CN106083186B - Porous ceramics block, metal-base composites and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Porous ceramics block, metal-base composites and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106083186B CN106083186B CN201610447394.4A CN201610447394A CN106083186B CN 106083186 B CN106083186 B CN 106083186B CN 201610447394 A CN201610447394 A CN 201610447394A CN 106083186 B CN106083186 B CN 106083186B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3241—Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of porous ceramics block, metal-base composites and preparation method thereof, the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry obtains the porous ceramics block after drying, evaporation and sintering processes, in which: the organic foam is polystyrene foam plastics or polyurethane foam plastics；The ceramic slurry is made of ceramic powder, binder and solvent, and the ceramic powder is aluminium oxide or/and chrome green, and the binder is that perhaps the inorganic binder solvent is water or organic solvent to organic binder.The preparation method of porous ceramics block of the invention is simple, the pore size distribution in ceramic block uniformly, the size in hole is easy to control, metal-based compound wear-resistant material is prepared using porous ceramics block of the invention to be more easier, the preparation step of composite abrasion resistance material is simplified, and is more convenient for controlling distribution ceramic in metal base.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of compound material for being applied to crusher, and in particular to a kind of porous ceramics block, Metal Substrate are multiple
Condensation material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
It in metallurgical mine, building materials, builds the road, in chemistry and silicate industry, crusher is the broken capital equipment of material.With
China's rapid development of economy, these industries every year need to by crusher processing material in geometric progression increase, influence brokenly
Broken process it is many because being known as but all associated with the performance of crushing plant.In the crushers such as liner plate, tup, roller and roller tooth
The superiority and inferiority of easy-abrasion part, wearability has a significant impact to the performance of crusher.
Crusher, which develops existing main problem, at present less using abrasion resistance material, crusher manufacturing process water
It puts down poor etc..Crusher often selects conventional rich chromium cast iron, ultra-high manganese steel etc. as wear-resistant material, the wear-resistant material of this quasi-tradition
Due to limited capacity, the time is used frequently with the method extension crusher for regularly replacing wearing piece, it is strong to have thereby resulted in labour
The problems such as degree increase and inefficiency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of porous ceramics block, metal-base composites and preparation method thereof, the present invention
Porous ceramics block preparation method is simple, the pore size distribution in ceramic block uniformly, the size in hole be easy to control, using of the invention
Porous ceramics block prepares metal-based compound wear-resistant material and is more easier, and simplifies the preparation step of composite abrasion resistance material, Er Qiegeng
Convenient for distribution ceramic in control metal base.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of porous ceramics block overworks the organic foam of ceramic slurry through drying, evaporation and sintering processes
After obtain the porous ceramics block, in which:
The organic foam is polystyrene foam plastics or polyurethane foam plastics；
The ceramic slurry is made of ceramic powder, binder and solvent, and the ceramic powder is aluminium oxide or/and three oxygen
Change two chromium, the binder is that perhaps the inorganic binder solvent is water or organic solvent to organic binder.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, include the following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment of the organic foam
The organic foam successively through water, detergent, bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry immersion treatment, obtains pretreated organic foam；
Step 2, the preparation of the ceramic slurry
The ceramic powder, the binder and the solvent are uniformly mixed, the ceramic slurry is obtained, in which: institute
State solvent content be the ceramic slurry total weight 10%-40%, it is preferable that the ceramic powder, the binder and
The weight ratio of the solvent are as follows: ceramic powder: binder: solvent=13: (2-3): (4-6)；
Step 3, hanging is handled: the pretreated organic foam being immersed in the ceramic slurry, is obtained after taking-up
Overwork the organic foam of ceramic slurry；
Step 4, sintering processes: the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry for described is dry, then is evaporated with by organic bubble
Foam evaporates, and is then sintered to the ceramic batch for evaporating organic foam, so that the porous ceramics block is obtained,
In, in sintering processes, the sintering is that the ceramic batch for evaporating organic foam is continuously heating to 700 DEG C -1000 DEG C simultaneously
Keep the temperature 50-60min；Preferably, in the sintering processes, the heating rate is 5-10 DEG C/min.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step 1, include the following steps:
Step 1.1, the organic foam to be impregnated in water, the temperature of water is 80-100 DEG C, soaking time≤two hour,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with detergent,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 is immersed in acid solution, the acid solution it is dense
Degree is 10wt%-20wt%, and soaking time is 6-10 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 is immersed in aqueous slkali, the aqueous slkali it is dense
Degree is 10wt%-20wt%, and soaking time is 6-10 hours；
In the step 2, the granularity of the ceramic powder is 10-40 μm；
In the step 3, the pretreated organic foam immerses the time in the ceramic slurry for 1-3h；
In the step 4, the drying is drying or naturally dry, and the temperature of the drying is 100 DEG C -130 DEG C,
After moisture drying, continue heat preservation 20-40 minutes；
The evaporation is that the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry after drying is warming up to 650 DEG C -750 DEG C and keeps the temperature 50-
60min；Preferably, in the evaporation process, the speed of the heating is 0.5-1 DEG C/min；
The sintering is that the ceramic batch for evaporating organic foam is continuously heating to 700 DEG C -800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 50-
60min。
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the PPI of the polyurethane foam plastics is between 20~30.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, be suspended to the ceramic slurry on the organic foam with a thickness of 1-3mm.
