CN106060944B - Method of the multi-channel MAC protocols in conjunction with TDMA in car networking - Google Patents
Method of the multi-channel MAC protocols in conjunction with TDMA in car networking Download PDFInfo
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- CN106060944B CN106060944B CN201610602306.3A CN201610602306A CN106060944B CN 106060944 B CN106060944 B CN 106060944B CN 201610602306 A CN201610602306 A CN 201610602306A CN 106060944 B CN106060944 B CN 106060944B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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Abstract
The present invention discloses method of the multi-channel MAC protocols in conjunction with TDMA in a kind of car networking, overcome the problems, such as control channel CCH in the prior art and service channel SCH slot efficiency is low and the expense of channel is big, concrete thought of the invention is, channel initialization is set first, then roadside unit RSU and node negotiate time slot, and the slot length of control channel CCH is updated according to the feedback of node, safeguard two channel list distribution time slots, finally, switching to service channel SCH transmission data.Distribution of the present invention according to the slot length and time slot of roadside unit RSU control control channel CCH, it is possible to prevente effectively from the case where traffic density variation, the lower problem big with the expense of channel of the utilization rate of channel, improves the handling capacity of channel, reduces the expense of channel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, further relate to more in one of wireless communication technology field car networking
Channel medium access control MAC (Media Access Control) agreement and time division multiple acess TDMA (Time Division
Multiple Access) combine method.Present invention is generally directed to the non-security business in vehicle transmission, it is contemplated that node
Density proposes the control period elongated algorithm combined with TDMA, improves the channel of non-vital data to the difference of channel requirements
The handling capacity of utilization rate and channel.
Background technique
In recent years, with the development of intelligent transportation, car networking VANET is in the safety traffic for coordinating vehicle and vehicle, vehicle and environment
It is widely studied, meanwhile, as the improvement of people's living standards, people have more the comfort and high efficiency of vehicle drive
It is required that.This requires car networkings while can provide and the information such as alarm and road conditions, can also obtain in time weather conditions,
The information such as statistics, shopping or the network amusement of Real-Time Traffic Volume, improve the comfort level of driving efficiency and customer.Join in vehicle
Under net environment, the change of node density influences the efficiency of transmission of non-security business, therefore how to design and reduce node density to non-
The influence of the efficiency of transmission of security information is highly important.
Paper " the A prioritized resource that Cheng N, Lu N, Liu K et al. is delivered at it
scheduling scheme for throughput-sensitive applications in VANET”(Wireless
Communications Networking and Mobile Computing(WiCOM),20106th International
Conference on.IEEE, 2010:1-4) in propose and a kind of dispatched based on multi channel DCS method.This method will be each
Service channel SCH is divided into a section time slot, and each time slot is indicated with binary bits, forms a binary matrix,
Time slot is reserved using three-way handshake mechanism in the control channel CCH stage, can reserving time slots determination be by three two into
Channel list processed interacts determining.Although this method divides channel using time division multiple acess, this method still has
Shortcoming be, traffic density variation when, using the time slot allocation of control channel CCH fixed length, will cause control channel CCH
Or service channel SCH time slot waste or shortage, do not account for the channel utilization of the two；
In the patent document of its application, " a kind of multichannel based on reliable step channel reservation multi mechanism is more for Northwestern Polytechnical University
It is disclosed in location cut-in method " (application publication number CN104902577A, application number 201510240066.2) a kind of based on reliable
The multi-channel multi-address access method of step channel reservation multi mechanism.It mainly include reservation to control channel and to data in this method
The reservation of channel, sending node exist with receiving node after coordination function DCF mechanism competes successfully in a distributed manner on a control channel
Interaction request sends request and sends RTS in control channel, allows to send CTS and reserved information RES, completes the pre- of data channel
About.Although this method reserves data channel using booking-mechanism, the shortcoming that this method still has is,
It on the one hand is on the other hand the low efficiency problem that a service channel SCH only transmits one group of business passes through improved three-way handshake
Mechanism carrys out reserving time slots, increases the expense and propagation delay time of channel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, multi-channel MAC association in a kind of car networking is proposed
The method in conjunction with TDMA is discussed, the present invention is according to roadside unit RSU by the information of node feeding back to control channel CCH time slot
It adjusts, using time division multiple acess TDMA agreement to service channel SCH time slot reservation.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose, and specific step is as follows:
(1) it initializes:
(1a) utilizes the multichannel of separation phase, and the channel in car networking is divided into control channel CCH and service channel
The form that SCH is alternately present；
