CN106075015A - 一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂及制备方法,属中药领域;本发明中药制剂有效成分的原料组成为:笔筒草、白头翁、葱白、单根木、丁香、芙蓉叶、胡枝子、荆芥、莱菔子、梨皮、水茄、蜜柑草、三白草、石榴皮、水皂角和松香;本发明中药制剂所选药材配伍相宜,符合中医药学和现代医药学理论,并具有活血散瘀、宣通鼻窍、消肿排脓之功效,对治疗萎缩性鼻炎具有显著的疗效,且疗程短,见效快,治愈后不复发,安全无毒副作用,能够达到标本兼治的目的,服用方便,成本较低,值得临床上广泛推广应用。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,尤其涉及一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂及制备方法。
背景技术
萎缩性鼻炎是一种发展缓慢的鼻腔慢性炎性疾病,本病女性患者较多,多发于青壮年,健康状况及生活条件差者易患此病,近年来呈现逐渐减少的趋势,其特点是鼻黏膜干燥、萎缩,鼻腔增大,嗅觉障碍,鼻腔内有大量黄绿色脓痂形成,带臭味者称为臭鼻症。
继发性萎缩性鼻炎是由于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎,鼻腔特异性感染,如鼻结核、鼻麻风等和职业长期有害刺激气体接触,黏膜破坏较重,逐步萎缩所致,也可见于鼻腔多次手术或手术不当鼻腔组织切除过多的患者。大多数原发性萎缩性鼻炎原因不明,有下列数种学说:维生素缺乏学说维生素A、B、B2治疗本病,可收到良好效果,故有此说。近年来人民生活改善,国内萎缩性鼻炎发病率大为降低,仅在某些地区有较多本病患者,内分泌功能紊乱因为本病常发生于女性青春期,并在月经期症状加重,可能与性激素分泌紊乱有关,细菌感染学说本病患者鼻分泌物中可培养出类白喉杆菌、臭鼻杆菌、变形杆菌等,故有此学说,但多数学者发现用这些细菌接种试验并不引起本病。遗传学说有时发现一家人同患本病,可能与相同的生活条件和环境有关,是否纯属遗传性疾病,尚缺乏证据;免疫学说近年来研究发现本病患者大多有免疫功能紊乱,故提出本病可能是一种自身免疫病。
症状基于疾病发展的不同时期,症状是多样性的。鼻及鼻咽干燥感:由于鼻黏膜腺体萎缩、分泌减少和长期张口呼吸所致;鼻塞:鼻腔内脓痂阻塞,空气不能通过,或者因为鼻黏膜萎缩,神经感觉迟钝,虽有空气通过,但不能觉察所致;鼻出血:一般出血不多,由于鼻黏膜萎缩变薄和干燥,或因挖鼻和用力擤鼻致毛细血管损伤;头疼、头昏:因鼻黏膜萎缩,过度宽大,鼻腔的调温保湿功能减退,鼻黏膜受大量冷空气的刺激,或因鼻腔内大量脓痂压迫鼻黏膜所致,常表现在前额颞侧和枕部头疼;嗅觉障碍:鼻腔内脓痂堆积,空气中的含气味分子无法到达嗅区,或因嗅黏膜萎缩或嗅神经萎缩而导致嗅觉丧失;恶臭:呼气带特殊的腐烂气味,由于臭鼻杆菌等细菌使鼻内分泌物和结痂内的蛋白质分解而产生的臭气。
目前治疗萎缩性鼻炎的药品主要是消炎药和抗生素,治标不治本,且成本较高,有些药物只能暂时缓解患者的痛苦,而手术和激光治疗,虽能见效快,但痛苦大、易复发、且治疗费用较高,给患者带来了精神和经济负担。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂及制备方法;本发明中药制剂所选药材配伍相宜,符合中医药学和现代医药学理论,并具有活血散瘀、宣通鼻窍、消肿排脓之功效,对治疗萎缩性鼻炎具有显著的疗效,且疗程短,见效快,治愈后不复发,安全无毒副作用,能够达到标本兼治的目的,服用方便,成本较低,值得临床上广泛推广应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案实施如下:
一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂,制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将笔筒草、白头翁、单根木、丁香、芙蓉叶、胡枝子、荆芥、梨皮、水茄和蜜柑草洗净,放入容器内,加入8~10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5~6小时后,煮沸3~4小时,提取;再次加入6~8倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2~3小时,提取;最后,加入4~6倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1~2小时,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.10~1.13的稠膏,备用;
(2)将葱白和松香洗净,浸入5倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡1~2小时,加热提取3小时,回收乙醇,滤过,得滤液,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.13~1.16的稠膏,备用;
(3)将莱菔子置预热炒制容器内,用文火加热,炒至鼓起,有爆裂声,外表色泽加深,内部黄色,并有香气逸出时,取出晾凉,进行捣碎处理,研末,得到过120目的细粉,备用;
(4)将三白草和石榴皮洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(5)将水皂角放入容器内,进行粉碎处理,研末,得到过180目的细粉,备用;
