CN106066310B - A kind of aerosol phase function observation system and its observation method - Google Patents
A kind of aerosol phase function observation system and its observation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106066310B CN106066310B CN201610393228.0A CN201610393228A CN106066310B CN 106066310 B CN106066310 B CN 106066310B CN 201610393228 A CN201610393228 A CN 201610393228A CN 106066310 B CN106066310 B CN 106066310B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/061—Sources
- G01N2201/06113—Coherent sources; lasers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aerosol phase function observation system and its observation methods.Aerosol phase function observation system of the invention includes: laser emission element, ligh trap, nephelometer, scattered signal receiver and computer；Nephelometer is installed in the lower section of laser beam, measurement obtains aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient；Side and position identical with laser beam height installation scattered signal receiver in laser beam；The signal that the present invention is obtained using CCD camera is in conjunction with the aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient that nephelometer measures, obtain aerosol phase function, the scattered information that different angle can be obtained simultaneously, avoids aerosol scattering property and changes with time and impact to result；Observation system of the invention is simple and effective, and cost is relatively low, provides new technological means for the observation of aerosol phase function, the inverting for remote sensing observations aerosol optical characteristics pertinent instruments provides support.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric sounding techniques, and in particular to a kind of aerosol phase function observation system and its observation method.
Background technique
Aerosol is suspended in the fine particle in air, is usually called as Atmospheric particulates.When radiation is big
It, be by the scattering of the different components such as gas, aerosol in atmosphere, intensity, transmission direction and polarization shape when being transmitted in gas
State etc. can all generate variation.In most cases, since solar radiation is natural light, the scattering light in atmosphere axisymmetricly divides
Cloth.Therefore, this distribution can be described with single plane angle, 0 degree of expression scattering light and the consistent forward direction of incident light direction
Scattering, 180 degree indicate the back scattering contrary with incident light of scattering light, and scattering the angle between light and incident light is to dissipate
Firing angle.Phase function is defined as describing the physical quantity of distribution of the scattered light intensity in different angle of scatterings.
In recent years, there are some researchs to build the instrument of observation aerosol phase function, and carried out laboratory experiment and outfield
Observation experiment.Light source used by these instruments is all laser, because only that the small laser of dispersion angle can meet measurement
The needs of phase function.
The first design is to install a photomultiplier tube on the robotic arm, makes it in laser institute planar around light
A little rotating in road, to receive the scattered signal of different angle of scatterings；Second of design is to make gas circuit perpendicular to optical path, and cross
In a bit, many photodiodes are planar then installed in laser around this point, each photodiode receives
The scattered signal of different angle of scatterings；The third design is allowed same by placing parabolic type reflecting mirror in two sides beside optical path
The light that point is scattered to different angle converges at a bit new again after two-face mirror.It is rotatable that one side is placed in the point
The scattered signal of different angle of scatterings is reflected into photomultiplier tube by flat mirror by rotating the angle of the mirror；4th kind of design be
Side opening passes through optical path in an ellipsoidal mirror, scatters to light on ellipsoidal mirror after reflection, arrives by a pipeline
Up to photomultiplier tube, and by rotating the pipeline, the scattered light signal of different angle of scatterings can be made to reach photoelectricity times after reflection
Increase in pipe.These researchs about aerosol phase function, have plenty of and are tested in laboratory to particulate, had
Be in aircraft observation for observe partial size far beyond particulate be big water dust and ice crystal, without be used for aerosol outfield
In observation.
Summary of the invention
For the above the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of aerosol phase function observation system and its
Observation method, while different angle aerosol scattering light is detected to obtain aerosol phase function, reduce system complexity and drops simultaneously
Low instrument cost.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aerosol phase function observation systems.
Aerosol phase function observation system of the invention includes: that laser emission element, ligh trap, nephelometer, scattered signal connect
Receive device and computer；Wherein, laser emission element launches the continuous laser of horizontal direction；Light is installed in the end of laser beam
Trap, to absorb remaining laser；Nephelometer is installed in the lower section of laser beam, turbidimetric air inlet is directed at laser beam, and measurement obtains
Aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient；Laser beam side and position identical with laser beam height install scattered signal connect
Receive device；Scattered signal receiver includes wide-angle lens, Excitation Filter with High and CCD camera, and wide-angle lens is by laser beam in wide scope
Scattering light convergence through gas and aerosol scattering in atmosphere, after Excitation Filter with High filters, receives optical signal by CCD camera
And it is converted into electric signal；Nephelometer and CCD camera are respectively connected to computer；The signal and nephelometer that CCD camera obtains measure
The aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient arrived combines, and obtains aerosol phase function.
