CN106058480A - Arbitrary polarized wave generation and calibration methods - Google Patents
Arbitrary polarized wave generation and calibration methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106058480A CN106058480A CN201610382382.8A CN201610382382A CN106058480A CN 106058480 A CN106058480 A CN 106058480A CN 201610382382 A CN201610382382 A CN 201610382382A CN 106058480 A CN106058480 A CN 106058480A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention relates to an arbitrary polarized wave generation and calibration method. The generation method comprises the following steps: generating digital signals in a base band, and carrying out amplitude-phase adjustment and compensation on two paths of orthogonal digital signals; and converting the digital signals into analog signals, up-converting the analog signals into radio frequency signals, carrying out power amplification and distribution on the radio frequency signals through two transmitters, and synthesizing polarized waves in arbitrary polarization directions in an ortho-mode coupler by two signals. In the design of polarized signal calibration, the calibration method includes steps of coupling two paths of a few signals from two paths of transmission signals to enter calibration channels; comparing the consistency of signals in the two channels and searching the minimum difference of two phases of polarization signals by using an optimization algorithm; and comparing the differences of the two paths of signals, feeding the differences back to a polarized wave generation unit, and measuring and compensating the generated signals so as to ensure the consistency of the signals in the two channels.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is applied to DUAL POLARIZATION WEATHER RADAR technical field, uses the method not only can produce the electromagnetism of arbitrarily polarization
Ripple, and polarized electromagnetic wave can be measured and calibrate, and then improve the precision that polarimetric radar is measured.
Background technology
Along with dual polarization radar successful Application in terms of meteorological detection and meteorological particle identification, dual polarization radar is in meteorology
Particle (hail, haze etc.) detection and weather modification field obtain accreditation and application prospect widely.Over nearly twenty or thirty year,
Research both at home and abroad and produce mechanism in succession carried out the further investigation of polarimetric radar technology, particularly polarized wave produce, measure and
The technology such as demarcation.The radar that report polarization scattering matrix is measured the earliest is the DCR radar (1985) that Germany produces.This radar leads to
Cross four variable phase shifters and two 3dB electric bridges realize the function that arbitrarily polarization produces and any cross polarization is launched simultaneously.Logical
After polarizing control flexibly, whole parameter measurements of polarization scattering matrix can be realized, and can be used for analyzing Stockes vector
The measurement of Muller matrix element, is the polarimetric radar that function is the most perfect, the most complicated up to now, but this radar does not comprise pole
Change and demarcate unit.
U.S. WSR88D Doppler radar net is built up in 1988, in complete upgrading in 2011 be dual polarization thunder
Reach.This radar is implemented upgrading by Baron company, uses single-emission and double-receiving or double double acceptor systems, polarization producing method spirit
Live, and the calibrating function of radar can be by user's sets itself.Containing two polarization in the upgrading scheme of WSR88D radar
Network, i.e. the generation network of polarized signal and the demarcation network of polarized signal.During radar emission, by high power varying phase shift
Device and 3dB electric bridge realize the generation of any linear polarization, then pass through two waveguides by microwave signal transmission to orthomode coupler
OMT, it is achieved launch the polarized wave synthesis of signal.The feeder network that it is used is different from domestic conventional polarization feeding network,
It it is the most advanced production method that polarizes flexibly.
In nearly ten or twenty year, domestic several radars research and production unit have carried out the research of DUAL POLARIZATION WEATHER RADAR in succession
And trial production.But the DUAL POLARIZATION WEATHER RADAR of current domestic development generally exists, and polarization purity is low asks with polarization measurement low precision etc.
Topic, result in the erroneous judgement of meteorological particle shape, have impact on DUAL POLARIZATION WEATHER RADAR promotion and application at home.Polarization is caused to survey
The error of amount mainly has two reasons, and one is, current polarimetric radar all uses the microwave-assisted synthesis of high band to produce polarized wave.