(6)将上述步骤(1)~(5)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液制成胶囊,即得所述的治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂。
本发明所用中药的药性如下:
笔筒草:味甘、苦,性平、微寒,无毒;归心、肝、胃、膀胱经。清肝明目,止血,利尿通淋。主风热感冒,咳嗽,目赤肿痛,云翳,鼻衄,尿血,肠风下血,淋证,黄疸,带下,骨折。《四川中药志》载:“清心火,去潮热,散云翳。治暴发火眼,涩痛,溢泪及目赤肿痛,并疗鼻血。”
白头翁:味苦,性寒;归胃、大肠经。清热解毒,凉血止痢,燥湿杀虫。主治赤白痢疾,鼻衄,崩漏,血痔,寒热温疟,带下,阴痒,湿疹,瘰疬,痈疮,眼目赤痛。《日华子本草》载:“治一切风气及暖腰膝,明目,消赘。子:功用同上。”
葱白:味辛,性温;归肺、胃经。发汗解表,通阳,利尿。用于感冒头痛,鼻塞;外用治小便不利,痈疖肿毒。《纲目》载:“除风湿,身痛麻痹,虫积心痛,止大人阳脱,阴毒腹痛,小儿盘肠内钓,妇人妊娠溺血,通奶汁,散乳痈,利耳鸣,涂猘犬毒。”
单根木:味苦、辛,性凉。清热解毒,止痛,降血压。用于高血压病,咽喉肿痛,风湿关节痛,胃痛,痢疾;外用治乳腺炎,疖肿,毒蛇咬伤。广州部队《常用中草药手册》载:“解毒散结,祛风止痛。治咽喉肿痛,乳腺炎,风湿痛,跌打损伤,胃寒疼痛,高血压。”
丁香:味甘、辛;入胃、肾二经。暖胃,温肾。治胃寒痛胀、呃逆、吐泻、痹痛、疝痛、口臭、牙痛。《日华子本草》载:“治口气,反胃,疗肾气,奔豚气,阴痛,壮阳,暖腰膝,杀酒中药“丁香”实为桃金娘科丁香毒,消痃癖,除冷劳。”
芙蓉叶:味辛、苦,性凉;归肺、肝经。清肺凉血,消肿排脓。用于肺热咳嗽、肥厚性鼻炎、淋巴结炎、阑尾炎、痈疖脓肿、急性中耳炎、烧伤、烫伤。
胡枝子:味辛、微苦,性凉;归心、肝经。润肺清热,利水通淋。治肺热咳嗽,百日咳,鼻衄,淋病。《福建民间草药》载:“润肺解热,利水通淋。”
荆芥:味辛,性微温;归肺、肝经。解表散风,透疹。主治感冒,头痛,麻疹,风疹,疮疡初起。炒炭治便血,崩漏,产后血晕。《滇南本草》载:“治跌打损伤,并敷毒疮。治吐血。荆芥穗,上清头目诸风,止头痛,明目,解肺、肝、咽喉热痛,消肿,除诸毒,发散疮痈。治便血,止女子暴崩,消风热,通肺气鼻窍塞闭。”
莱菔子:味辛、甘,性平;归肺、脾、胃经。主治消食除胀,降气化痰。主治食积气滞,脘腹胀满,嗳气,下痢后重,咳嗽痰多,喘促胸满。《日华子本草》载:“水研服,吐风痰”。
梨皮:味甘、涩,性凉,无毒;归肺、心、肾、大肠经。清心润肺,降火生津,解疮毒。主治暑热烦渴,肺燥咳嗽,吐血,痢疾,疥癣,发背,疔疮。《本草再新》载:“清心降火,滋肾益阴,主津止渴,除烦去湿。”
水茄:味辛,性微凉。散瘀,通经,消肿,止痛,止咳。用于跌打瘀痛,腰肌劳损,胃痛,牙痛,闭经,久咳。《广西药植名录》:“散血,止痛。治咳血,牙痛,无名肿毒。”
蜜柑草:味苦,性寒;归肝、胃经。消食止泻,利胆。主治小便失禁,淋病,黄疸型肝炎,吐血,痢疾;外用治外痔。苏医《中草药手册》载:“清热,明目,健胃,止痢,渗湿,利尿。治蛇咬伤,小儿疳积。并治感冒,眼结膜炎,暑热腹泻,痢疾,夜盲症,尿路感染,尿路结石,肾炎水肿。”
三白草:味甘,辛,性寒;归肺、膀胱经。清热解毒,利尿消肿。用于小便不利,淋沥涩痛,白带,尿路感染,肾炎水肿;外治疮疡肿毒,湿疹。
石榴皮:味酸、涩,性温;归大肠经。涩肠止泻,止血,驱虫。用于久泻,久痢,便血,脱肛,崩漏,白带,虫积腹痛。药理实验表明,石榴皮碱对绦虫有很强的杀灭力,煎剂对白喉杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、史氏及福氏痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、霍乱弧菌,伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌以及结核杆菌等有明显的抑制作用,对堇色毛癣菌、红色表皮癣菌、奥杜盎小孢子菌及星形奴卡菌等皮癣真菌等10种皮癣真菌也具有抑制作用。
水皂角:味甘苦,性寒,无毒;入肝、肾、脾三经;清肝明目,和脾利水。主治目花,夜盲,偏头痛,水肿,脚气,黄疸。《贵州民间方药集》载,“利尿,泻热,镇咳,补肾虚,清心,明日。现代医学研究证实,水皂角全草入药,可治夜盲、眼翳、偏头痛”。
松香:味苦、甘,性温;入肝、脾经。祛风燥湿,生肌止痛,适用于痈疖疮疡,湿疹,外伤出血,烧烫伤。《医学入门》载:“治历节酸痛,生津止渴,固齿,聪耳明目;入滋补药和服,壮阳,实阴茎,令人有子。”
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明中药制剂所选药材配伍相宜,符合中医药学和现代医药学理论,并具有活血散瘀、宣通鼻窍、消肿排脓之功效,对治疗萎缩性鼻炎具有显著的疗效,且疗程短,见效快,治愈后不复发,安全无毒副作用,能够达到标本兼治的目的,服用方便,成本较低,值得临床上广泛推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将笔筒草、白头翁、单根木、丁香、芙蓉叶、胡枝子、荆芥、梨皮、水茄和蜜柑草洗净,放入容器内,加入8~10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5~6小时后,煮沸3~4小时,提取;再次加入6~8倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2~3小时,提取;最后,加入4~6倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1~2小时,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.10~1.13的稠膏,备用;
