CN106070590A - A kind of method of hybrid rice seeds stage drying - Google Patents

A kind of method of hybrid rice seeds stage drying Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106070590A
CN106070590A CN201610443431.4A CN201610443431A CN106070590A CN 106070590 A CN106070590 A CN 106070590A CN 201610443431 A CN201610443431 A CN 201610443431A CN 106070590 A CN106070590 A CN 106070590A
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China
Prior art keywords
drying
seed
dried
paragraph
mechanical
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CN201610443431.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘爱民
张海清
廖翠猛
何菊英
易图华
张青
陈翠容
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
YUAN LONGPING HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE Co Ltd
HUNAN LONGPING SEED INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Hunan Agricultural University
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YUAN LONGPING HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE Co Ltd
HUNAN LONGPING SEED INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Hunan Agricultural University
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Application filed by YUAN LONGPING HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE Co Ltd, HUNAN LONGPING SEED INDUSTRY Co Ltd, Hunan Agricultural University filed Critical YUAN LONGPING HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610443431.4A priority Critical patent/CN106070590A/en
Publication of CN106070590A publication Critical patent/CN106070590A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B9/00Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/08Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method that the invention discloses hybrid rice seeds stage drying, described stage drying method includes two sections of mechanical dryings, first paragraph mechanical drying: utilize dehydrator to be dried to water content less than 18% in 20 hours ± 2 hours by the seed after harvesting threshing, then seed is removed from described dehydrator, temporarily preserve less than 7 days, complete the first paragraph mechanical drying of seed;Or gather in and dry field each batch seed the most again, until field seed all gathers in and completes described first paragraph mechanical drying.Second segment mechanical drying: be re-introduced into by the seed after first paragraph mechanical drying or be re-introduced into described dehydrator in batches, being dried to its moisture is 12% ± 0.5%, until completing the dried of whole seed.Hybrid rice seeds can fast and safely be gathered in dry in shorter hybrid rice seeds harvesting is dried the phase by the method for the invention from field, significantly improves the use/work efficiency of separate unit dehydrator simultaneously and reduces energy consumption, and ensureing seed vitality and germination percentage.

Description

A kind of method of hybrid rice seeds stage drying
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, a kind of method being specifically related to hybrid rice seeds stage drying.
Background technology
Along with Chinese society's expanding economy and the reform of agricultural production system, traditional small-scale in units of family Mode of agriculture will progressively develop into fairly large Agriculture Production Modes, and hybrid rice seeds produces no exception, will Developing to scale, mechanization, intensive, standardization direction, the method that hybrid rice seeds is dried also will be shone from conventional cement The method of field (or shining pad) dry in the sun develops to the method for mechanical drying.And crop seeds is a kind of vital special business Product, it is necessary to keep its vitality, the germination percentage national standard of crop seeds is 80%, hybrid rice seeds because of its particularity, It is more fragile that its vitality compares conventional rice seed, meets extreme climate and condition Chang Yi loses vigor, deterioration occurs, reduce and germinate Rate.So hybrid rice seeds needs the highest more preferable drying condition, such as harvesting, rapid draing the most early.
Hybrid rice seeds harvesting is dried and has the following characteristics that harvest time early (harvesting during Maturity 80%), seed aqueous Amount high (more than 28%), harvest time short (3-5 days), harvest yield are big, rapid draing (in 2-3 days, moisture is dried to 12%).
Existing hybrid rice seeds drying means has two kinds:
The first is traditional threshing ground (or shining pad) natural drying method, relies on the heat energy dry seed of the sun, this method It is suitable for small-scale production in units of family.Require after seed shatter, to spread seed out dry in the sun in 3-4 hour, continuously Dry in the sun 2-3 days, is 12% to moisture.But the method is limited by threshing ground area and weather, it is impossible to carry out a large amount of seed Rapid draing in a short time, once meets overcast and rainy and shower weather, just cannot will seal and go mouldy, not by heap the seed of dry in the sun, threshing The harvesting seed in field will head sprouting, affect percentage of seedgermination, is to face in the production of current hybrid rice seeds Big quality risk.