It preferably, in the above preparation method, further include the pre-treatment step for squeezing the organic foam.
It preferably, in the above preparation method, further include the step for removing additional size between the step 3 and step 4
Suddenly, that is, that removes that the step 3 obtains described overworks slurry extra in the organic foam of ceramic slurry；Preferably, using hand
Work rubbing method or mechanical roll-in method remove the extra slurry.
On the other hand, a kind of porous ceramics block prepared using the above method is provided, the PPI of the porous ceramics block exists
Between 20~30.
On the other hand, a kind of metal-base composites is provided, by porous ceramics block according to any one of claims 8 and flows into institute
The metallic matrix stated in the hole of porous ceramics block and formed after the solidification of the molten metal of peripheral part is constituted.
On the other hand, a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned metal-matrix composite material is provided, is included the following steps:
Step 1, the type for the cellular ceramic block being placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, preheated rear casting of molten metal, described
Molten metal is full of in the hole of the porous ceramics block and peripheral part, and pouring temperature is 1500 DEG C -1600 DEG C；
Step 2, cooling and demoulding.
Metal-base composites is using metal or alloy as matrix, using high performance second phase as the composite wood of reinforcement
Material, it can retain the main characteristics of former composition material, and obtain performance not available for stock blend by coincidence effect.With biography
The metal material of system is compared, its specific strength and specific stiffness with higher；Compared with polymer matrix composites, it has excellent again
Thermal conductivity and heat resistance, compared with ceramic material, it again toughness with higher and higher shock resistance.
Using ceramics as reinforcing material, metal be metal matrix ceramic composites made of basis material have specific strength it is high,
The excellent performances such as high, the wear-resistant, high temperature resistant of specific modulus, are applied to crushing plant, can effectively improve grinding apparatus work
Efficiency optimizes comminution operation.
The purpose of the present invention is using porous ceramics as reinforcing material, metal is that, ratio high with specific strength is made in basis material
Modulus is high, the metal matrix ceramic composites of the excellent performances such as wear-resistant, and is applied in crusher.Of the invention is porous
The preparation method of ceramic block is simple, the pore size distribution in ceramic block uniformly, the size in hole be easy to control, using porous pottery of the invention
Porcelain block prepares metal-based compound wear-resistant material and is more easier, and simplifies the preparation step of composite abrasion resistance material, and is more convenient for controlling
Ceramic distribution in metal base processed.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is Foam dipping method pore-forming schematic illustration；
Porous ceramics block tool is there are two types of hole in Fig. 1, one is through-hole made from foamed plastics burning hole (i.e. hanging when it is organic
The hole of unfilled slurry on foam), another kind is the hole left after organic foam evaporates.
Fig. 2 is the hanging effect that polyurethane foam plastics is handled through hot-water soak；
Fig. 3 is hanging effect of the polyurethane foam plastics through hot-water soak, aqueous slkali soaking processing；
Fig. 4 be polyurethane foam plastics through hot-water soak, detergent, acid, alkali immersion treatment hanging effect；
Hanging effect it can be seen from Fig. 2 is into Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 is substantially better than the hanging effect in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the sintering effect using the polyurethane foam plastics compared with the aperture fractional value 0.8mm；
Fig. 6 is the sintering effect using the polyurethane foam plastics in the aperture bigger numerical 5mm；
The sintering effect of Fig. 6 is substantially better than the sintering effect of Fig. 5, i.e. polyurethane foam it can be seen from Fig. 5 is into Fig. 6
Effect is ideal when the aperture of plastics is 5mm, if dead hole, aperture, porosity bottom, if aperture is too big occurs in aperture too little Yi
When, porous ceramics intensity difference is frangible.