When Microwave Net works in high-frequency and high-voltage environment, microwave device is easily affected by outside environmental elements, the polarization of two cross polarizations
Purity can change with temperature, environment.Two are, transmitter power, the gain of receiver and noise level can be the most random
Change and slowly fluctuating, cause the unstability of dual polarization radar system.
It is by ferrite phase shifter microwave polarization networks that traditional any polarized wave produces, and enters high emission power signal
Row phase shift and distribution power, then form any polarized wave by microwave synthesis network.The method is operated in high-power radio frequency ring
Under border, ferrite phase shifter is bulky, is easily acted upon by temperature changes, and causes between polarized wave purity difference, different polarized wave
Isolation is low.The present invention is operated under the low-power environment of numeric field, and phase shifting accuracy is high, controls flexibly, not by environmental condition
Impact.The present invention is capable of between the arteries and veins of polarized wave polarizing the functions such as agile, polarity diversity, cross polarization reception, it is possible to full
Foot Stokes vector measurement, the measurement of Muller matrix, the measurement requirement of polarizability J, polarization scattering matrix, can be applied directly to
Polarization generation, feeder line design and polarized signal in DUAL POLARIZATION WEATHER RADAR process.
At present, it is to form microwave polarization networks by ferrite phase shifter that domestic polarized wave produces, and carries out signal continuously
Phase shift and unequal power distribution, then form any polarized wave with microwave synthesis network.The method is operated in radio frequency band, Gao Gong
In the environment of rate, control high-frequency high-power signal more complicated, and precision is low.And, ferrite phase shifter not only volume is huge
Greatly, and easily affected by ambient temperature, cause the isolation between produced polarized wave purity difference, different polarized wave low.
It addition, the polarization switching of domestic dual polarization radar is also adopted by ferrite polarization switch.There is the weak of temperature drift in ferrite device
Point, during environmental change, polarization isolation declines rapidly.When particularly dual polarization is launched simultaneously, the difference of two passages causes difference anti-
Penetrate the measurement error of rate up to about 4dB, it is impossible to meet the error precision requirement of 0.1dB in meteorological detection.
Summary of the invention
Solve the technical problem that
The one that the invention aims to improve the polarization of ele performance of dual polarization radar transmitting and design is novel
Method.Using any polarized wave that this method for designing produces, its advantage is that polarization characteristic is good, is easily controlled, not by environment and temperature
The impact etc. of degree.As this invention is applied in DUAL POLARIZATION WEATHER RADAR, it is possible to increase the detectivity of polarimetric radar, know exactly
The most all kinds of meteorological particles and detection forecasting weather.
Technical scheme
Devise the polarizing control method of dual polarization radar, it is possible to control radar is launched different mode, high-isolation
Polarized wave.In base band, adjust amplitude and the phase place of two-way polarized signal, create any polarized wave by dual transmitter.For school
The concordance of quasi-polarized signal, devises the polarized signal calibration steps of reaction type.
1) Polarization changer uses phase shift high quick change-polarization switch to realize the control of polarized wave.
2) in base band, polarized signal is carried out width to adjust mutually.The letter of two constant amplitude homophases of I/Q is produced by signal processor
Number, use phase shifting control network (complex multiplier, blender, electric bridge etc. form), base band adjust polarized signal phase place and
Amplitude.
3) I/Q modulation is used to produce radiofrequency signal, synthetically produced any polarized wave.Width phase is completed in phase shifting control network
After adjustment, then augment converter and the amplitude phase error of transmitter introducing.Baseband signal is up-converted to tranmitting frequency, by transmitter
After amplification, respectively enter the H of OMT, V port, the polarized wave needed for formation.
4) amplitude-phase consistency of H, V two paths of signals is carried out on-line measurement and calibration.Use subtest branch road to reception
Passage measures, and by the poor Air conduct measurement amplitude-phase consistency of evil spirit T, the compensation signal that fast searching is optimum, compensates coupling effect
The error that should cause.Polarization networks is controlled, regulates each branch road phase and amplitude of two signalling channels, produce appointing of optimization
Meaning polarized signal.