The second is the low temperature grain drying machine seasoning in recent years used, and can be selected for cross-flow type or mixed flow tower low temperature corn Dehydrator, after seed shatter in 5 hours, enters dehydrator continuous oven drying more than 40 hours, just can be dried to seed moisture content content 12%.The method required time is long, and the cross-flow type dehydrator of every 12T can only dry the kind of 7000kg about 40 mu 2 days 2 nights Son, as, when the production of scale hybrid rice seeds has a large amount of seed to be dried, having increase dehydrator quantity only, just can ensure that Institute is seed-bearing to be fast and safely dried.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the existing machinery oven drying method separate unit inefficient problem of drying machine drying seed, propose one hybridization water The method of rice stage drying, specifically, the method is divided into Two stage dryer seed, and the method is dried in shorter seed harvesting In time, the drying efficiency of separate unit dehydrator is significantly improved, and ensure seed vitality and germination percentage.
Concrete, the present invention provides a kind of method of hybrid rice seeds stage drying, and it disposably or in batches gathers in Field seed, uses low temperature grain drying machine to carry out stage drying, and described stage drying method includes two sections of mechanical dryings, specifically As follows:
First paragraph mechanical drying: the seed after harvesting threshing was dried through 20 hours ± 2 hours in low temperature grain drying machine Do to water content less than 18%, then seed is removed from described dehydrator, temporarily preserve less than 7 days, complete seed First paragraph mechanical drying;Or gather in and dry field each batch seed the most again, until field seed all gathers in and completes institute State first paragraph mechanical drying;
Second segment mechanical drying: the seed after first paragraph mechanical drying is re-introduced into or is re-introduced into described baking in batches Dry machine, being dried to its moisture is 12% ± 0.5%, until completing the dried of whole seed.
The present invention preferably carries out second segment mechanical drying successively according to the lot sequence of first paragraph mechanical drying.
In 20 hours ± 2 hours, seed moisture content is dried to less than 18% for ensureing that first paragraph is dried, need to be according to seed When entering dehydrator, initial water content is to regulate and control drying temperature, dries temperature 42~50 DEG C of regulation and control.
During first paragraph mechanical drying, drying to water content is 16%~18%, preferably 18%.The present invention is by During one section of mechanical drying, the control of terminal water content obtains GB4401.1-while can assist in and guaranteeing to take into account drying efficiency The qualified above seed of percentage of seedgermination of 2008 regulations.
Additionally, the present invention to by during first paragraph mechanical drying terminal water content control (water content be 16%~ 18%, preferably 18%), it is found surprisingly that its efficiency being conducive to improving second segment mechanical drying, the most more rapid general more energy efficiently The water content of seed is dried to 12% from 18%.
Method of the present invention, gathers in batches by hybrid rice, and with reasonable arrangement drying course, described divides Batch harvesting is preferably a point 3-6 batch and gathers in, and gathers in a batch every day, and every batch harvesting seed amount is according to dehydrator Quantity can be dried determine.
Method of the present invention, described first paragraph mechanical drying terminates preferred 5-7 days of the rear holding time (preferably 6 days), To guarantee that the seed through first paragraph mechanical drying will not occur deterioration during placing, it is ensured that Seed Vitality.Meanwhile, to upper State the conservative control of holding time, be equally beneficial for improving the efficiency of second segment mechanical drying.
Method of the present invention, when hybrid rice can disposably complete harvesting, is equally applicable to of the present invention Stage drying method, and practice find, after first paragraph mechanical drying terminates, by removing from described dehydrator, of short duration Preserve and unexpectedly can improve the efficiency of second segment mechanical drying, such as: disposably by certain batch seed one that water content is 31% Secondary property harvesting after, according to the method for not stage drying, be baked to 12% need time-consuming more than 50 hours;And it is identical Under the conditions of seed and dehydrator, according to stage drying, first through first paragraph mechanical drying, water content is dried to 18% from 31%, then Remove from dehydrator, after of short duration preservation 6 days, though the water content of seed itself will not occur reality when starting second segment mechanical drying Qualitative change, but it is surprised to find that the time that can substantially shorten second segment mechanical drying (generally can shorten second segment mechanical drying Time be up to about 40%), effectively reduce energy consumption.