(2)将葱白和松香洗净,浸入5倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡1~2小时,加热提取3小时,回收乙醇,滤过,得滤液,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.13~1.16的稠膏,备用;
(3)将莱菔子置预热炒制容器内,用文火加热,炒至鼓起,有爆裂声,外表色泽加深,内部黄色,并有香气逸出时,取出晾凉,进行捣碎处理,研末,得到过120目的细粉,备用;
(4)将三白草和石榴皮洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(5)将水皂角放入容器内,进行粉碎处理,研末,得到过180目的细粉,备用;
(6)将上述步骤(1)~(5)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液制成胶囊,即得所述的治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂。
用法用量:口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次2粒(每粒0.5g),饭后温开水送服;7天为1个疗程,2~3个疗程即可痊愈,病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
实施例2
本发明中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本实施例的中药制剂制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本实施例的中药制剂制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本发明中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本实施例的中药制剂制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例5
本发明中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本实施例的中药制剂制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料:
1、病例选择:
作为治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂,选择确诊的萎缩性鼻炎患者140例临床观察,病人随机分成治疗组和对照组两组,治疗组70例,其中男性35例,女性35例,年龄20~61岁,平均年龄40.5岁,平均病程10年;对照组70例,其中男性35例,女性35例,年龄21~60岁,平均年龄40.5岁,平均病程10年。
治疗组和对照组两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、药物选择:
治疗组服用本发明中药制剂,口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次2粒,饭后温开水送服;7天为1个疗程,2~3个疗程即可痊愈,病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
对照组服用千柏鼻炎片,口服,一次3~4片,一日3次,疗程视病情而定。
3、疗效判定:
(1)治愈:鼻黏膜干燥、萎缩,鼻腔增大,嗅觉障碍等症状全部消失,鼻功能恢复正常。
(2)显效:上述症状明显减轻,鼻功能明显好转。
(3)有效:上述症状有所减轻,鼻功能有所好转。
(4)无效:通过治疗后上述症状无减轻或加重。
4、结果:
选用本发明中药制剂的治疗组中,治愈39例,显效18例,有效11例,无效2例,治愈率55.7%,总有效率97.1%。
对照组中治愈36例,显效15例,有效7例,无效12例,治愈率51.4%,总有效率82.9%。
以上结果显示,治疗组的治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
典型病例举例:
1、赵某,女,23岁,湖南怀化人。患者患有萎缩性鼻炎,伴有鼻塞头闷,使用过几种药物治疗,未见任何好转,经朋友介绍来我院就诊,服用本发明中药制剂治疗,服用1个疗程后,症状有所好转,服用2个疗程后,痊愈,1年后随访无复发。
2、吴某,女,30岁,辽宁鞍山人。患者自诉鼻塞、鼻痒、喷嚏、流泪、流清涕、反复发作2年余,经多家医院确诊患萎缩性鼻炎,用过不少中西药治疗,但时轻时重,反反复复,未能彻底治愈,经服用本发明中药制剂治疗,服用1个疗程后,症状有所好转,继续服用2个疗程后,症状消失,痊愈,随访至今未复发。
3、罗某,男,26岁,天津河西区人。患者每遇冷风即流清水样鼻涕,继而鼻塞不通,喷嚏不止,嗅觉减退,伴畏寒、头痛头昏,在医院诊断为萎缩性鼻炎,曾用中成药治疗终不愈,经人介绍来我院就诊,给予本发明中药制剂治疗,服用1个疗程后,症状有所控制,病情明显好转,服用3个疗程后,萎缩性鼻炎彻底痊愈,2年后随访无复发。
