CN106089126B - 一种送钻工具 - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/22—Synthetic organic compounds
- C09K8/24—Polymers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种送钻工具,属于深水钻井领域。本发明一种送钻工具,包括设置在套筒内部与上筒体相连的钻井液腔,所述钻井液腔连有活塞室,所述活塞室与驱动室相连,所述驱动室中部设有驱动杆,所述驱动杆与旋转件相连,所述旋转件与下接头相连。本发明的一种送钻工具具有在深水钻井过程中,对海底页岩造成冲击较小,减小海底页岩崩塌,在送钻过程中即配合送出钻井液,减小气体水合物生成,对钻井液进行改进,改善钻井液性能,有效抑制水合物生成的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种工具,特别是一种送钻工具。
背景技术
自1985年以来,随着第一批水深在300m以上深水油气勘探开发项目的投入建设,国际深水油气勘探开发逐渐增多。最初10a的年平均增长速度为65%,西北欧、巴西、墨西哥湾的勘探开发速度最快,2001年起墨西哥湾深水区的产量已超过浅水区。据统计,截至2000年,水深500m的深水油气田有162个,遍及世界各海域,其中尤以美洲的墨西哥湾海域、拉丁美洲的巴西海域及西非海域最多,深水油气田探明油气储量为22.6×108t油当量,占海上油气田探明总储量的12%。
与浅水区域相比,深水钻井面临的主要问题有:海底页岩的稳定性差,钻井液用量大,井眼清洗难,浅层天然气与形成的气体水合物,低温下钻井液的流变性,地层破裂压力窗口窄等。这些问题给钻井工作带来了诸多困难。在深水钻井的过程中,气体水合物的生成与堵塞严重影响了深水油气钻探的安全进行。目前主要通过在钻井液中加入盐类和醇类等热力学抑制剂防治水合物问题,而高浓度的抑制剂增加了钻井成本,且不利于钻井液性能维护。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种在深水钻井过程中,对海底页岩造成冲击较小,减小海底页岩崩塌,在送钻过程中即配合送出钻井液,减小气体水合物生成,对钻井液进行改进,改善钻井液性能,有效抑制水合物生成的送钻工具。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明一种送钻工具,包括设置在套筒内部与上筒体相连的钻井液腔,所述钻井液腔连有活塞室,所述活塞室与驱动室相连,所述驱动室中部设有驱动杆,所述驱动杆与旋转件相连,所述旋转件与下接头相连。
由于采用了上述技术方案,在送钻工具内部增加钻井液腔,腔内装有钻井液,在钻井的过程中,即将钻井液配合送出,从而更好的抑制水合物的生成。通过活塞室做功,使得钻井液能够更好的达到钻头部,增加钻井液滴喷出速率。通过旋转件配合钻头对海底页岩进行钻井工作,能够减小垂直打击对海底页岩的冲击力,通过旋转钻探配合垂直打击减小海底页岩崩塌,进一步保证了深水钻井的安全性。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述钻井液腔底部设有喷嘴,所述喷嘴与活塞室连通。
由于采用了上述技术方案,通过喷嘴将钻井液喷入活塞室,使得钻井液能够与更好的与活塞头配合,保证钻井液均进入活塞室中被送入旋转件中,减小钻井液的损失。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述活塞室内设有活塞头,所述活塞头中部设有液流孔;所述活塞室的两侧面设有若干分隔环,所述分隔环内部设有导流孔,所述导流孔穿出套筒侧壁与外界连通;所述分隔环能限制活塞头的向下位移。
由于采用了上述技术方案,活塞头上下移动做功,产生压力,并将钻井液送入钻头,分隔环能够限制活塞头的向下位移,避免活塞头做功产生的压力过大,而随海底页岩造成较大的冲击,同时,分隔环,导流孔与活塞头配合使得活塞室内形成一个压力波动腔,从而使得活塞产生的压力恰到好处,仅对钻井工作产生增益作用,而不会带来较大的冲击力,从而保证能够在更好的进行钻井工作的同时,保证海底页岩结构的稳定,不会崩塌。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述驱动杆中部开有通孔,所述活塞室底部设有传压孔,所述通孔与传压孔连通,所述传压孔与液流孔连通。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述旋转件外表面均布有若干螺旋叶片,所述旋转件中部开有盲孔,所述盲孔与通孔连通,所述螺旋叶片表面设有若干出液孔,所述出液孔与盲孔连通。