And when hybrid rice need to complete harvesting in batches, it is possible not only to shorten the time of second segment mechanical drying, reduce Energy consumption, it is also possible to improve harvesting efficiency further, realize under limited dehydrator equipment condition in a short time by seed from field Quickly gather in the crops.
Low temperature grain drying machine of the present invention is cross-flow type or mixed flow tower low temperature grain drying machine, to guarantee preferably Harvesting/drying course.
The method of the present invention, the harvesting amount of first seed described is preferably the laden weight of described low temperature grain drying machine 60%~100%, to further ensure that efficiency.
The present invention by hybrid rice seeds after field shelling to the mistake that moisture is 12% ± 0.5% (preferably 12%) Journey, is divided into 2 sections and completes, and by terminal and the suitable holding time of conservative control first paragraph mechanical drying, can realize field Being dried safely and fast of seed, can gather in the crops safely (raising harvesting efficiency) substantial amounts of seed in the short period of time from field, Significantly improve the use/work efficiency of low temperature grain drying machine, realize planting in a short time under limited dehydrator equipment condition Son is quickly gathered in the crops from field.
The method of the invention is particularly suited for seed harvesting and is dried phase chance rainfall and shower weather, and dehydrator quantity has Limit, and use when having a large amount of seed to gather in dry in a short time, seed can be realized and the most fast and safely gather in dry, Reduce loss, reduce energy consumption, guarantee percentage of seedgermination simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following example are used for illustrating this Invention, but it is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, all scientific and technical terminologies used in the present invention have with those skilled in the art of the invention's It is generally understood that identical implication.
Wherein, term used in the present invention " rice paddy seed is dried ": be by harvesting threshing seed use ventilate, The way heated, makes seed moisture content content be reduced to the process of about 12%.
Term used in the present invention " percentage of seedgermination ": refer to that rice paddy seed is (enough moisture, suitable under certain conditions Preferably temperature, enough air and the regular hour) every 100 seeds have the seed grain rate of normal root stem and leaf.
Term used in the present invention " seed safety is dried ": refer to that seed can keep percentage of seedgermination 80% after drying Above is dried.Seed rapid draing: refer to make the seed of large-scale production realize safety within the shortest time dry Dry.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of hybrid rice seeds stage drying method, specific as follows:
Dry kind: 1892S/R1813 (emblem two excellent 1813),
Drying time: JIUYUE in 2014 25 days-October 2
First paragraph mechanical drying: select the tower low temperature grain drying machine (SUN, Taiwan, the place of production, power 6.5KW) that flows over, The seed that the water content of harvesting is 31% is loaded dehydrator, drying temperature is controlled at 45 DEG C, after drying 21.5 hours, seed Water content is about 18%, is then removed from described dehydrator by the seed of this batch, carries out short-term (6 days) and preserves, to vacate The seed drying field harvesting robbed by described dehydrator;
Second segment mechanical drying: described dehydrator will be re-introduced into through first seed described in first paragraph mechanical drying, By the temperature of 42 DEG C, being dried to its moisture is 12%, must complete the dried of seed.
Wet seed weight when entering dehydrator in the present embodiment is 9440 kilograms, and dry seeds is 7520 kilograms, when always drying Between be 38.5 hours, fuel consumption 320L, power consumption 492 degree, seed average germination percentage is 92.5%, the germination of natural drying Rate is 91.5%, and the seed in sun-drenched hot weather natural drying equivalent weight need to expend more than 2 days.
Additionally, the drying means described in employing the present embodiment, time-consuming 38.5 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, equal bar are dried Under part, if not using stage drying, drying time-consuming 46.5 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, i.e. having used stage drying method, though nothing Need segmentation to gather in seed, can significantly shorten the drying cycle too, improve the work efficiency of dehydrator, reduce energy consumption.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of hybrid rice seeds stage drying method, specific as follows:
Dry kind: C two excellent 608
Drying time: August in 2012 31 days-JIUYUE 3 days
First paragraph mechanical drying: select the tower low temperature grain drying machine (SUN, Taiwan, the place of production, power 6.5KW) that flows over, The seed that first water content is 32.5% of harvesting is entered dehydrator, dries temperature and control at 46 DEG C, dry 20.5 hours It is about 16.5% to its water content, then the seed of this batch is removed from described dehydrator, carry out short-term (7 days) and preserve standby With;
Second segment mechanical drying: the seed through first paragraph mechanical drying is re-introduced into described dehydrator, is dried to its moisture Content is 12%, completes the dried of seed.