4、郑某,女,34岁,江西南昌人。患者患萎缩性鼻炎2年余,每因接触冷空气和刺激性气味而加重,就诊时症见鼻塞,打喷嚏,大量清水鼻涕,鼻痒,气短懒言,时有畏风怕冷,检查见鼻黏膜肿胀呈桑葚样,颜色淡紫,舌质淡、苔薄,舌下脉络紫暗,脉弱,使用药物治疗,未见任何好转,后服用本发明中药制剂治疗,服用2个疗程后,症状明显好转,继续服用3个疗程后,痊愈,2年后电话随访无复发。
5、宋某,男,35岁,福建福州人。患者患有萎缩性鼻炎,伴有耳鸣头痛,用过多种药物治疗,未见起色,后来我院就诊,服用本发明中药制剂治疗,服用1个疗程后,症状有所缓解,继续服用2个疗程后,症状全部消失,痊愈,回访至今未复发。
6、董某,男,40岁,河北承德人。患者自诉头痛、头晕、脑胀,午后加重,伴鼻塞,嗅觉减弱,偶有鼻流黄涕,去医院就诊,诊断患萎缩性鼻炎,曾先后经中西医治疗,症状时轻时重,目下病情渐重,经人介绍服用本发明中药制剂治疗,服用1个疗程后,症状明显好转,服用2个疗程后,症状消失,痊愈,半年后随访无复发。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂,其特征在于:制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
笔筒草21~39份 白头翁20~38份 葱白20~38份 单根木19~37份
丁香18~36份 芙蓉叶18~36份 胡枝子17~35份 荆芥16~34份
莱菔子16~34份 梨皮15~33份 水茄15~33份 蜜柑草13~31份
三白草11~29份 石榴皮9~28份 水皂角9~28份 松香8~26份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂,其特征在于:制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
笔筒草24~36份 白头翁23~35份 葱白23~35份 单根木22~34份
丁香21~33份 芙蓉叶21~33份 胡枝子20~32份 荆芥19~31份
莱菔子19~31份 梨皮18~30份 水茄18~30份 蜜柑草16~28份
三白草14~26份 石榴皮13~25份 水皂角13~25份 松香11~23份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂,其特征在于:制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
笔筒草27~33份 白头翁26~32份 葱白26~32份 单根木25~31份
丁香24~30份 芙蓉叶24~30份 胡枝子23~29份 荆芥22~28份
莱菔子22~28份 梨皮21~27份 水茄21~27份 蜜柑草19~25份
三白草17~23份 石榴皮16~22份 水皂角16~22份 松香14~20份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂,其特征在于:制成所述中药制剂有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
笔筒草30份 白头翁29份 葱白29份 单根木28份
丁香27份 芙蓉叶27份 胡枝子26份 荆芥25份
莱菔子25份 梨皮24份 水茄24份 蜜柑草22份
三白草20份 石榴皮19份 水皂角19份 松香17份。
5.一种如权利要求1~4任一项所述治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将笔筒草、白头翁、单根木、丁香、芙蓉叶、胡枝子、荆芥、梨皮、水茄和蜜柑草洗净,放入容器内,加入8~10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5~6小时后,煮沸3~4小时,提取;再次加入6~8倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2~3小时,提取;最后,加入4~6倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1~2小时,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.10~1.13的稠膏,备用;
(2)将葱白和松香洗净,浸入5倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡1~2小时,加热提取3小时,回收乙醇,滤过,得滤液,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.13~1.16的稠膏,备用;
(3)将莱菔子置预热炒制容器内,用文火加热,炒至鼓起,有爆裂声,外表色泽加深,内部黄色,并有香气逸出时,取出晾凉,进行捣碎处理,研末,得到过120目的细粉,备用;
(4)将三白草和石榴皮洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(5)将水皂角放入容器内,进行粉碎处理,研末,得到过180目的细粉,备用;
(6)将上述步骤(1)~(5)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液制成胶囊,即得所述的治疗萎缩性鼻炎的中药制剂。
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