The time slot of control channel CCH is divided into security information period SP and reservation two periods of period RP by (1b), according to working as
The length of the density setting security information period SP time slot of the security information of preceding network, in security information period SP, with broadcast
Mode, transmit all security information；
(1c), using time division multiple acess TDMA technology, is split time slot, obtains in service channel SCH slot time
Transmit the continuous small time slot of non-security business；
(1d) according to the following formula, is calculated in service channel SCH time slot when transmitting the interval of continuous small time slot of non-security business
Between:
Ts=10* (Th+Td+TA+TS+σ)
Wherein, TsIndicate the interval time that the continuous small time slot of non-security business is transmitted in service channel SCH time slot, * table
Show multiplication operations, ThIndicate that MAC layer MAC and physical layer PHY introduced when the transmission of non-security business data packet are opened
The transmission time of pin, TdIndicate time used when the transmission of maximum non-security business data packet, TAIndicate maximum non-security industry
After business data packet is transmitted, the roadside unit RSU in car networking sends the transmission time of acknowledgement frame ACK, TSIndicate request section
The short interFrameGap SIFS for two non-security business data packets that point continuously transmits, σ indicate non-security business data packet from request
Node is sent to the received propagation delay of roadside unit RSU；
(1e) the control channel CCH slot length of channel in car networking and service channel SCH slot length are arranged respectively
For 50ms；
(2) negotiate time slot:
To the business of non-vital data, successively according to " voice ", " video ", " background ", " doing one's best " from high to low
Sequence is divided into four priority；In reservation period RP, requesting node is to enhance distributed coordination function EDCF mechanism to roadside list
First RSU sends service declaration information WSA data packet；
(3) length of control channel CCH time slot and service channel SCH time slot is updated:
Information WSA data packet is declared in the service that unit R SU in roadside reads that reserve requests node is sent in car networking, and roadside is single
First RSU correspondingly increases or reduces control letter according to the information of the control cycle length in service declaration information WSA data packet
The length of road CCH time slot；
(4) channel time slot is distributed:
When (4a) roadside unit RSU is distributed according to available channel list and the channel list reserved to requesting node
Gap does not have channel time slot to available channel list, selects the letter that channel time slot reservation number is few in the channel list reserved
Road time slot is held consultation, the channel time slot consulted, and the identification number ID of the channel time slot consulted and node is stored in
In the extension field of acknowledgement frame ACK, it is sent to requesting node；
When (4b) roadside unit RSU is distributed according to available channel list and the channel list reserved to requesting node
Gap selects suitable channel time slot to distribute, the channel consulted available free channel list according to available channel list
The identification number ID of the channel time slot consulted and requesting node is stored in the extension field of acknowledgement frame ACK, is sent to and asks by time slot
Seek node；
(5) judge whether requesting node receives the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, if so, thening follow the steps
(6)；Otherwise, step (10) are executed；
(6) switch channel:
After reserving period RP in control channel CCH time slot, service channel SCH will be switched to by control channel CCH；
(7) non-security business data packet is transmitted:
During service channel SCH time slot, each requesting node carries out uncontested communication according to the channel time slot consulted, often
One requesting node is no longer transferred to non-security business data packet in short interFrameGap SIFS, then roadside unit RSU is to request
Node sends acknowledgement frame ACK；
(8) judge whether requesting node receives the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, if so, executing step
(9)；Otherwise, it after service channel SCH time slot, executes step (10)；
(9) judge whether current request node needs to transmit there are also data, if so, holding after service channel SCH time slot
Row step (10)；Otherwise, step (12) are executed；
(10) control cycle length is determined:
(10a) to the node for being not received by the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, letter is declared in the service at oneself
At most increase the length in a secondary control period in breath WSA data packet；
(10b) is to the node for receiving the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, but there are also data for current request node
When sending, the length in a secondary control period is at most reduced in the service declaration information WSA data packet of oneself；
(11) judge whether also to have data to send, if so, thening follow the steps (2)；Otherwise, step (12) are executed；
(12) the requesting node end of transmission.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
First, the multichannel of separation phase is utilized in the present invention, by the channel in car networking be divided into control channel CCH and
The form that service channel SCH is alternately present is reduced in vehicle flowrate variation by the case where request reserving time slots of feedback node
Or increase the length in control period to adjust the transmission of data bandwidth, overcome control channel CCH time slot fixed length in the prior art
It causes control channel CCH or service channel SCH time slot waste or lacks problem, so that the present invention improves the utilization of channel
Rate increases channel throughput.
