CN106064241B - A kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106064241B
CN106064241B CN201610541602.7A CN201610541602A CN106064241B CN 106064241 B CN106064241 B CN 106064241B CN 201610541602 A CN201610541602 A CN 201610541602A CN 106064241 B CN106064241 B CN 106064241B
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substrate
metal sphere
hollow metal
cleaned
deionized water
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CN201610541602.7A
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CN106064241A (en
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张贵峰
索妮
郑萍萍
黄昊
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/11Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1103Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
    • B22F3/1112Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics comprising hollow spheres or hollow fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/24Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1851Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
    • C23C18/1872Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/1886Multistep pretreatment
    • C23C18/1893Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31Coating with metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal, belong to new structure preparation field integrated with functional material.It has main steps that:(1) pretreating process:Cleaning, roughening and activation substrate;(2) chemical plating process;(3) hollow ball is prepared:The sample that chemical plating is obtained is placed in strong base solution, removes substrate, obtains hollow metal sphere;Cleaning, filtering, fluid-tight preserve;(4) sintering process:Metal nano powder is replaced into laying with hollow metal sphere, dries, vacuumizes, leads to protective gas, 1,200 1600 DEG C of sintering temperature, the 6h of annealing time 2;Hollow metal sphere and metal nano powder mass ratio are 5% 30%.This method prepares the different hollow metal sphere of internal diameter by controlling coarsening time to obtain the different substrate grain of particle diameter.This technique has the advantages that simple, convenient, economic and spherical shell internal diameter is controllable, foam metal material or gradient multifunctional material particularly useful for making different inner diameters.