由于采用了上述技术方案,旋转件在转动的过程中即将钻井液带出。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述钻井液腔内装有钻井液,所述钻井液包括质量份12~25份萜烯基聚酯,18~26份骨架型二芳烯聚合物,8~15份纳米Na2SiO3,3~8份聚氧化丙烯二醇,5~13份双十烷基三甲基氯化铵,30~45份聚乙二醇,30~45份乙醇和40~80份膨润土组成,所述骨架型二芳烯聚合物的结构式为
由于采用了上述技术方案,钻井液在深水低温环境中具备良好的降滤失性和流变性,对水合物的生成有明显的抑制作用。
其中,萜烯基聚酯可以为12~25份中的任意值,例如13,15,17,19,20,23,24等,骨架型二芳烯聚合物可以为18~26份中的任意值,例如20,21,24,25等,纳米Na2SiO3可以为8~15份中的任意值,例如9,10,13,14等,聚氧化丙烯二醇可以为3~8份中的任意值,例如4,5,6,7等,双十烷基三甲基氯化铵可以为5~13份中的任意值,例如6,7,8,9,10等,聚乙二醇可以为30~45份中的任意值,例如32,35,36,38,40,42等,乙醇可以为30~45份中的任意值,例如32,34,36,38,39,40,43等,膨润土可以为40~80份中的任意值,例如42,43,47,49,50,56,59,60,67,69,73,76,78等。
优选的,当钻井液包括质量份18份萜烯基聚酯,23份骨架型二芳烯聚合物,15份纳米Na2SiO3,8份聚氧化丙烯二醇,8份双十烷基三甲基氯化铵,42份聚乙二醇,35份乙醇和76份膨润土组成时为最佳值,在15℃,0℃,-4℃,-8℃时的密度(g·L-1)为1.03,1.05,1.06,1.06,静切力(Pa)为2.3/2.6,2.5/3.2,2.5/3.2,2.5/3.2,塑性黏度(mPa·s)为18,21,23,25,动切力(Pa)为9.4,10.2,10.5,10.9,API滤失(mL)为5.3,5.3,5.5,5.5,在2.47h(3.4℃,10.93mPa)时,体系中才开始大量生成水合物,可钻井液黏度较大,延缓了气体分子进入水合物笼型结构空腔。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述骨架型二芳烯聚合物的聚合度大于6。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述纳米Na2SiO3的粒径为20nm~80nm,所述膨润土的细度为200目。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述钻井液腔内部设有控温装置,所述控温装置保持钻井液腔内部温度恒定于12~20℃。
本发明的一种送钻工具,所述活塞头做功产生的最大压力为4个大气压,所述旋转件转动速率为370r/min。
由于采用了上述技术方案,上述均为最佳范围值,能够保证在钻井工作过程中最佳的性能。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、在深水钻井过程中,对海底页岩造成冲击较小,减小海底页岩崩塌,在送钻过程中即配合送出钻井液,减小气体水合物生成。
2、对钻井液进行改进,在深水低温环境中具备良好的降滤失性和流变性,对水合物的生成有明显的抑制作用提高了深水钻井作业的安全性。
附图说明
图1是一种送钻工具的结构示意图。
图中标记:1为上筒体,2为钻井液腔,3为活塞室,4为分隔环,5为导流孔,7为传压孔,8为驱动杆,11为下接头,12为旋转件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明作详细的说明。
为了使发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