In the present embodiment, seed weight is 6850 kilograms, and total drying time is 38 hours, consumes diesel oil 296L, power consumption 474 Degree, roasted grain germination percentage is 87.2%, and the germination percentage of the seed of the same kind of natural drying is 83.6%, sunny Hot weather natural drying equivalent weight seed need time-consuming more than 2 days.
Additionally, the drying means described in employing the present embodiment, time-consuming 38 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, equal conditions are dried Under, if not using stage drying, having dried time-consuming 49 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, i.e. having used stage drying method, even if without point Section harvesting seed, can significantly shorten the drying cycle too, improve the work efficiency of dehydrator, reduce energy consumption.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiments provide a kind of hybrid rice seeds stage drying method, specific as follows:
Drying kind: Liangyou0293
Drying time: 16 days-JIUYUE of JIUYUE in 2014 24 days
First paragraph mechanical drying: select the tower low temperature grain drying machine that flows over (SUN dehydrator, Taiwan product, power 6.5KW), the seed that first water content is 29.5% of harvesting is entered dehydrator, dry temperature and control at 48-50 DEG C, dry Do and be about 17.5% to its water content in 20.5 hours, then the seed of this batch is removed from described dehydrator, carry out short-term (5 days) save backup;Gather in second and third batch of seed (all having gathered in) in field the most successively, and carry out the in time successively One section of mechanical drying;
Second segment mechanical drying: by all seeds (first, second batch, the 3rd batch) through first paragraph mechanical drying again Introducing described dehydrator successively to dry in three batches, being dried to its moisture is 12%, completes the dried of whole seed.
In the present embodiment, seed weight is 20490 kilograms, and total drying time is 116 hours, consumes diesel oil 875L, power consumption 1420 degree.Roasted grain germination percentage is 89%, and the germination percentage of the seed of the same kind of natural drying is 88%, sunny The seed of hot weather natural drying equivalent weight need to expend more than 2 days.
Additionally, the drying means described in employing the present embodiment, time-consuming 116 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, equal bar are dried Under part, if not using stage drying, drying time-consuming 143.5 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, i.e. having used stage drying method, not only may be used In the notable shortening drying cycle, improve the work efficiency of dehydrator, reduce energy consumption, moreover it is possible to improve harvesting efficiency, in limited drying Realize under machine equipment condition quickly being gathered in the crops from field by seed in a short time.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example relate to a kind of only with a step mechanical drying method to the method being dried hybrid rice seeds.
Drying kind is excellent No. 1 of Y two, and drying time is in JIUYUE, 2012 16-18 day.
Concretely comprise the following steps: select the tower low temperature grain drying machine (SUN, Taiwan, the place of production, power 6.5KW) that flows over, will receive The water content cut is 9050 kilograms of baked seeds 53 hours of 30.8%, is about 12% to seed moisture content.
In this comparative example, seed weight is 7190 kilograms, and total drying time is 53 hours, consumes diesel oil 382L, power consumption 520 Degree, percentage of seedgermination is 88%.
Use a step mechanical drying method, dry time-consuming 53 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, under equal conditions, according to strictly according to the facts Execute segmentation described in example 1 to dry, dried time-consuming about 45 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, i.e. used stage drying method, can be notable Shorten the drying cycle, improve the work efficiency of dehydrator, reduce energy consumption.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example relate to a kind of only with a step mechanical drying method to the method being dried hybrid rice seeds.
Drying kind is three liang excellent 1813, and drying time is in JIUYUE, 2014 15-17 day.
Concretely comprise the following steps: select the tower low temperature grain drying machine (SUN, Taiwan, the place of production, power 6.5KW) that flows over, will receive The water content cut is 10010 kilograms of baked seeds 60 hours of 30.8%, is about 12% to seed moisture content.