Second, present invention utilizes time division multiple acess TDMA technologies to be split service channel SCH time slot, overcomes existing
A service channel SCH only transmits the low efficiency problem of one group of business in technology, so that the present invention improves service channel SCH's
Utilization rate increases the transmission opportunity of node.
Third, present invention utilizes roadside unit RSU to distribute channel time slot, in reserving channel time slot, only by true
Recognize frame ACK, the reservation to time slot can be completed, overcomes and made in the prior art using improved three-way handshake mechanism reserving time slots
At channel expense increase and propagation delay time increase so that the present invention reduces the expense and propagation delay time of channel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
1 the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Step 1, it initializes.
Using the multichannel of separation phase, the channel in car networking is divided into control channel CCH and service channel SCH and is handed over
For the form of appearance.
The time slot of control channel CCH is divided into security information period SP and reservation two periods of period RP, according to current net
The length of the density setting security information period SP time slot of the security information of network, in security information period SP, with the side of broadcast
Formula transmits all security information.
In service channel SCH slot time, using time division multiple acess TDMA technology, time slot is split, is transmitted
The continuous small time slot of non-security business.
In conjunction with table 1, join substantially to data involved in the interval time of continuous small time slot in service channel SCH time slot are calculated
Several settings are described below.R in table 1 indicates the channel width of control channel CCH and service channel SCH, SPIndicate non-peace
The size of full-service data packet physical layer PHY expense frame introduced when transmitting, SMWhen indicating the transmission of non-security business data packet
The size of introduced MAC layer MAC expense frame, SAAfter indicating that maximum non-security business data packet is transmitted,
Roadside unit RSU in car networking sends the size of acknowledgement frame ACK, SmIndicate the size of maximum non-security business data packet, TS
Indicate that the short interFrameGap SIFS, σ of two non-security business data packets that requesting node continuously transmits indicate non-security business number
The received propagation delay of roadside unit RSU is sent to from requesting node according to packet.
The setting of 1 data basic parameter of table
| Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
| R | 10MHz | SP | 192bits |
| SM | 256bits | SA | 304bits |
| Sm | 2346bytes | TS | 10us |
| σ | 1us |
According to the following formula, the interval time of continuous small time slot in service channel SCH time slot is calculated:
Ts=10*Tp
Tp=Th+Td+TA+TS+σ
Wherein, TsIndicate the interval time that the continuous small time slot of non-security business is transmitted in service channel SCH time slot, * table
Show multiplication operations, TpA non-security business data packet is sent to roadside unit RSU from node in expression service channel SCH time slot
The time of successful reception, ThIndicate MAC layer MAC and physical layer introduced when the transmission of non-security business data packet
The transmission time of PHY expense, TdIndicate time used when the transmission of maximum non-security business data packet, TAIndicate maximum non-
After safety service data packet is transmitted, the roadside unit RSU in car networking sends the transmission time of acknowledgement frame ACK, according to table 1
Parameters numerical value calculating acquire Tp=0.25ms, Ts=2.5ms.
Respectively set the control channel CCH slot length of channel in car networking and service channel SCH slot length to
50ms。
Step 2, negotiate time slot.
To the business of non-vital data, successively according to " voice ", " video ", " background ", " doing one's best " from high to low
Sequence is divided into four priority；In reservation period RP, requesting node is to enhance distributed coordination function EDCF mechanism to roadside list
First RSU sends service declaration information WSA data packet.
Step 3, the length of control channel CCH time slot and service channel SCH time slot is updated.