如图1所示,一种送钻工具,包括设置在套筒内部与上筒体1相连的钻井液腔2,钻井液腔2连有活塞室3,活塞室3与驱动室相连,驱动室中部设有驱动杆8,驱动杆8与旋转件12相连,所述旋转件12与下接头11相连。钻井液腔2底部设有喷嘴14,喷嘴14与活塞室连通。活塞室3内设有活塞头,活塞头中部设有液流孔;活塞室的两侧面设有若干分隔环4,分隔环4内部设有导流孔5,导流孔5穿出套筒侧壁与外界连通;分隔环4能限制活塞头的向下位移,分隔环4,导流孔5与活塞头配合作用在活塞室3内形成一个压力波动腔。驱动杆8中部开有通孔,活塞室3底部设有传压孔7,通孔与传压孔7连通,传压孔7与液流孔连通。旋转件12外表面均布有若干螺旋叶片,旋转件12中部开有盲孔,盲孔与通孔连通,螺旋叶片表面设有若干出液孔,出液孔与盲孔连通。钻井液腔2内部设有控温装置,控温装置保持钻井液腔2内部温度恒定于12~20℃。活塞头做功产生的最大压力为4个大气压,旋转件12转动速率为370r/min。
实施例2
钻井液腔2内装有钻井液,钻井液包括质量份12~25份萜烯基聚酯,18~26份骨架型二芳烯聚合物,8~15份纳米Na2SiO3,3~8份聚氧化丙烯二醇,5~13份双十烷基三甲基氯化铵,30~45份聚乙二醇,30~45份乙醇和40~80份膨润土组成,骨架型二芳烯聚合物的结构式为骨架型二芳烯聚合物的聚合度大于6。纳米Na2SiO3的粒径为20nm~80nm,膨润土的细度为200目。本发明给出8中较佳的组合配比,并测试了其在15℃,0℃,-4℃,-8℃时的密度ρ(g·L-1),静切力k(Pa),塑性黏度n(mPa·s),动切力q(Pa)和API滤失m(mL),并测试水合物抑制情况详细数据见表1至表3。
表1较佳组分(质量份)
表2降滤失性和流变性测试
表3水合物抑制情况(体系大量产生水合物的时间、温度、压力)
t(h) | T(℃) | P(mPa) | |
1 | 2.11 | 3.5 | 10.11 |
2 | 1.93 | 3.7 | 10.29 |
3 | 2.38 | 3.2 | 9.84 |
4 | 2.05 | 3.6 | 10.17 |
5 | 2.16 | 3.5 | 10.06 |
6 | 2.47 | 3.4 | 10.93 |
7 | 1.83 | 3.8 | 10.39 |
8 | 1.87 | 3.8 | 10.35 |
实施例3
骨架型二芳烯聚合物的合成式如下,
中间体Cl-DTE合成:在氩气的保护下,将16g(94mmol)戊二酰氯溶于200mLCH2Cl2中,加入无水氯化铝30g(225.6mmol),缓慢滴加含有25g(188mmol)的5-氯-2-甲基噻吩的二氯乙烷溶液100mL,继续反应8h。加入50mL终止反应,用95%的乙醇水溶液重结晶。
在氩气的保护下,取锌粉34.56g放入经过重蒸后的四氢呋喃200mL中,注射TiCl417.16mL,搅拌均匀后,加热回流1h。避光情况下把含11g上布产物的THF溶液200mL在24h内滴加到烧瓶内,继续反应12h,加入饱和碳酸钾水溶液50mL终止反应。反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用污水硫酸镁干燥过夜,粗产品用95%乙醇水溶液重结晶。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=1.88(s,6H),1.92~2.10(m,2H),2.69(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),6.58(s,2H);13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=15.1,23.8,39.1,126.0,127.2,134.0,135.3,135.7;MS:m/z=328[M+];IR:2953cm-1,2916cm-1,2841cm-1,1640cm-1,1551cm-1,1455cm-1,1437cm-1,1311cm-1,1197cm-1,1159cm-1,1140cm-1,991cm-1,830cm-1,822cm-1,746cm-1,666cm-1,481cm-1;C15H14Cl2S2:calcd.C 54.71,H 4.29;found C 54.63,H 4.30.