A kind of arbitrarily polarized wave produces, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
Step 1: produce baseband digital signal V1 and V2 of two-way constant amplitude homophase;
Step 2: V1 and V2 two paths of signals carries out the adjustment of phase place, produces the ellipse declining angle e needed for elliptically polarised wavejθWith
Oval polar angleOutput level polarization H and the two paths of signals of vertical polarization V;
Step 3:H and the equal merit of V signal are divided into I/Q two-way, and wherein the i/q signal on H road is through width phase adjustment unit A1ejα, V
The i/q signal on road is through width phase adjustment unit A2ejβ;
Step 4: the H road after width adjusts mutually is all up-converted to identical with transmitter frequency with the i/q signal on V road
Radiofrequency signal;
Step 5: the signal after up-conversion again after adder, filter process, after amplifying, divides through bonder transmitter
Do not enter the H of OMT, V port, the polarized wave needed for OMT synthesizes.
Described step 2 use polarized wave controller V1 and V2 two paths of signals carries out the adjustment of phase place, described pole
Change wave controller and include digital phase shifter θ, electrical switch, digital phase shifter 90 °, 3dB electric bridge, digital phase shifter successivelyWith
3dB electric bridge.
A kind of method that polarized wave is calibrated, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
Step 1: two-way is launched signal and couples respectively;
Step 2: two-way coupled signal is input to MT, the difference signal taking two paths of signals enters difference channel receiver, and letter
Number ground connection;
Step 3: after difference signal is mixed with local oscillation signal, down-convert to intermediate-freuqncy signal;Intermediate-freuqncy signal is at AD conversion, sampling
Digital intermediate frequency difference signal is become after reason;
Step 4: compare with setting threshold value after digital intermediate frequency difference signal is accumulated: if this difference signal about sets threshold
Value, by difference signal after DA, filtering, then adjusts the width phase of two passage polarized signals;If difference signal is less than setting threshold value, then say
Bright H, V two paths of signals width meets design requirement mutually.
Described step 4 use steepest descent method compare.
Beneficial effect
A kind of arbitrarily polarized wave that the present invention proposes produces and calibration steps, and the method is modulated signal in baseband signal
Width phase, is operated in the environment of lower powered numeric field, controls flexibly, and phase shifting accuracy is high, the most influenced by environmental conditions.The present invention
It is capable of between the arteries and veins of polarized wave the functions such as agile, polarity diversity, cross polarization reception that polarize, it is possible to meet Stokes vector and survey
Amount, the measurement of Muller matrix, the measurement requirement of polarizability J, polarization scattering matrix.Have the beneficial effect that:
(1) use two phase shifters to realize variable power distribution and phase shift, reach the purpose of constant amplitude homophase;
(2) wherein a support arm selects 0 ° or 90 ° of phase shifters by waveguide switch, can realize respectively horizontal polarization,
Vertical polarization is launched and single polarization emission function simultaneously;
(3) due to variable power distribution and variable phase modulation, this invention can produce arbitrarily polarization;
(4) in polarized wave calibration, by a negative feedback, control to make amplitude-phase consistency reach optimal, real-time pole can be realized
Change and control;
(5) negative feedback control is oneFind the process of minima in plane, calculate accordingly, it would be desirable to use steepest to decline
Method reaches the purpose of quick control;
(6) use the poor Air conduct measurement amplitude-phase consistency of evil spirit T rather than directly measure the width phase of two passages.
Achievement of the present invention can be applied directly in dual polarized weather radar, its related ends can also be used for polarization produce,
In feeder line design and the field such as signal processing and polarized signal process.If evil spirit T to be replaced with the transmitting of two same design
Machine, this technical scheme may apply in the polarimetric radar of dual transmitter system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is polarization controller schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is that dual transmitter of the present invention produces any polarized wave schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is polarized wave calibrating principle figure of the present invention
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with embodiment, accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
The present invention is the width phase producing and controlling polarized signal in the numeric field of base band, and in horizontal and vertical polarization
Two paths uses two transmitters carry out power amplification and distribution, and then synthesize the polarized wave of arbitrary polarisation direction.?