Laser emission element includes solid state laser and frequency-doubling crystal；Solid state laser is using solid laser material as hair
Stimulative substance, the laser of sending become the laser of frequency multiplication after frequency-doubling crystal, and laser beam issues in the horizontal direction.
Wide-angle lens, Excitation Filter with High and CCD camera constitute scattered signal receiver, and Excitation Filter with High is mounted on wide-angle lens
Between head and CCD camera；Wide-angle lens uses isometric projection method, the i.e. solid angle of subject and its shared area on picture
It is directly proportional, the scattering light in wide scope is converged；The unwanted background signal of data analysis institute is filtered through Excitation Filter with High；By
CCD camera, which receives, passes through next scattered light signal of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering of wide-angle lens convergence and imaging, every in CCD camera
A pixel generates charge after receiving photon respectively, and is converted into electric signal.
Laser emission element launches parallel continuous laser, and laser beam enters ligh trap after one section of optical path；In laser
The side of beam places scattered signal receiver with the contour position of laser beam, is directed at the direction of laser beam, utilizes light scattering principle
Scattered light signal is captured with CCD image-forming principle；After converting optical signals into electric signal, it is transmitted to computer, is completed to imaging
The acquisition of control and signal；It is combined again with the aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient that nephelometer measurement obtains, and then obtains gas
Colloidal sol phase function.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of aerosol phase function observation methods.
Aerosol phase function observation method of the invention, comprising the following steps:
1) a spacer image is acquired, i.e., blocks CCD camera with baffle and is detected；
2) laser is opened, baffle is opened and carries out Image Acquisition, read the gradation data of each pixel on image, then subtract
The corresponding gradation data of spacer image is removed, obtains removing the laser beam of dark current noise through the image of the scattering light of atmospheric scattering,
Atmosphere includes gas and aerosol；
3) using the central axis of the image of linear fitting fitting scattering light；
4) scatteringangleθ of scattering light of the laser beam corresponding to each pixel on central axis through atmospheric scattering is obtained；
5) the obtained central axis of fitting is divided into multiple shelves using a pixel as step-length, is done on the corresponding pixel of each shelves
Perpendicular to central axis and using the pixel on the central axis as the line segment at midpoint, suitable line segment length is selected to make and laser
The related signal of scattering light of beam can be included by these pixels, obtain the corresponding ash of each pixel in line segment
Angle value is fitted each grade of gray value using normal distyribution function, obtains the scattering light of the corresponding atmosphere of each pixel
Signal strength；
6) angle of scattering of light and the scattered light signal intensity of atmosphere are scattered according to corresponding to each pixel, obtain atmosphere
Scattered light signal intensity with angle of scattering variation I (θ)；
7) signal strength of aerosol is obtained with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ)；；
8) to the signal strength of aerosol with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ) is normalized, and obtains the phase letter of aerosol
Number.
Wherein, in step 4), scattering of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering corresponding to each pixel on central axis is obtained
The angle of scattering of light, specifically includes the following steps:
A) angle of CCD camera is adjusted, so that picture of the image of scattering light of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering Jing Guo CCD camera
The central point of prime matrix；
B) marking the angle of scattering of scattering light of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering with object of reference method is 90 ° of corresponding image positions
It sets；
C) central point is calculated in conjunction with the focal length f of wide-angle lens according to central point picture position corresponding with 90 ° of angle of scatterings
The angle of scattering of scattering light of the corresponding laser beam through atmospheric scattering；
D) focal length of the angle of scattering according to corresponding to central point, the corresponding picture position of 90 ° of angle of scatterings and wide-angle lens
F extrapolates the corresponding relationship of position in the angle of scattering and image of scattering light of the entire laser beam through atmospheric scattering, to obtain every
The angle of scattering of the scattering light of laser beam corresponding to a pixel.
In step 5), normal distyribution function meets:
Wherein, x is perpendicular to the pixel coordinate in the line segment of central axis, and μ is the coordinate at line segment midpoint, and (x- μ) is
For each pixel to the distance at midpoint, σ is the standard deviation of normal distribution, I in line segment0The sky background received for CCD camera
Spoke brightness, and the signal strength of the scattering light of corresponding laser beam is I at the line segment.