Fig. 7 is the sintering effect for the ceramic particle for the use of granularity being 60-150 μm；
Fig. 8 is the sintering effect for the ceramic particle for the use of granularity being 10-40 μm.
From Fig. 7 and 8 as can be seen that the porous ceramics block of Fig. 8 is substantially better than Fig. 7, through-hole rate is significantly higher, sintered more
The surface in the hole of hole ceramic block is more bright and clean, flawless, phenomenon of rupture, has preferable intensity.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application be can be combined with each other.
As shown in Figures 1 to 8, according to an embodiment of the invention, a kind of preparation method of porous ceramics block is provided, by having
Machine foam and ceramic slurry are made, in which:
Organic foam is polystyrene foam plastics or polyurethane foam plastics；
Ceramic slurry is made of ceramic powder, binder and solvent, binder be organic binder or inorganic binder,
Solvent is water or organic solvent.Ceramic powder is the mixture of commercial alumina and chrome green (in other embodiments
In, can also only select the one of which of aluminium oxide and chrome green as ceramic powder)；Inorganic binder be silicate,
One of borate, phosphate, aluminum hydroxide sol and silica solution or several mixtures, it is preferable that inorganic binder
For aluminum phosphate or the mixture of aluminum sulfate and aluminum phosphate；I.e. can be used as water also can be used as organic solvent to solvent, and organic solvent can
With selection such as industrial alcohol.Ceramic slurry needs solid concentration with higher, the content of solvent (water or organic solvent)
The preferably 10%-40% (such as 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%) of ceramic slurry total weight.
The porous ceramics block flawless and through-hole prepared by the preparation method of porous ceramics block provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Uniformly, the aperture of through-hole is preferably 4-6mm (the porous ceramics bulk strength in the aperture is higher) in porous ceramics block, is suitable as gold
The composite material of the reinforcement of metal-matrix composite material, so that metal-base composites can retain the main characteristics of Metal Substrate, and
The performance that original metal_based material does not have is obtained by complex effect.Using porous ceramics block as reinforcing material, metal is matrix
Metal matrix ceramic composites made of material have the excellent performances such as specific strength height, high, the wear-resistant, high temperature resistant of specific modulus, will
It is applied to crushing plant, can effectively improve the working efficiency of crushing plant, optimizes crushing operation.
Further, the preparation method of porous ceramics block includes the following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment of organic foam
Step 1.1, organic foam is impregnated in water, the temperature of water be 80-100 DEG C (such as 85 DEG C, 90 DEG C, 95 DEG C, 98
DEG C), soaking time≤two hour,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with detergent, detergent selection is commercially available to wash
Hand liquid, such as commercially available blue moon board hand cleanser,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 is immersed in acid solution, the concentration of acid solution is
10wt%-20wt% (such as 13wt%, 15wt%, 17wt%, 19wt%), soaking time are 6-10 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 is immersed in aqueous slkali, the concentration of aqueous slkali is
10wt%-20wt% (such as 13wt%, 15wt%, 17wt%, 19wt%), soaking time are 6-10 hours；
It carry out water immersion, washing, acid solution immersion, aqueous slkali leaching than not to organic foam point before coated ceramic slurry
The processing such as bubble are to improve the adhesiveness between organic foam and the ceramic slurry obtained in following step.Sufficiently after washing
Successively there is preferable hanging effect with the organic foam of acid solution, aqueous slkali soaking processing again, hanging is uniform, and hanging amount is suitable
In.Detergent can wash off the impurity on the plastic eyelet muscle surface of organic foam, and can be one during washing rubbing
A little voided films are washed off, and soda acid processing is to make foam be easier to combine with slurry to make foam surface attachment-OH base.
Step 2, the preparation of ceramic slurry
Ceramic powder, binder and solvent are uniformly mixed, the granularity of ceramic powder be 10-40 μm (such as 15 μm, 20 μ
M, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm), i.e., the granularity of the aluminium oxide in ceramic powder and chrome green is 10-40 μm of (such as 15 μm, 20
μm,25μm,30μm,35μm)；Preferred charging sequence is to sequentially add ceramic powder, binder, solvent, and ceramic powder glues
Tie the weight ratio of agent and solvent are as follows: ceramic powder: binder: solvent=13: (2-3): (4-6)；Oxidation in ceramic powder
The weight ratio of aluminium and chrome green is preferred are as follows: aluminium oxide: chrome green=10: 3, the benefit of the ratio setting is slurry
Viscosity is moderate, hanging amount is moderate, intensity is preferable after sintering.