In the design that arbitrarily polarized wave produces, first, two-way quadrature digital signal is produced in a base band, by digital phase shifter, electronics
The devices such as switch and electric bridge adjust width phase and the polarization characteristic of two paths of signals, export two-way polarized signal vertically and horizontally.Two
Road polarized signal through frequency conversion, filtering etc. process, produce radio frequency polarization signal, and by two-way transmitter carry out power amplification with
Distribution.Finally, two-way polarized signal synthesizes the polarized wave of arbitrary polarisation direction by orthomode coupler, then through waveguide and
Antenna feeder gives off the electromagnetic wave of arbitrarily polarization.In polarized signal calibration design, two concordance receiving passage are surveyed
Amount.By comparing two receiving branch signals, find optimum compensation signal, feed back to polarized wave generation unit, regulate and compensate
The road phase and amplitude of two signalling channels, produces any polarized signal optimized.
1. arbitrarily polarized wave produces
Common polarimetric radar comprises a high-power transmitter and two channel receiver (respectively horizontal polarization sides
To H receiver and vertical polarization directions V receiver).Transmitter is controlled by working in the polarization Microwave Net in radio frequency environment
Launch horizontal polarized wave, or vertically polarized wave, or two kinds of polarized waves of horizontal and vertical simultaneously.
Polarization Microwave Net is for adjusting polarization characteristic and the pattern of polarimetric radar work of polarized wave, it is possible to realize radar
Single-shot list receipts, single-emission and double-receiving or double of polarized wave are double receives functions.For making radar can work under multiple polarization mode, need to use
Polarization changer switches over.Polarization changer in the present invention uses phase shift high quick change-polarization switch to realize the change of polarization.
For polarization and the interchannel isolation of vertical polarization of improving the standard, at polarization two output ports of switch, cascade two again
Ferrite high-speed switch.Reverse isolation due to ferrite high-speed switch, it is achieved that vertical polarization passage and horizontal polarization passage
Isolation be up to 45dB, the isolation between small-power state lower channel is up to more than 60dB.
Currently, produce polarized wave and generally use a transmitter, in order to reach stable output, the usual work of transmitter
Make in the saturated condition.The radiofrequency signal launched is divided into two-way via evil spirit T (MT), adjusts joint polarized wave at polarization Microwave Net
Polarized state.Generally, polarization Microwave Net is by MT, phase shifter, microwave switch, electric bridge, orthomode coupler (OMT) and auxiliary merit
The compositions such as energy circuit.
Polarization Microwave Net is for adjusting width phase and the polarized wave pattern of polarized signal.Radar signal is divided through the branch road merit of MT
Become two-way, carry out after width adjusts mutually by analog phase shifter, then through 3dB electric bridge synthesis flat polarised direction H of water outlet and vertical pole
Change the two-way polarized signal of direction V.As θ andDuring continuously adjustabe, export two-way both horizontally and vertically H, V polarized wave, through just
Required elliptically polarised wave is synthesized after handing over bonder OMT.Adjust θ andSize, control oval inclination angle and major and minor axis
Ratio, can produce arbitrary ellipse polarized wave.If the upper arm of MT controls 90 ° of phase shifters with a waveguide switch again, when waveguide is opened
When closing 0 ° of phase shift of selection, H, V polarized signal of constant amplitude homophase can be produced, thus produce level, vertical polarization simultaneously and launch signal.
When waveguide switch selects 90 ° of phase shifts, all of transmitting power can be made to fully enter H passage, thus produce horizontal polarization and launch
Signal.The simplified pinciple figure of said method is as shown in Figure 1.If the method works in the width adjusting polarized signal under radio frequency environment
Meet Shortcomings because the phase and amplitude of radio frequency transmissions is difficult to control, the polarization precision of polarized wave can be caused low and
Isolation is low, and polarisation error error is big.