Information WSA data packet is declared in the service that unit R SU in roadside reads that reserve requests node is sent in car networking, and roadside is single
First RSU correspondingly increases or reduces control letter according to the information of the control cycle length in service declaration information WSA data packet
The length of road CCH time slot.
It include the identification number ID of the information for controlling cycle length and node in the service declaration information WSA data packet
Information.
Step 4, channel time slot is distributed.
Roadside unit RSU distributes time slot to requesting node according to available channel list and the channel list reserved, right
Available channel list does not have channel time slot, selects the channel time slot that channel time slot reservation number is few in the channel list reserved
It holds consultation, the identification number ID of the channel time slot consulted and node is stored in acknowledgement frame by the channel time slot consulted
In the extension field of ACK, it is sent to requesting node.
Roadside unit RSU distributes time slot to requesting node according to available channel list and the channel list reserved, right
Available free channel list selects suitable channel time slot to distribute according to available channel list, the channel time slot consulted,
The identification number ID of the channel time slot consulted and requesting node is stored in the extension field of acknowledgement frame ACK, request section is sent to
Point.
Step 5, judge whether requesting node receives the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, if so, executing step
Rapid 6；Otherwise, step 10 is executed.
Step 6, switch channel.
After reserving period RP in control channel CCH time slot, service channel SCH will be switched to by control channel CCH.
Step 7, non-security business data packet is transmitted.
During service channel SCH time slot, each requesting node carries out uncontested communication according to the channel time slot consulted, often
One requesting node is no longer transferred to non-security business data packet in short interFrameGap SIFS, then roadside unit RSU is to request
Node sends acknowledgement frame ACK.
Step 8, judge whether requesting node receives the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, if so, executing step
9；Otherwise, after service channel SCH time slot, step 10 is executed.
Step 9, judge whether current request node needs to transmit there are also data, if so, service channel SCH time slot terminates
Afterwards, step 10 is executed；Otherwise, step 12 is executed.
Step 10, control cycle length is determined.
To the node for being not received by the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, information WSA is declared in the service at oneself
At most increase the length in a secondary control period in data packet, the length in the control period is Tp=0.25ms.
To the node for receiving the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, but current request node also has data to send out
When sending, the length in a secondary control period, the control period are at most reduced in the service declaration information WSA data packet of oneself
Length be Tp=0.25ms.
Step 11, judge whether also to have data to send, if so, thening follow the steps 2；Otherwise, step 12 is executed.
Step 12, the requesting node end of transmission.
Claims (3)
1. method of the multi-channel MAC protocols in conjunction with TDMA, step include the following: in a kind of car networking
(1) it initializes:
(1a) utilizes the multichannel of separation phase, and the channel in car networking is divided into control channel CCH and service channel SCH and is handed over
For the form of appearance；
The time slot of control channel CCH is divided into security information period SP and reservation two periods of period RP by (1b), according to current net
The length of the density setting security information period SP time slot of the security information of network, in security information period SP, with the side of broadcast
Formula transmits all security information；
(1c), using time division multiple acess TDMA technology, is split time slot, is transmitted in service channel SCH slot time
The continuous small time slot of non-security business；
(1d) according to the following formula, calculates the interval time that the continuous small time slot of non-security business is transmitted in service channel SCH time slot:
Ts=10* (Th+Td+TA+TS+σ)
Wherein, TsIndicate the interval time that the continuous small time slot of non-security business is transmitted in service channel SCH time slot, * indicates to be multiplied
Operation, ThIndicate the biography of MAC layer MAC and physical layer PHY expense introduced when the transmission of non-security business data packet
Defeated time, TdIndicate time used when the transmission of maximum non-security business data packet, TAIndicate maximum non-security business datum
After packet is transmitted, the roadside unit RSU in car networking sends the transmission time of acknowledgement frame ACK, TSIndicate that requesting node is continuous
The short interFrameGap SIFS, σ of the two non-security business data packets sent indicate that non-security business data packet is sent out from requesting node
It is sent to the received propagation delay of roadside unit RSU；
(1e) respectively sets the control channel CCH slot length of channel in car networking and service channel SCH slot length to
50ms；
(2) negotiate time slot:
To the business of non-vital data, successively according to " voice ", " video ", " background ", the sequence of " doing one's best " from high to low