Binder is added in preparing ceramic slurry, is not only facilitated after improving the organic foam drying for overworking ceramic slurry
Intensity, and can prevent the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry from collapsing in organic foam exclusion process, thus after ensure that
The porous ceramics block that continuous sintering step obtains has enough mechanical strengths.Use aluminum phosphate as the ceramic slurry of binder with
The adhesiveness of organic foam matrix is substantially better than the ceramic slurry that aluminum sulfate makees binder.The granularity of ceramic powder is greater than 40 μm
When, the ceramic slurry stability of preparation is poor, has the precipitation of partly precipitated object after a long time placement, and the uniformity of slurry becomes therewith
Difference, and then cause it poor with the adhesiveness of organic foam matrix.Granularity is the ceramic slurry tool of 10-40 μm of ceramic powder preparation
It, will not be there is a phenomenon where being precipitated to precipitate after thering is preferable stability, ceramic slurry long period to place, slurry still keeps uniform
State, preferable with the adhesiveness of organic foam plastic matrix, hanging is uniform, and hanging amount is moderate, and through-hole rate is significantly higher, after sintering
Porous ceramics block hole surface it is more bright and clean, flawless, phenomenon of rupture, have preferable intensity.
Step 3, the organic foam obtained by step 1 is immersed in the ceramic slurry obtained by step 2, soaking time
For 1-3h (such as 1.5h, 1.8h, 2h, 2.3h, 2.8h), the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry is obtained, is coated in organic foam
On the thickness of ceramic slurry be preferably 1-3mm (such as 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.5mm, 2.8mm).Hanging thickness is suitable,
It can guarantee the intensity of porous ceramics block well.
Step 4, it is sintered
Step 4.1, by the organic foam drying for overworking ceramic slurry obtained by step 3 or naturally dry, preferably
It is dried using Muffle furnace, drying temperature is 100 DEG C -130 DEG C (such as 105 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 115 DEG C, 120 DEG C, 125 DEG C), drying
Time two to three hours；Continue to keep the temperature 20-40min (such as 25min, 30min, 35min) after drying, preferably heat preservation 30min；
Ceramic slurry using waterglass be binder when, drying when temperature can not be too high, if the higher waterglass of temperature can be with moisture
Evaporation overflow, organic foam surface formed bulging phenomenon, i.e., ceramic slurry using waterglass be binder when preferably adopt
With carrying out subsequent step again after natural drying.
Step 4.2, the organic foam in the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry obtained by step 4.1 is evaporated, is obtained
To porous ceramics blank, the evaporation is that the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry after drying is warming up to 650 DEG C -750 DEG C (ratios
Such as 670 DEG C, 690 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 720 DEG C, 735 DEG C) and keep the temperature 50-60min (such as 52min, 55min, 58min)；Preferably,
In the evaporation process, the speed of the heating is 0.5-1 DEG C/min.Organic foam 120 DEG C -750 DEG C (such as 200 DEG C,
300 DEG C, 400 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 600 DEG C) in the range of can evaporate, that is to say, that organic foam exists in entire temperature-rise period
Evaporation, the heating-up time is preferably controlled in 1000-1200min (such as 1050min, 1100min, 1150min), if heated up at this time
The evaporation of excessive velocities, organic foam can be very violent, causes sintered skeleton cracked or stomata, so will heat up speed control
System is within the scope of 0.5-1 DEG C/min.In order to guarantee that foam matrix evaporates safely, also need to protect when being warming up to higher temperature
Warm a period of time, make foamed plastics evaporating completely, so by porous ceramics blank in 650 DEG C of -750 DEG C of heat preservation 50-60min.
Step 4.3, the porous ceramics blank high temperature sintering that will be obtained by step 4.2, obtains porous ceramics block, the burning
Knot be will evaporate the ceramic batch of organic foam from evaporation holding temperature be continuously heating to 700 DEG C -1000 DEG C (such as 750 DEG C,
800 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 900 DEG C, 950 DEG C) and keep the temperature 50-60min (such as 52min, 55min, 58min)；Preferably, in the burning
Knot processing when, the heating rate be 3-10 DEG C/min (such as 4 DEG C/min, 5 DEG C/min, 6 DEG C/min, 7 DEG C/min, 8 DEG C/
Min, 9 DEG C/min), it is preferable that by porous ceramics blank from the holding temperature after the evaporation in step 4.2 with 5-10 DEG C/min's
Speed be warming up to 700 DEG C -800 DEG C (such as 720 DEG C, 730 DEG C, 750 DEG C, 770 DEG C, 790 DEG C) and keep the temperature 50-60min (such as
52min,55min,58min)；If heating rate is too fast, will lead to evaporate organic foam ceramic batch it is cracked.