In step 7), the signal strength of aerosol is obtained with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ) the following steps are included:
A) aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient is obtained using nephelometer measurement, in conjunction with gas hemisphere backscattering coefficient,
Obtain the ratio of the hemisphere backscattering coefficient of aerosol and gas；
B) backscatter signal of different angle is integrated in hemisphere, after obtaining total hemisphere of gas and aerosol
To the integrated intensity of scattered signal；
C) integrated intensity of total hemisphere backscatter signal multiplied by aerosol and the hemisphere backscattering coefficient of gas ratio
Value, obtains the integrated intensity of gas hemisphere backscatter signal；
D) Scattering Phase Function for combining the gas under known surface pressure, obtains the signal strength of gas with angle of scattering
Change Iair(θ), the scattered light signal intensity of atmosphere with angle of scattering variation I (θ) and gas signal strength with angle of scattering change
Change IairThe difference of (θ), the as signal strength of aerosol with angle of scattering variation Iaero(θ)。
In step 8), the signal strength of aerosol with angle of scattering variation IaeroThe scattering function β of (θ) and aerosolaero
(θ) meets:
Iaero(θ)=N0βaero(θ)
Wherein, N0It is definite value, β for system parameteraero(θ) is corresponding scattering function, β at scatteringangleθaero(θ) with
Iaero(θ) is directly proportional, and the phase function of aerosol is distribution of the scattering function after normalization with angle, therefore to Iaero(θ) is carried out
It can be obtained by the phase function of aerosol after normalization.
Advantages of the present invention:
The aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient knot that the signal and nephelometer that the present invention is obtained using CCD camera measure
It closes, obtains aerosol phase function, the scattered information of different angle can be obtained simultaneously, avoid aerosol scattering property at any time
Variation result is impacted；Observation system of the invention is simple and effective, and cost is relatively low, is the observation of aerosol phase function
New technological means is provided, the inverting for remote sensing observations aerosol optical characteristics pertinent instruments provides support.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the side view of aerosol phase function observation system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the top view of aerosol phase function observation system of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the aerosol phase function observation system of the present embodiment includes: laser emission element A, ligh trap
D, nephelometer C, scattered signal receiver B and computer；Wherein laser emission element A launches the continuous laser of horizontal direction,
Ligh trap D is installed in the end of laser beam, to absorb remaining laser；Nephelometer C, turbidimetric air inlet are installed in the lower section of laser beam
Mouth C1 is directed at laser beam, and measurement obtains aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient；Side and and laser beam height in laser beam
Scattered signal receiver B is installed identical position；Scattered signal receiver B includes wide-angle lens B1, Excitation Filter with High B2 and CCD
Camera B3, wide-angle lens B1 converge laser beam in wide scope through the scattering light of atmosphere, after Excitation Filter with High B2 filtering, by
CCD camera B3 receives optical signal and is converted into electric signal；Nephelometer C and CCD camera B3 are respectively connected to computer.
In the present embodiment, the laser of laser emission element uses solid laser material, emits continuous laser, launch wavelength
It is 1064 nanometers；The laser beam of 532 nano wave lengths is issued after frequency multiplication；Laser beam issues in the horizontal direction.
The aerosol phase function observation method of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
1) a spacer image is acquired, i.e., blocks CCD camera with baffle and is detected.
2) laser is opened, baffle is opened and carries out Image Acquisition, read the gradation data of each pixel on image, then subtract
The corresponding gradation data of spacer image is removed, the laser beam for obtaining removing dark current and noise is through the figure of the scattering light of atmospheric scattering
Picture, atmosphere include gas and aerosol.
3) using the central axis of the image of the scattering light of linear fitting fitting laser beam.
4) scatteringangleθ of the scattering light of laser beam corresponding to each pixel on central axis is obtained:
A) angle of CCD camera is adjusted, so that picture of the image of scattering light of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering Jing Guo CCD camera
The central point of prime matrix；
B) marking the angle of scattering of scattering light of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering with object of reference method is 90 ° of corresponding image positions
It sets；
C) central point is calculated in conjunction with the focal length f of wide-angle lens according to central point picture position corresponding with 90 ° of angle of scatterings
The angle of scattering of scattering light of the corresponding laser beam through atmospheric scattering；
D) focal length of the angle of scattering according to corresponding to central point, the corresponding picture position of 90 ° of angle of scatterings and wide-angle lens
F, extrapolates the corresponding relationship of position in the angle of scattering and image of the scattering light of entire laser beam, so that it is right to obtain each pixel institute
The scatteringangleθ of the scattering light for the laser beam answered.
