operating condition point.
6. the integrated control method of the Hydropower Unit according to claim 4 based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that
In step 1, first pass through experimental method and measure a series of load characteristic curves of the hydraulic turbine, by curve discretization and be stored in memory
In；Data after discretization are optimum operating condition table, as follows：
P0<P1<P2<……<PN+1；
In upper table,
When power is at [P0, P2], and rotational speed of water turbine is n1, the power maximum or efficiency highest of system output；
When power is at [P1, P3], and rotational speed of water turbine is n2, the power maximum or efficiency highest of system output；
.......
When power is at [PN-1, PN+1], and rotational speed of water turbine is nN, the power maximum or efficiency highest of system output.
7. a kind of Hydropower Unit complex control system based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that including (1) hydraulic turbine system
System, (2) generator system and (3) peripheral sensor；
Hydraulic turbine system includes：The hydraulic turbine, guide vane speed adjusting gear and brake gear；
Generator system includes：The sensor device of BDFM, BDFM controller and internal system；
Peripheral sensor is used to check external parameter；
BDFM controllers are implemented to control based on the integrated control method described in claim 6 to Hydropower Unit.
8. the Hydropower Unit complex control system according to claim 7 based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that also
Including defeated change, power supplying and distributing equipment, defeated change, power supplying and distributing equipment include：Emergency power supply, potential device, transmission facility.
9. the Hydropower Unit complex control system according to claim 7 based on brushless dual-feed motor, which is characterized in that also
Including remote monitoring system, video monitoring equipment in remote monitoring system station, stand in industrial personal computer, stand in communication module, high in the clouds clothes
Business device and remote supervisory and control(ling) equipment.
It is 10. special according to Hydropower Unit complex control system of the claim 7-9 any one of them based on brushless dual-feed motor
Sign is that peripheral sensor includes electric energy meter, water-level gauge and flowmeter.
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