Further, it is preferable to which the PPI of polyurethane foam plastics is between 20~30, for example PPI is 22,25,28 etc., PPI
Numerical expression be per square inch on pore quantity.When such as PPI being 25, per square inch on polyurethane foam plastics
Pore quantity is 25.
Polyurethane foam plastics is made of the aggregated foaming of isocyanates and hydroxy compounds.The value of PPI is 20~30
Between be gross porosity polyurethane foam plastics.Gross porosity polyurethane foam plastics has uniform hole configurations, and hole hole is mutually passed through
Lead to and in open.Gross porosity polyurethane foam plastics generally has splendid elasticity, flexibility, elongation and compressive strength；Change
It is good to learn stability, resistance to many solvents and oils when heating, can largely gasify in 400 DEG C or so gross porosity polyurethane foam plastics,
Peroxide decomposition exotherm occurs mainly in 220-600 DEG C of temperature range, and generates bulk gas.It is 20,25 and it is preferable to use PPI
30 gross porosity polyurethane foam plastics is as matrix.
Selecting the benefit of polyurethane foam plastics of the PPI between 20~30 is:
(1) its be open mesh material, it is ensured that ceramic slurry can free permeation, mutually bonding so that firing after
Porous ceramics block can form stephanoporate framework；
(2) it is with certain hydrophily, being capable of absorbent ceramic slurry securely；
(3) it is with enough resiliences, it is ensured that can promptly return to the original form after squeezing out additional size；
(4) it volatilizees at a temperature of being lower than ceramic firing, and does not pollute ceramics.
When organic foam selects polystyrene foam plastics, polystyrene foam plastics is based on polystyrene resin
Body is added made of the additives such as foaming agent.It is preferred that by block-like polystyrene foam plastics burning hole, i.e., with the iron wire of heating
Through-hole is pierced on each surface in the top to bottom, left and right, front and rear of blocky polystyrene foam plastics, is prepared cellular porous poly-
Styrofoam matrix then proceeds by the processing of above-mentioned steps 1 and every step later.
Further, before step 1.1, further include the steps that squeezing organic foam, air can be excluded, in favor of
The processing of subsequent step 1.1 to 1.4.
Further, between step 3 and step 4, further include the steps that removing additional size, remove what step 3 obtained
Slurry extra in the organic foam of ceramic slurry is overworked, removes additional size using manual rubbing method or mechanical roll-in method.
The purpose for removing additional size is that slurry is evenly distributed and without dead hole in the green body for make organic foam.
The invention also discloses a kind of porous ceramics blocks prepared by the above method, and the aperture PPI of porous ceramics block is 20
Between~30.
The invention also discloses a kind of metal-base composites, by above-mentioned porous ceramics block and flow into the porous ceramics block
It is solidified in hole with the molten metal of peripheral part, molten metal can be the melt of cast steel, cast iron or non-ferrous metal.
The invention also discloses a kind of methods for preparing metal-base composites, include the following steps:
Step 1, the type for cellular ceramic block being placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, is poured after preheated to 1100 DEG C -1200 DEG C
Molten metal, hole and peripheral part of the molten metal full of porous ceramics block, pouring temperature is 1500 DEG C -1600 DEG C.
Step 2, Slow cooling and demoulding；It is cold that Slow cooling can choose furnace, is demoulded after cooling.
The metal-base composites that the embodiment of the present invention obtains has that specific strength is high, specific modulus is high, the Optimalities such as wear-resistant
Can, it is applied to crushing plant, for improving crushing plant working efficiency, optimizes crushing operation, to improve related industries
The economic benefit of department has very important realistic meaning.