5) the obtained central axis of fitting is divided into multiple shelves using a pixel as step-length, is done on the corresponding pixel of each shelves
Perpendicular to central axis and using the pixel on this central axis as the line segment at midpoint, suitable line segment length is selected to make and laser beam
The related signal of scattering light can be included by these pixels, obtain the corresponding gray scale of each pixel in line segment
Value, each grade of gray value is fitted using normal distyribution function, obtains the scattering light letter of the corresponding atmosphere of each pixel
Number intensity, normal distyribution function meet:
Wherein, x is perpendicular to the pixel coordinate in the line segment of central axis, and μ is the coordinate at line segment midpoint, and (x- μ) is
For each pixel to the distance at midpoint, σ is the standard deviation of normal distribution, I in line segment0The sky background received for CCD camera
Spoke brightness, and the signal strength of the scattering light of corresponding laser beam is I at the line segment.
6) according to the angle of scattering of the corresponding scattering light of every grade of pixel and the scattered light signal intensity of atmosphere, signal is obtained
Intensity with angle of scattering variation I (θ).
7) signal strength of aerosol is obtained with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ):
A) aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient is obtained using nephelometer measurement, in conjunction with gas hemisphere backscattering coefficient,
Obtain the ratio of the hemisphere backscattering coefficient of aerosol and gas；
B) backscatter signal of different angle is integrated in hemisphere, after obtaining total hemisphere of gas and aerosol
To the integrated intensity of scattered signal；
C) integrated intensity of total hemisphere backscatter signal multiplied by aerosol and the hemisphere backscattering coefficient of gas ratio
Value, obtains the integrated intensity of gas hemisphere backscatter signal；
D) Scattering Phase Function for combining the gas under known surface pressure, obtains the signal strength of gas with angle of scattering
Change Iair(θ), the scattered light signal intensity of atmosphere with angle of scattering variation I (θ) and gas signal strength with angle of scattering change
Change IairThe difference of (θ), the as signal strength of aerosol with angle of scattering variation Iaero(θ)。
8) signal strength of aerosol with angle of scattering variation IaeroThe scattering function β of (θ) and aerosolaero(θ) meets:
Iaero(θ)=N0βaero(θ)
Wherein, N0It is definite value, β for system parameteraero(θ) is corresponding scattering function, β at scatteringangleθaero(θ) with
Iaero(θ) is directly proportional, and the phase function of aerosol is distribution of the scattering function after normalization with angle, therefore to Iaero(θ) is carried out
The signal strength of the phase function aerosol of aerosol be can be obtained by after normalization with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ) carries out normalizing
Change, obtains the phase function of aerosol.
It is finally noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing example is to help to further understand the present invention, but this field
Technical staff be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, it is various replacement and repair
It is all possible for changing.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to embodiment disclosure of that, and the scope of protection of present invention is to weigh
Subject to the range that sharp claim defines.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aerosol phase function observation system, which is characterized in that the aerosol phase function observation system includes: laser hair
Penetrate unit, ligh trap, nephelometer, scattered signal receiver and computer；Wherein, the laser emission element launches horizontal direction
Continuous laser；Ligh trap is installed in the end of laser beam, to absorb remaining laser；Nephelometer is installed in the lower section of laser beam, it is turbid
The air inlet of degree meter is directed at laser beam, and upward, and upward extended line intersects at laser beam to the turbidimetric air inlet, surveys
Measure aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient；Side and position identical with laser beam height installation scattering in laser beam
Signal receiver；The scattered signal receiver includes wide-angle lens, Excitation Filter with High and CCD camera, and wide-angle lens is by laser
Beam is converged through the scattering light of gas and aerosol scattering in atmosphere, after Excitation Filter with High filters, receives light letter by CCD camera
Number and be converted into electric signal；The nephelometer and CCD camera are respectively connected to computer；Signal that the CCD camera obtains with
The aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient that nephelometer measures combines, and obtains aerosol phase function.
2. aerosol phase function observation system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser emission element includes solid
Body laser and frequency-doubling crystal；Using solid laser material as luminescent substance, the laser of sending passes through the solid state laser
Become the laser of frequency multiplication after frequency-doubling crystal.