In this comparative example, seed weight is 8000 kilograms, and total drying time is 60 hours, consumes diesel oil 372L, power consumption 520 Degree, germination percentage is 90%.
Dry according to segmentation as described in Example 1, dried time-consuming about 53 hours of the seed of above-mentioned amount, i.e. used Stage drying method, can significantly shorten the drying cycle, improves the work efficiency of dehydrator, reduces energy consumption.
Analyzing above-mentioned comparative example to understand, the present invention is by by hybrid rice seeds to moisture being after field shelling The process of 12% ± 0.5% (preferably 12%), is divided into 2 sections and completes, by the terminal of conservative control first paragraph mechanical drying and The suitably holding time, being dried safely and fast of field seed can be realized, can in the short period of time substantial amounts of seed from field Between safety results (raising harvesting efficiency), significantly improve the use/work efficiency of low temperature grain drying machine, at limited dehydrator Realize under equipment condition quickly being gathered in the crops from field by seed in a short time.
The method of the invention is particularly suited for seed harvesting and is dried phase chance rainfall and shower weather, and dehydrator quantity has Limit, and use when having a large amount of seed to gather in dry in a short time, seed can be realized and the most fast and safely gather in dry, Reduce loss, reduce energy consumption, guarantee percentage of seedgermination simultaneously.
Although, the present invention is described in detail to have used general explanation and specific embodiment, but at this On the basis of invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the method for a hybrid rice seeds stage drying, it is characterised in that disposably or in batches gather in field seed, make Drying with low temperature grain drying machine, described stage drying method includes two sections of mechanical dryings, specific as follows:
First paragraph mechanical drying: the seed after harvesting threshing was dried extremely through 20 hours ± 2 hours in low temperature grain drying machine Water content less than 18%, then removes seed from described dehydrator, temporarily preserves less than 7 days, completes the first of seed Section mechanical drying;Or gather in and dry field each batch seed the most again, until field seed all gathers in and completes described One section of mechanical drying;
Second segment mechanical drying: the seed after first paragraph mechanical drying is re-introduced into or is re-introduced into described drying in batches Machine, being dried to its moisture is 12% ± 0.5%, until completing the dried of whole seed.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drying temperature of first paragraph mechanical drying is at 42~50 DEG C of tune Control.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that during first paragraph mechanical drying, drying to water content is 16%~18%.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that during first paragraph mechanical drying, drying to water content is 18%.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described harvesting in batches is gathered in for a point 3-6 batch, Gathering in a batch every day, every batch harvesting seed amount can be dried quantity according to dehydrator and be determined.
6. according to the method described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described first paragraph mechanical drying preserves after terminating 5-7 days time.
Method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described first paragraph mechanical drying terminates 6 days rear holding times.
8. according to the method described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described low temperature grain drying machine be cross-flow type or Mixed flow tower low temperature grain drying machine.
9. according to the method described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described first paragraph dries the receipts of every batch of seeds The amount of cutting is the 60%-100% of described low temperature grain drying machine laden weight.
CN201610443431.4A 2016-06-20 2016-06-20 A kind of method of hybrid rice seeds stage drying Pending CN106070590A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108834470A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-20 安徽省金海种业有限公司 A kind of drying means of rice paddy seed
CN108834471A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-20 安徽省金海种业有限公司 A kind of stage drying method of rice paddy seed
CN113639531A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-12 安徽金锡机械科技有限公司 Hot air supply system for grain drying machine and grain drying machine

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
冯淑艳等: "机械烘干对小麦种子发芽率的影响", 《现代化农业》 *
刘爱民等: "杂交水稻全程机械化制种技术研究初步进展", 《杂交水稻》 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108834470A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-20 安徽省金海种业有限公司 A kind of drying means of rice paddy seed
CN108834471A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-20 安徽省金海种业有限公司 A kind of stage drying method of rice paddy seed
CN113639531A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-12 安徽金锡机械科技有限公司 Hot air supply system for grain drying machine and grain drying machine
CN113639531B (en) * 2021-08-25 2022-09-16 安徽金锡机械科技有限公司 Hot air supply system for grain drying machine and grain drying machine

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