Description

A kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal
Technical field
The invention belongs to new structure preparation field integrated with functional material, roughening when being related to substrate control, activation process, Chemical plating process and technology is removed, to obtain the hollow metal sphere of different inner diameters, then through cold-rolled sintered block is made, more particularly to Foam metal or gradient porous functional material, it is various suitable for heat-insulated, electrode, catalysis, damping, electromagnetic shielding and biomedicine etc. High-technology field.
Background technology
Foam metal is a kind of structure-function integration material being widely studied, and has good physical and chemical performance, As density is small, specific surface area is big, material fine structure designability and optimization property are good.Its hole by the closed hole in ball and Gap between spheroid is formed, and this unique texture makes it have excellent mechanics, receives, exchanges and the performance such as compound.It is extensive Applied to the various high-technology fields such as space flight, aviation, environmental protection, the energy and biological medicine.
At present, preparing the method for foam metal has casting, foaming, sintering process and sedimentation.Wherein, first three technique The foam metal of preparation, there is the shortcomings of distribution of pores and size are uneven, and mechanical property does not protrude and discreteness is big;Sedimentation In electrochemical process, because substrate is confined to conductive material, and limited by limiting current density, thus deposition velocity compared with Slowly, low production efficiency, cost are higher.However, chemical plating process not only can on the metallic substrate (iron, stainless steel, aluminium, copper etc.) Can also on nonmetallic substrate (ceramics, glass, diamond, carbon plate, plastics, resin etc.) deposited metal layer (such as nickel, iron, copper, Gold, lead etc.).Without additional power source, in the absence of the uneven influence of electric force lines distribution, the coating of deposition uniformly, fine and close, hole Less, hardness is high, has fabulous physical and chemical properties.
Roughening treatment, chemical plating process and substrate during control are removed technology and combined by the present invention, and it is controllable to obtain internal diameter Metal hollow ball monomer.Then single body hollow ball is mixed with corresponding metal nanoparticle, cold-rolled sintered shaping obtains foam Metal blocks.First, by controlling different coarsening times, different-grain diameter particle shape substrate (such as silica-gel desiccant, dioxy are obtained SiClx, silicon);Secondly, metal level is prepared on non-metallic particle substrate using chemical plating;Finally lining is removed using strong base solution Bottom, obtain the metal ball of hollow structure.Substrate size (i.e. metal ball internal diameter) is determined that shell thickness is by chemical plating by coarsening time Sedimentation time determine.So this technique has the advantages that simple, convenient, economic and spherical shell internal diameter is controllable, it is particularly suitable In the foam metal material for preparing different inner diameters.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of will control when roughening treatment, chemical plating, substrate remove technology and cold-rolled sintered Combine, the technique for obtaining foam metal block.And it is set to be applied to various high-technology fields.
Technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal, step are as follows:
(1) pretreating process
A. substrate is cleaned with acetone, ethanol and deionized water successively, filters and dry;Described substrate is silica dehydrator Agent, silica or silicon;
B. substrate distinguishes heating water bath to 50 DEG C with roughening agent, is mixed, 50 DEG C of keeping temperature, coarsening time 1- 5min;After end, cleaned with deionized water, ammoniacal liquor neutralize, cleaned again with deionized water, filter and dry;
C. in roughening substrate activating solution addition step B obtained, soak time 5-10min, stir to it uniformly, filtering And dry, obtain activating substrate;
(2) chemical plating process
D. plating solution is put into thermostat water bath, is heated to required temperature;The activation substrate that step C is obtained is placed in plating solution Middle 1-7min, then cleaned repeatedly with ethanol solution with deionized water, filter simultaneously low temperature drying, in order to prevent from heating up It hurry up, temperature is too high and causes film separation;
(3) hollow ball is prepared
E. the obtained samples of step D are placed in strong base solution, remove substrate, obtain hollow metal sphere;By hollow metal Ball is cleaned, filtered repeatedly with deionized water with ethanol solution, and fluid-tight preserves;
(4) sintering process
F. metal nano powder is replaced into laying with hollow metal sphere, dries, vacuumize, lead to protective gas, sintering temperature 1200-1600 DEG C, annealing time 2-6h;Hollow metal sphere and metal nano powder mass ratio are 5%-30%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:Can be by controlling coarsening time to obtain the different substrate grain of particle diameter and then in preparation The different hollow metal sphere in footpath, without buying the particle substrate of different-grain diameter.This technique have it is simple, convenient, economical and The advantages that spherical shell internal diameter is controllable, foam metal material or gradient multifunctional material particularly useful for making different inner diameters.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with technical scheme, embodiment of the invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
(1) pretreating process
A. silica-gel desiccant is cleaned with acetone, ethanol and deionized water successively, filters and dry;
B. silica-gel desiccant and roughening agent are distinguished heating water bath to 50 DEG C, are mixed, 50 DEG C of keeping temperature, during roughening Between 3min;After end, cleaned with deionized water, ammoniacal liquor neutralize, cleaned again with deionized water, filter and dry;
C. in roughening substrate activating solution addition step B obtained, soak time 5min, it is stirred until homogeneous, filters and dry It is dry, obtain activating substrate;
(2) chemical plating process
D. nickel-plating liquid is put into thermostat water bath, is heated to 88-92 DEG C;The activation substrate that step C is obtained is placed in plating 3min in nickel liquid, then cleaned repeatedly with ethanol solution with deionized water, filter simultaneously low temperature drying, in order to prevent from heating up It hurry up, temperature is too high and causes film separation;
(3) hollow ball is prepared
E. the obtained samples of step D are placed in strong base solution, remove substrate, obtain hollow nickel sphere;Hollow nickel sphere is used Deionized water is cleaned, filtered repeatedly with ethanol solution, and fluid-tight preserves;
(4) sintering process
F. nano-nickel powder is replaced into laying with hollow nickel sphere, dries, vacuumize, lead to nitrogen, 1300 DEG C of sintering temperature, annealing Time 5h;Hollow nickel sphere is 15% with nano-nickel powder mass ratio.
Embodiment 2:
(1) pretreating process
A. silica is cleaned with acetone, ethanol and deionized water successively, filters and dry;
B. silica and roughening agent are distinguished heating water bath to 50 DEG C, are mixed, 50 DEG C of keeping temperature, coarsening time 4min;After end, cleaned with deionized water, ammoniacal liquor neutralize, cleaned again with deionized water, filter and dry;
C. in roughening substrate activating solution addition step B obtained, soak time 8min, it is stirred until homogeneous, filters and dry It is dry, obtain activating substrate;
(2) chemical plating process
D. iron plating liquid is put into thermostat water bath, is heated to 48-52 DEG C;The activation substrate that step C is obtained is placed in plating 5min in iron liquid, then cleaned repeatedly with ethanol solution with deionized water, filter simultaneously low temperature drying, in order to prevent from heating up It hurry up, temperature is too high and causes film separation;
(3) hollow ball is prepared
E. the obtained samples of step D are placed in strong base solution, remove substrate, obtain hollow iron ball;With deionized water with Ethanol solution is cleaned, filtered repeatedly, and fluid-tight preserves;
(4) sintering process
F. nanometer iron powder is replaced into laying with hollow iron ball, dries, vacuumize, lead to argon gas, 1400 DEG C of sintering temperature, annealing Time 6h;Hollow iron ball is 20% with nanometer iron powder mass ratio.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
(1) pretreating process
A. substrate is cleaned with acetone, ethanol and deionized water successively, filters and dry;
B. substrate distinguishes heating water bath to 50 DEG C with roughening agent, mixing, 50 DEG C of keeping temperature, coarsening time 1-5min;After end, Cleaned with deionized water, ammoniacal liquor neutralize, cleaned again with deionized water, filter and dry;
C. in roughening substrate activating solution addition step B obtained, soak time 5-10min, stir to it uniformly, filter and dry It is dry, obtain activating substrate;
(2) chemical plating process
D. plating solution is put into thermostat water bath, is heated to required temperature;The activation substrate that step C is obtained is placed in 1- in plating solution 7min, then cleaned repeatedly with ethanol solution with deionized water, filter simultaneously low temperature drying;
(3) hollow metal sphere is prepared
E. the obtained samples of step D are placed in strong base solution, remove substrate, obtain hollow metal sphere;Hollow metal sphere is used Deionized water is cleaned, filtered repeatedly with ethanol solution, and fluid-tight preserves;
(4) sintering process
F. metal nano powder is replaced into laying with hollow metal sphere, dries, vacuumize, lead to protective gas, sintering temperature 1200- 1600 DEG C, annealing time 2-6h;Wherein, hollow metal sphere and metal nano powder mass ratio are 5%-30%.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described substrate is silica-gel desiccant, silica Or silicon.
CN201610541602.7A 2016-07-09 2016-07-09 A kind of preparation method of internal diameter controllable foam metal Expired - Fee Related CN106064241B (en)

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CN107052341B (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-10-16 郭荞毓 A kind of continuous preparation process of advanced pore morphology foamed aluminium bead
CN109989049B (en) * 2019-04-17 2021-02-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Porous metal material with closed pore structure and preparation method thereof
CN110000375B (en) * 2019-04-17 2021-04-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Ultrahigh-porosity porous metal material and preparation method thereof
CN111842854B (en) * 2020-07-08 2021-11-16 鞍钢股份有限公司 Method and device for manufacturing heterogeneous hollow ball foam steel

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JPH07118713A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-09 Katayama Tokushu Kogyo Kk Superfine metal granular powder, metallic porous body formed with the powder and production of the powder and metallic porous body
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