It is divided into four priority；In reservation period RP, requesting node is to enhance distributed coordination function EDCF mechanism to roadside unit RSU
Send service declaration information WSA data packet；
(3) length of control channel CCH time slot and service channel SCH time slot is updated:
Information WSA data packet, roadside unit are declared in the service that unit R SU in roadside reads that reserve requests node is sent in car networking
RSU correspondingly increases or reduces control channel according to the information of the control cycle length in service declaration information WSA data packet
The length of CCH time slot；
(4) channel time slot is distributed:
(4a) roadside unit RSU distributes time slot to requesting node according to available channel list and the channel list reserved, right
Available channel list does not have channel time slot, selects the channel time slot that channel time slot reservation number is few in the channel list reserved
It holds consultation, the identification number ID of the channel time slot consulted and node is stored in acknowledgement frame by the channel time slot consulted
In the extension field of ACK, it is sent to requesting node；
(4b) roadside unit RSU distributes time slot to requesting node according to available channel list and the channel list reserved, right
Available free channel list selects suitable channel time slot to distribute according to available channel list, the channel time slot consulted,
The identification number ID of the channel time slot consulted and requesting node is stored in the extension field of acknowledgement frame ACK, request section is sent to
Point；
(5) judge whether requesting node receives the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, if so, thening follow the steps (6)；
Otherwise, step (10) are executed；
(6) switch channel:
After reserving period RP in control channel CCH time slot, service channel SCH will be switched to by control channel CCH；
(7) non-security business data packet is transmitted:
During service channel SCH time slot, each requesting node carries out uncontested communication according to the channel time slot consulted, if each
When a requesting node no longer transmits non-security business data packet in short interFrameGap SIFS, then roadside unit RSU is saved to request
Point sends acknowledgement frame ACK；
(8) judge whether requesting node receives the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, if so, executing step (9)；It is no
Then, it after service channel SCH time slot, executes step (10)；
(9) judge whether current request node needs to transmit there are also data, if so, executing step after service channel SCH time slot
Suddenly (10)；Otherwise, step (12) are executed；
(10) control cycle length is determined:
(10a) to the node for being not received by the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, information is declared in the service at oneself
At most increase the length in a secondary control period in WSA data packet；
(10b) is to the node for receiving the acknowledgement frame ACK with oneself identification number ID, but current request node also has data to send out
When sending, the length in a secondary control period is at most reduced in the service declaration information WSA data packet of oneself；
(11) judge whether also to have data to send, if so, thening follow the steps (2)；Otherwise, step (12) are executed；
(12) the requesting node end of transmission.
2. method of the multi-channel MAC protocols in conjunction with TDMA in car networking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
It suddenly include the identification number ID letter of the information for controlling cycle length and node in the declaration of service described in (3) information WSA data packet
Breath.
3. method of the multi-channel MAC protocols in conjunction with TDMA in car networking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly (10a), the control period described in step (10b) length be 0.25ms.
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| CN107277855B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-12-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | internet of vehicles media access method for guaranteeing security services |
| CN107197479A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-22 | 南通大学 | A kind of automatic channel switching method of the audio/video on-demand suitable for vehicular ad hoc network |
| CN109474918B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2022-03-04 | 睿鑫科技（天津）有限公司 | Short-distance communication method, device and system |
| CN108430111B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Mixed type time slot reservation method in distributed TDMA protocol |
| CN110392358B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2022-06-10 | 青岛农业大学 | Multi-channel MAC method for RSU coordination in vehicle-mounted self-organizing network |
| CN109041013B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-05-25 | 河南科技大学 | Internet of vehicles MAC protocol based on cognitive radio technology and implementation method thereof |
| CN109688566B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-10 | 厦门大学 | Multi-channel MAC layer data self-adaptive transmission method, medium and system in Internet of vehicles |
| CN110198527B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-08-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle cluster communication method based on TDMA-MAC protocol |
| CN116133152B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2024-09-27 | 中科南京移动通信与计算创新研究院 | Multi-dimensional channel access method and device for high-speed carrier ad hoc network data link |
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