Embodiment 1:
Prepare porous ceramics block
Select the polyurethane foam plastics that PPI is 20 as organic foam,
Step 1, the pretreatment of organic foam
Step 1.1, organic foam to be impregnated in water, the temperature of water is 80 DEG C, and soaking time is two hours,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with commercially available blue moon hand cleanser,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 is immersed in acid solution, the concentration of acid solution is
10wt%, soaking time are 6 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 is immersed in aqueous slkali, the concentration of aqueous slkali is
10wt%, soaking time are 6 hours；
Step 2, the preparation of ceramic slurry
Ceramic powder, binder and solvent are uniformly mixed, the average particle size of ceramic powder is 10 μm,
The weight ratio of ceramic powder, binder and solvent are as follows: by average particle size be 10 μm of ceramic powder 65g (aluminium oxide
50g+ chrome green 15g), aluminum phosphate 10g, water 30g is sequentially added into；
Step 3, the organic foam obtained by step 1 is immersed in the ceramic slurry obtained by step 2, soaking time
It is 2 hours, obtains the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry, the coating thickness of ceramic slurry is 1.5mm；
Step 4, it is sintered
Step 4.1, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry Muffle furnace obtained by step 3 is dried two hours, with
Afterwards again in 120 DEG C of heat preservation 30min,
Step 4.2, the porous ceramics blank obtained by step 4.1 is subjected to plastics machine evacuator body, is risen since 120 DEG C
Temperature, heating-up time 1140min make temperature rise to 700 DEG C and keep the temperature 60min, and heating rate is 0.5-0.6 DEG C/min,
Step 4.3, the porous ceramics blank high temperature sintering that will be obtained by step 4.2, starts to warm up sintering from 700 DEG C,
60min is kept the temperature after then proceeding to 30min to 800 DEG C of heating, obtains that intensity is relatively preferable, porous ceramics of the flawless without fracture
Block.
Prepare metal-base composites
The type that above-mentioned porous ceramics block is placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, is preheated to 1100 DEG C, then casting of molten metal,
To the hole and peripheral part for being full of the porous ceramics block, be poured molten steel composition used: C content 0.25%, Si content 1.1%, Mn contain
Amount 0.83%, pouring temperature are 1550 DEG C.This experiment moulding uses roughing sand waterglass Composite modelling, is in order to prevent sample in casting
Product are floated by molten iron, and sample is fixed on cavity bottom.
Embodiment 2:
Prepare porous ceramics block
Select the polyurethane foam plastics that PPI is 23 as organic foam,
Step 1, the pretreatment of organic foam
Step 1.1, organic foam to be impregnated in water, the temperature of water is 90 DEG C, and soaking time is two hours,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with commercially available blue moon hand cleanser,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 being immersed in acid solution, the concentration of acid solution is 10%,
Soaking time is 8 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 being immersed in aqueous slkali, the concentration of aqueous slkali is 10%,
Soaking time is 8 hours；
Step 2, the preparation of ceramic slurry
Ceramic powder, binder and solvent are uniformly mixed, the average particle size of ceramic powder is 20 μm,
The weight ratio of ceramic powder, binder and solvent are as follows: by average particle size be 20 μm of ceramic powder 65g (aluminium oxide
50g+ chrome green 15g), aluminum phosphate 15g, water 20g is sequentially added into；
Step 3, the organic foam obtained by step 1 is immersed in the ceramic slurry obtained by step 2, soaking time
For 2h, the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry is obtained, the coating thickness of ceramic slurry is 3mm；
Step 4, it is sintered
Step 4.1, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry Muffle furnace obtained by step 3 is dried two hours, and
In 120 DEG C of heat preservation 60min,
Step 4.2, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry organic foam therein obtained by step 4.1 is evaporated,
Porous ceramics blank is obtained, 500 DEG C are warming up to from 120 DEG C and keeps the temperature 60min, heating rate is 1-1.1 DEG C/min,
Step 4.3, the porous ceramics blank high temperature sintering that will be obtained by step 4.2,1000 DEG C are warming up to from 500 DEG C simultaneously
60min, heating-up time 60min are kept the temperature, obtain that intensity is relatively preferable, porous ceramics block of the flawless without fracture.
Prepare metal-base composites
The type that above-mentioned porous ceramics block is placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, is preheated to 1100 DEG C, then casting of molten metal,
To the hole for being full of the porous ceramics block, it is poured molten steel composition used: C content 0.20%, Si content 0.5%, Mn content 0.80%,
Ni content 0.30%, Cu content 0.3%, Mo content 0.2%, pouring temperature are 1550 DEG C.This experiment moulding uses roughing sand water glass
Glass Composite modelling is in order to prevent that sample is floated by molten iron in casting, sample is fixed on cavity bottom.