中间体FPOx的合成:用多聚磷酸为溶剂和催化剂,将摩尔比3:2的五氟苯甲酸与硫酸肼在200℃反应5h,得到棕红色溶液。冷却至室温,然后将反应液倒入大量去离子水,得到白色沉淀。此白色沉淀用异丙醇与甲苯(体积比1:3)混合溶液进行重结晶,得到白色针状晶体,产率为88%。
19F NMR:δ=-135(m,4F,ortho to Ox);-146(m,2F,para to Ox);-159(m,4F,meta to Ox)。MS:m/z=402[M+]。IR:1653cm-1,1556cm-1,1526cm-1,1496cm-1,1422cm-1,1366cm-1,1321cm-1,121cm-1,1092cm-1,1042cm-1,993cm-1,978cm-1,844cm-1,812cm-1,751cm-1。元素分析C:41.75;N:6.95;O:4.00(理论值C:41.81;F:47.24;N:6.97;O:3.98)。
目标产物的合成:0.2g(0.6mmol)Cl-DTE,溶于20mLTHF中,氮气保护下,搅拌均匀,缓慢滴入丁基锂0.5mL(2.4mol·L-1正己烷溶液)。滴加完成后继续反应3h,加入5mL含0.245gFPOx的四氢呋喃溶液。继续反应5h,将反应液倒入200mL去离子水中,得到黄色沉淀,抽滤,固体用甲醇润洗三遍,真空干燥得到目标产物0.27g,产率为71%。
19F NMR:δ=-130~-132,-135~-137;-148.49(s);-152~-154;-155.67(s);-156.44(s)。GPC:Mn=184000,PDI=1.57,DP=6。
实施例4
萜烯基聚酯的合成:将摩尔比1:1:2.4:0.4的苯酐,TMA,二甘醇和三羟甲基丙烷,磷酸(总质量的0.1%),二丁基羟基甲苯(0.1%)和二甲苯(3%)加到通氮气并带有温控,聚四氟乙烯搅拌桨和分水器的四口瓶中,制备出羟值约170mg/g的聚酯,降温后用乙酸乙酯稀释到固体质量分数为70%,得到目标产物。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种送钻工具,其特征在于:包括设置在套筒内部与上筒体(1)相连的钻井液腔(2),所述钻井液腔(2)连有活塞室(3),所述活塞室(3)与驱动室相连,所述驱动室中部设有驱动杆(8),所述驱动杆(8)与旋转件(12)相连,所述旋转件(12)与下接头(11)相连;
所述钻井液腔(2)底部设有喷嘴(14),所述喷嘴(14)与活塞室连通;
所述活塞室(3)内设有活塞头,所述活塞头中部设有液流孔;所述活塞室的两侧面设有若干分隔环(4),所述分隔环(4)内部设有导流孔(5),所述导流孔(5)穿出套筒侧壁与外界连通;所述分隔环(4)能限制活塞头的向下位移。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述驱动杆(8)中部开有通孔,所述活塞室(3)底部设有传压孔(7),所述通孔与传压孔(7)连通,所述传压孔(7)与液流孔连通。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述旋转件(12)外表面均布有若干螺旋叶片,所述旋转件(12)中部开有盲孔,所述盲孔与通孔连通,所述螺旋叶片表面设有若干出液孔,所述出液孔与盲孔连通。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述钻井液腔(2)内装有钻井液,所述钻井液包括质量份12~25份萜烯基聚酯,18~26份骨架型二芳烯聚合物,8~15份纳米Na2SiO3,3~8份聚氧化丙烯二醇,5~13份双十烷基三甲基氯化铵,30~45份聚乙二醇,30~45份乙醇和40~80份膨润土组成,所述骨架型二芳烯聚合物的结构式为
。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述骨架型二芳烯聚合物的聚合度大于6。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述纳米Na2SiO3的粒径为20nm~80nm,所述膨润土的细度为200目。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述钻井液腔(2)内部设有控温装置,所述控温装置保持钻井液腔(2)内部温度恒定于12~20℃。
8.如权利要求2或3或5或6所述的一种送钻工具,其特征在于:所述活塞头做功产生的最大压力为4个大气压,所述旋转件(12)转动速率为370r/min。
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