In said method, the effect of MT is the power of distribution two paths of signals.If using two transmitters to replace above-mentioned side
MT in method, can realize power distribution equally.And the function that radio frequency polarization signal can adjust width phase shifts lower powered
Baseband signal realizes.The width adjusting polarized signal in baseband signal has the advantage that mutually at numeric field employing numeral electricity
Road controls the width phase of polarized signal, and control mode is flexible, and precision is high;Phase shift need not high power device under low power scenarios,
Easily produce any polarized wave.
The method using two transmitters there is also deficiency, needs to improve.Such as, transmitter is operated in linear work shape
State, can cause the work efficiency of transmitter and output to decline, and needs to carry out width phase control in digital signal processor.
It addition, the difference of two-way transmitter can bring the disequilibrium of amplitude and phase place, phase shift to be passed through correction correction two-way polarization
The difference of signal.To sum up considering, based on digitized phase shift and dual transmitter technology, the present invention devises a kind of generation and arbitrarily polarizes
The method of ripple.Its principle is as in figure 2 it is shown, its job step is as follows:
1) in baseband signal, digitally produce signal V1 and V2 of two constant amplitude homophases, see the A1 in Fig. 2 and put down
Face;
2) between A1 and A2 plane, V1 and V2 two paths of signals is through two digital phase shifters, two 3dB electric bridges and 90 °
Digital phase shifter (as in Fig. 1 the interplanar polarized wave of P1 Yu P2 control network) output two-way H, V polarized signal, two-way H, V
Polarized signal is used for synthesizing elliptically polarised wave.In the process, adjust ellipse declining angle and oval polar angle can change elliptically polarised wave
Any polarized state, wherein, ejθIt is used for adjusting ellipse declining angle,It is used for adjusting oval polar angle;
3) when A2 plane exports, required elliptic polarization wave parameter has been formed, H, V two-way polarized signal merit respectively
It is divided into I/Q two-way, carries out I/Q orthogonal transformation.
4), after H, V two paths of signals merit respectively divides I/Q two-way, the difference of two-way i/q signal, simultaneously two transmitters can be caused
Width mutually on there is also difference, the inconsistent meeting of two branch roads cause produce elliptically polarised wave error.Thus at two support arms
Upper concatenate a width phase adjustment unit A respectively1ejαAnd A2ejβ, to compensate two branch road width phase mismatches.This stage adjusts polarization letter
Number width be still operated in baseband signal mutually, realize in the digital domain.A1ejαAdjust the I/Q amplitude phase error of H passage, A2ejβAdjust
The I/Q amplitude phase error of V passage.
5), after completing width phase mismatch compensation, in A3 plane, the width introduced with transmitter including I/Q quad upconverter misses mutually
Difference is mended increasing completely.By I/Q upconverter, baseband signal being upconverted to tranmitting frequency, digital signal becomes radiofrequency signal.
6), again after adder, filter process, after polarized signal is amplified by transmitter, OMT is respectively enterd through bonder
H, V port, the elliptically polarised wave needed for synthesis.
7) in order to H, V amplitude-phase consistency is carried out on-line measurement.Outfan (A5 plane) at each transmitter couples one
Fraction emitted energy enters in two-channel receiver.If the amplitude phase error of transmitter is it often fully compensated, then be input to
The amplitude phase error of receiver just represents the amplitude phase error of H, V.From receiver output introducing negative feedback to ejθ、Link just may be used
So that elliptically polarized purity is measured and adjusts.
2. arbitrarily polarized wave calibration
Due to reasons such as steady drift, environment changes, H, V two the amplitude-phase consistency of passage can be destroyed, need to readjust
Width phase θ,The conforming method adjusting and measuring width phase has two kinds.A kind of method is to utilize two-way receiver to Phase amplitude-matched
Property measures, and the method can bring measurement error due to the discordance of receiver self.Another kind of method is to use coupling
Re-use a MT after device and detect the difference of two signals.According to the characteristic of MT, when the same phase time of two-arm constant amplitude, difference signal is 0.Due to inspection
Error of measurement signal is easier to than the signal of detection constant amplitude homophase, so needing additionally design No. one receiver to be used for calibrating H, V two-way
Polarized wave.The target that width adjusts mutually is that the signal difference output of receiver minimizes.