3. a kind of aerosol phase function observation method, which is characterized in that the aerosol phase function observation method includes following step
It is rapid:
1) a spacer image is acquired, i.e., blocks CCD camera with baffle and is detected；
2) laser is opened, baffle is opened and carries out Image Acquisition, read the gradation data of each pixel on image, is then subtracted dark
The corresponding gradation data of frame image, the laser beam for obtaining removing dark current noise is through the image of the scattering light of atmospheric scattering, atmosphere
Including gas and aerosol；
3) using the central axis of the image of linear fitting fitting scattering light；
4) scatteringangleθ of the corresponding scattering light of each pixel on central axis is obtained；
5) it is that step-length is divided into multiple shelves using a pixel by the obtained central axis of fitting, is done vertically on the corresponding pixel of each shelves
In central axis and using the pixel on the central axis as the line segment at midpoint, suitable line segment length is selected to make scattered with laser beam
Penetrating the related signal of light can be included by these pixels, obtain the corresponding gray value of each pixel in line segment,
Each grade of gray value is fitted using normal distyribution function, the scattered light signal for obtaining the corresponding atmosphere of each pixel is strong
Degree；
6) angle of scattering of light and the scattered light signal intensity of atmosphere are scattered according to corresponding to each pixel, obtain dissipating for atmosphere
Light signal strength is penetrated with the variation I (θ) of angle of scattering；
7) signal strength of aerosol is obtained with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ):
A) aerosol hemisphere backscattering coefficient is obtained using nephelometer measurement, in conjunction with gas hemisphere backscattering coefficient, obtained
The ratio of the hemisphere backscattering coefficient of aerosol and gas；
B) backscatter signal of different angle is integrated in hemisphere, is obtained after total hemisphere of gas and aerosol to dissipating
Penetrate the integrated intensity of signal；
C) integrated intensity of total hemisphere backscatter signal is obtained multiplied by the ratio of aerosol and the hemisphere backscattering coefficient of gas
To the integrated intensity of gas hemisphere backscatter signal；
D) Scattering Phase Function for combining the gas under known surface pressure, obtains the signal strength of gas with the variation of angle of scattering
Iair(θ), the scattered light signal intensity of atmosphere with angle of scattering variation I (θ) and gas signal strength with angle of scattering variation
IairThe difference of (θ), the as signal strength of aerosol with angle of scattering variation Iaero(θ)；
8) to the signal strength of aerosol with the variation I of angle of scatteringaero(θ) is normalized, and obtains the phase function of aerosol.
4. aerosol phase function observation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in step 4), obtain central axis
On each pixel corresponding to laser beam through atmospheric scattering scattering light angle of scattering, specifically includes the following steps:
A) angle of CCD camera is adjusted, so that pixel square of the image of scattering light of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering Jing Guo CCD camera
The central point of battle array；
B) marking the angle of scattering of scattering light of the laser beam through atmospheric scattering with object of reference method is 90 ° of corresponding picture positions；
C) according to central point picture position corresponding with 90 ° of angle of scatterings, in conjunction with the focal length f of wide-angle lens, calculate that central point institute is right
The angle of scattering of scattering light of the laser beam answered through atmospheric scattering；
D) the focal length f of the angle of scattering according to corresponding to central point, the corresponding picture position of 90 ° of angle of scatterings and wide-angle lens, pushes away
The corresponding relationship for calculating position in the angle of scattering and image of scattering light of the entire laser beam through atmospheric scattering, to obtain each picture
The angle of scattering of light is scattered corresponding to element.
5. aerosol phase function observation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in step 5), normal distribution letter
Number meets:
Wherein, x is perpendicular to the pixel coordinate in the line segment of central axis, and μ is the coordinate at line segment midpoint, and (x- μ) is line segment
For interior each pixel to the distance at midpoint, σ is the standard deviation of normal distribution, I0The sky background spoke received for CCD camera is bright
Degree, and the signal strength of the scattering light of corresponding laser beam is I at the line segment.
6. aerosol phase function observation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in step 8), the letter of aerosol
Number intensity with angle of scattering variation IaeroThe scattering function β of (θ) and aerosolaero(θ) meets:
Iaero(θ)=N0βaero(θ)
Wherein, N0It is definite value, β for system parameteraero(θ) is corresponding scattering function, β at scatteringangleθaero(θ) and Iaero(θ)
Directly proportional, the phase function of aerosol is distribution of the scattering function after normalization with angle, to Iaero(θ) is obtained after being normalized
To the phase function of aerosol.
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| CN107389552B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-09-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | Method for measuring white light optical parameters of atmospheric aerosol by using white light optical imaging |
| CN107741592B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-08-13 | 北京大学 | A kind of more optical characteristics remote sensing observing systems of aerosol and its observation method |
| CN108362666B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-03-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院 | Near-ground scanning type aerosol detection device based on CCD |
| CN110286069A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-27 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of Atmospheric particulates scattering observation device |
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