Embodiment 3:
Prepare porous ceramics block
Select the polyurethane foam plastics that PPI is 30 as organic foam,
Step 1, the pretreatment of organic foam
Step 1.1, organic foam to be impregnated in water, the temperature of water is 100 DEG C, and soaking time is two hours,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with commercially available blue moon hand cleanser,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 being immersed in acid solution, the concentration of acid solution is 20%,
Soaking time is 10 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 being immersed in aqueous slkali, the concentration of aqueous slkali is 20%,
Soaking time is 10 hours；
Step 2, the preparation of ceramic slurry
Ceramic powder, binder and solvent are uniformly mixed, the average particle size of ceramic powder is 40 μm,
The weight ratio of ceramic powder, binder and solvent are as follows: by average particle size be 40 μm of ceramic powder 65g (aluminium oxide
50g+ chrome green 15g), aluminum phosphate 7.5g, aluminum sulfate 7.5g, water 30g are sequentially added into；
Step 3, the organic foam obtained by step 1 is immersed in the ceramic slurry obtained by step 2, soaking time
For 2h, the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry is obtained, the coating thickness of ceramic slurry is 1mm；
Step 4, it is sintered
Step 4.1, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry Muffle furnace obtained by step 3 is dried two hours, and
In 120 DEG C of heat preservation 30min,
Step 4.2, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry organic foam therein obtained by step 4.1 is evaporated,
Porous ceramics blank is obtained, evaporating temperature is warming up to 700 DEG C, heating-up time 1140min, heating rate 0.5- from 120 DEG C
0.6 DEG C/min, 700 DEG C of heat preservation 60min,
Step 4.3, the porous ceramics blank high temperature sintering that will be obtained by step 4.2,800 DEG C of guarantors are warming up to from 700 DEG C
Warm 60min, heating-up time 30min, obtain that intensity is relatively preferable, porous ceramics block of the flawless without fracture.
Prepare metal-base composites
The type that above-mentioned porous ceramics block is placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, is preheated to 1100 DEG C, then casting of molten metal,
To the hole for being full of the porous ceramics block, it is poured molten steel composition used: C content 0.6%, Si content 0.6%, Mn content 0.9%, Mo
Content 0.2%, pouring temperature are 1550 DEG C.This experiment moulding uses roughing sand waterglass Composite modelling, is in casting in order to prevent
Sample is floated by molten iron, and sample is fixed on cavity bottom.
Embodiment 4:
Prepare porous ceramics block
Select the polyurethane foam plastics that PPI is 20 as organic foam,
Step 1, the pretreatment of organic foam
Step 1.1, organic foam to be impregnated in water, the temperature of water is 90 DEG C, and soaking time is two hours,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with commercially available blue moon hand cleanser,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 being immersed in acid solution, the concentration of acid solution is 20%,
Soaking time is 8 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 being immersed in aqueous slkali, the concentration of aqueous slkali is 20%,
Soaking time is 80 hours；
Step 2, the preparation of ceramic slurry
Ceramic powder, binder and solvent are uniformly mixed, the average particle size of ceramic powder is 30 μm,
The weight ratio of ceramic powder, binder and solvent are as follows: by average particle size be 40 μm of ceramic powder 65g (aluminium oxide
50g+ chrome green 15g), aluminum phosphate 10g, water 30g is sequentially added into；
Step 3, the organic foam obtained by step 1 is immersed in the ceramic slurry obtained by step 2, soaking time
For 2h, the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry is obtained, the coating thickness of ceramic slurry is 2mm；
Step 4, it is sintered
Step 4.1, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry Muffle furnace obtained by step 3 is dried two hours, and
In 120 DEG C of heat preservation 60min,
Step 4.2, the organic foam for the overworking ceramic slurry organic foam therein obtained by step 4.1 is evaporated,
Porous ceramics blank is obtained, 500 DEG C are warming up to from 120 DEG C and keeps the temperature 60min, heating-up time 360min, heating rate 1-
1.1 DEG C/min,
Step 4.3, the porous ceramics blank high temperature sintering that will be obtained by step 4.2,1000 DEG C are warming up to from 500 DEG C simultaneously
60min, heating-up time 120min are kept the temperature, obtains that intensity is relatively preferable, porous ceramics block of the flawless without fracture.
Prepare metal-base composites
The type that above-mentioned porous ceramics block is placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, is preheated to 1100 DEG C, then casting of molten metal,
To the hole for being full of the porous ceramics block, it is poured molten steel composition used: C content 0.25%, Si content 1.1%, Mn content 0.83%,
Pouring temperature is 1550 DEG C.This experiment moulding uses roughing sand waterglass Composite modelling, is in order to prevent sample by molten iron in casting
Float, sample is fixed on cavity bottom.