Due to coupling effect, when adjusting amplitude or phase place, another parameter is also with change.The output of poor reception machine is two
Dimension functionFor making functionMinimize, need to use steepest descent method to find Optimal Control path and make
Minimization, the negative feedback formed by signal two-way difference goes to calibrate the phase and amplitude of H, V polarized signal.In sum, double
Passage any polarized wave calibration steps is as shown in Figure 3.The method step is as follows:
1) launched signal by two-way to be coupled out through bonder respectively and launch signal on a small quantity;
2) two paths of signals enters MT, and the difference signal taking two paths of signals enters difference channel receiver, and signal ground;
3), after difference signal and local oscillation signal Frequency mixing processing, intermediate-freuqncy signal is down-converted to.Intermediate-freuqncy signal is at AD conversion, sampling
Digital intermediate frequency difference signal is become after reason.
4) digital intermediate frequency difference signal input signal processor is calibrated.Carry out with setting threshold value after difference signal accumulated process
Relatively.If this difference signal is less than setting threshold value, then illustrate that H, V two paths of signals difference meets design requirement.If this difference signal
More than setting threshold value, by difference signal after DA, filtering etc. process, feed back to polarization controller.Adjust two passage polarized signals again
Width phase.Compare the difference signal of two-way again through said process, until difference signal is sufficiently small, meets and set threshold value.In recycle ratio relatively
In, use steepest descent method to be optimized and compare.
Claims (4)
1. any polarized wave produces, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
Step 1: produce baseband digital signal V1 and V2 of two-way constant amplitude homophase;
Step 2: V1 and V2 two paths of signals carries out the adjustment of phase place, produces the ellipse declining angle e needed for elliptically polarised wavejθAnd ellipse
Polar angleOutput level polarization H and the two paths of signals of vertical polarization V;
Step 3:H and the equal merit of V signal are divided into I/Q two-way, and wherein the i/q signal on H road is through width phase adjustment unit A1ejα, V road
I/q signal is through width phase adjustment unit A2ejβ;
Step 4: the H road after width adjusts mutually is all up-converted to the radio frequency identical with transmitter frequency with the i/q signal on V road
Signal;
Step 5: the signal after up-conversion again after adder, filter process, after amplifying, enters through bonder transmitter respectively
Enter the H of OMT, V port, the polarized wave needed for OMT synthesizes.
Any polarized wave of one the most according to claim 1 produces, it is characterised in that use polarized wave in described step 2
Controller carries out the adjustment of phase place to V1 and V2 two paths of signals, and described polarized wave controller includes digital phase shifter θ, electricity successively
Son switch, digital phase shifter 90 °, 3dB electric bridge, digital phase shifterWith 3dB electric bridge.
3. the method that the polarized wave producing claim 1 is calibrated, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
Step 1: two-way is launched signal and couples respectively;
Step 2: two-way coupled signal is input to MT, the difference signal taking two paths of signals enters difference channel receiver, and signal connects
Ground;
Step 3: after difference signal is mixed with local oscillation signal, down-convert to intermediate-freuqncy signal;Intermediate-freuqncy signal is after AD conversion, sampling processing
Become digital intermediate frequency difference signal;
Step 4: compare with setting threshold value after digital intermediate frequency difference signal is accumulated: if this difference signal about sets threshold value,
By difference signal after DA, filtering, then adjust the width phase of two passage polarized signals;If difference signal is less than setting threshold value, then illustrate
H, V two paths of signals width meets design requirement mutually.
Calibration steps the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that use steepest descent method to compare in described step 4
Relatively.
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