For the present invention using ceramics as reinforcing material, metal is that metal matrix ceramic composites made of basis material have than strong
The excellent performances such as height, high, the wear-resistant, high temperature resistant of specific modulus are spent, is applied to crushing plant, crushing plant can be effectively improved
Working efficiency optimizes crushing operation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, it is made it is any modification,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of preparation method of porous ceramics block, which is characterized in that overwork the organic foam of ceramic slurry through drying, evaporation and
The porous ceramics block is obtained after sintering processes, in which:
The organic foam is polystyrene foam plastics or polyurethane foam plastics；
The ceramic slurry is made of ceramic powder, binder and solvent, and the ceramic powder is aluminium oxide or/and three oxidations two
Chromium, the binder are that perhaps the inorganic binder solvent is water or organic solvent to organic binder；
The preparation method includes the following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment of the organic foam
The organic foam successively through water, detergent, bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry immersion treatment, obtains pretreated organic foam；
Step 2, the preparation of the ceramic slurry
The ceramic powder, the binder and the solvent are uniformly mixed, the ceramic slurry is obtained, in which: is described molten
The content of agent is the 10%-40% of the ceramic slurry total weight, the weight of the ceramic powder, the binder and the solvent
Ratio are as follows: ceramic powder: binder: solvent=13: (2-3): (4-6)；
Step 3, hanging is handled: the pretreated organic foam being immersed in the ceramic slurry, is overworked after taking-up
The organic foam of ceramic slurry；
Step 4, sintering processes: the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry is dry, then be evaporated to steam organic foam
Hair falls, and is then sintered to the ceramic batch for evaporating organic foam, to obtain the porous ceramics block；
In the step 1, include the following steps:
Step 1.1, the organic foam to be impregnated in water, the temperature of water is 80-100 DEG C, soaking time≤two hour,
Step 1.2, the organic foam obtained by step 1.1 is washed with detergent,
Step 1.3, the organic foam obtained by step 1.2 is immersed in acid solution, the concentration of the acid solution is
10wt%-20wt%, soaking time are 6-10 hours,
Step 1.4, the organic foam obtained by step 1.3 is immersed in aqueous slkali, the concentration of the aqueous slkali is
10wt%-20wt%, soaking time are 6-10 hours；
In the step 2, the granularity of the ceramic powder is 10-40 μm；
In the step 3, the pretreated organic foam immerses the time in the ceramic slurry for 1-3h；
In the step 4, the drying is drying or naturally dry, and the temperature of the drying is 100 DEG C -130 DEG C, to water
After dividing drying, continue heat preservation 20-40 minutes；
The evaporation is that the organic foam for overworking ceramic slurry after drying is warming up to 650 DEG C -750 DEG C and keeps the temperature 50-60
min；
The sintering is that the ceramic batch for evaporating organic foam is continuously heating to 700 DEG C -800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 50-60min.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step 4, in the sintering processes, the heating rate is 5-10 DEG C/min.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the evaporation process, the speed of the heating is 0.5-1 DEG C/min.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the PPI of the polyurethane foam plastics 20 ~ 30 it
Between.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, be suspended on the organic foam
Ceramic slurry with a thickness of 1-3mm.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein further including by organic bubble before the step 1.1
The pre-treatment step that foam squeezes.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein between the step 3 and step 4, further include remove it is more
The step of remaining slurry material, that is, that removes that the step 3 obtains described overworks slurry extra in the organic foam of ceramic slurry.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that being removed using manual rubbing method or mechanical roll-in method described
Extra slurry.
9. the PPI of the porous ceramics block is 20 ~ 30 using the porous ceramics block of any the method preparation of claim 1-8
Between.
10. a kind of metal-base composites, which is characterized in that by porous ceramics block as claimed in claim 9 and flow into described more
The metallic matrix formed in the hole of hole ceramic block and after the solidification of the molten metal of peripheral part is constituted.
11. the method for preparing metal-base composites described in any one of claim 10, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, the type for the cellular ceramic block being placed in common sand mold is intracavitary, preheated rear casting of molten metal, the metal
Liquid is full of in the hole of the porous ceramics block and peripheral part, and pouring temperature is 1500 DEG C -1600 DEG C；
Step 2, cooling and demoulding.
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| CN110714135A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-21 | 苏州同谊联擎动力科技有限公司 | Preparation method of porous impact-resistant high-temperature alloy material |
| CN113999044B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-08-26 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Porous ceramic plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114349518B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-06-16 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Porous ceramic preform and preparation method thereof, hammer head and preparation method thereof |
| CN115745657B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-07-21 | 江西工陶院精细陶瓷有限公司 | Method for preparing ceramic corrugated structured packing by using chromium slag |
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