CN106048599B - A kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface - Google Patents
A kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN106048599B CN106048599B CN201610530580.4A CN201610530580A CN106048599B CN 106048599 B CN106048599 B CN 106048599B CN 201610530580 A CN201610530580 A CN 201610530580A CN 106048599 B CN106048599 B CN 106048599B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of micro- cladding preparation methods of metal or alloy matrix surface, belong to miniature parts surface strengthening technology scope, include the following steps：The uniform roughening treatment in surface；Carrying out flaw detection；Scanning imagery；Carry out whole preheating insulation processing；Micro- cladding processing, the wherein powder sending quantity and powder feeding rate value of industrial personal computer real-time control composite powder powder feeder are carried out, industrial personal computer also controls the rate travel of laser to ensure to wait for that the outer surface of the metal or alloy matrix of cladding forms complete cladding with composite powder；Bright and clean processing is carried out to completely cooling by micro- cladding treated metal or alloy matrix, and to its outer surface., with easy to operate, dependable performance, overall cost is low, product surface after molding is smooth, disclosure satisfy that requirement, improves the advantages that its service life for it.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in miniature parts surface strengthening technology laser micro-cladding more particularly to a kind of metal or alloy base
The micro- cladding preparation method in body surface face.
Background technology
In material laser processing field, Laser Surface Modification Technology has developed for many years, and increasingly by people's
Concern and attention, using very extensive especially in the industries such as automobile industry, aerospace industry, oil, mold.It surrounds
The characteristics of laser processing, people study in succession and the Laser Surface Modification Technology with prospects for commercial application of developing some.Its
In, laser melting coating (deposition) technology is a kind of new surface risen with the development of high power laser the 1970s
Modification technology, it is that alloy powder or ceramic powders are heated and melted rapidly with matrix surface under laser beam effect, light beam
It removes rear self-excitation and is cooled into that dilution rate is extremely low, with basis material in metallurgical binding and the tiny face coat of crystal grain, to aobvious
Writing improves a kind of surface reinforcing method of wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, anti-oxidant and electrical characteristic of matrix surface etc..It should due to using
Technology can prepare the specific function coating that metallurgical binding is formed with matrix, environmentally safe, also have that productivity is high, yield rate
The features such as high and overall cost is low.However, traditional laser melting coating is all to carry out cladding in common alloy steel matrix surface, it is right
The castering action that need to carry out the performance of the metal of surface modification treatment is extremely limited, especially the three-dimensional micro- zero of some precision machineries
Part, strictly to the performance requirement (such as precision, surface smoothness etc.) of part, the metallicity of this kind of part promoted there is also
Need improved space.It is therefore proposed it is a kind of easy to operate, stable and reliable for performance, and disclosure satisfy that precision three-dimensional small zero
The laser melting coating preparation method of part requirement has important research significance.
Invention content
For the not high problem of surface property existing for miniature shaping part in existing increases material manufacturing technology, the present invention is practical
Technical problems to be solved are：A kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface is provided, with easy to operate, property
Can be reliable, overall cost is low, product surface after molding is smooth, disclosure satisfy that requirement, improves the advantages that its service life.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface, the preparation method include the following steps：
1) acetone cleaning and washes of absolute alcohol metal or alloy matrix surface are used, and cold wind dries up；After cleaning
Metal or alloy matrix surface carries out uniform roughening treatment using sand-blasting machine or polishing machine to its surface so that rough surface
Spend Ra<1μm；
2) to above-mentioned steps 1) in metal or alloy matrix after being uniformly roughened carry out integral ultrasonic flaw detection and
Surface dye penetrant inspection ensures flawless and fatigue layer；
3) to above-mentioned steps 2) in carrying out flaw detection treated metal or alloy matrix be mounted on ultra-high precision machine tool,
And its surface microcell is scanned using spatial digitizer, and after scan data is sent to industrial personal computer, industrial personal computer is according to sweeping
Data are retouched to be imaged it；
4) to above-mentioned steps 3) in metal or alloy matrix carry out whole the pre-heat treatment, wherein the pre-heat treatment includes adopting
Matrix is evenly heated to 300-500 DEG C with heater, and to making isothermal holding using thickening heat-preservation cotton around the matrix after heating；
5) industrial personal computer controls the micro- conveying powder feeder of composite powder and laser to above-mentioned steps 3 according to imaging results) in
Metal or alloy matrix carries out micro- cladding processing, the wherein powder sending quantity of industrial personal computer real-time control composite powder powder feeder and powder feeding
Rate value, industrial personal computer also control the rate travel of laser and the incident direction of laser beam, with ensure to wait for cladding metal or
The outer surface of alloy substrate forms complete cladding with composite powder；
6) to above-mentioned steps 5) in it is completely cooling by micro- cladding treated metal or alloy matrix, and to its appearance
Face carries out bright and clean processing.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, in above-mentioned steps 5) in, composite powder powder feeder is used for compound
Powder carry out powder feeding, wherein the ingredient of composite powder be Ni-Fe-carbon-cobalt-chromium-boron-silicon nanopowder, wherein above-mentioned nickel, iron,
Carbon, cobalt, chromium, boron, silicon mass percent be：30：25：10：20：18：4：5.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, above-mentioned steps 5) in laser use ND:YAG laser or
Optical fiber laser.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, the ND:The parameter section of YAG laser or optical fiber laser
Ranging from：Focus lamp focal length f is 200-250mm, and cladding power is 1-4.2KW；Sweep speed is 20-80mm/min, and hot spot is straight
Diameter is 0.5-1mm, and amplitude is：5-50 μm, frequency 50-400Hz, overlapping rate 50%.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, described by micro- cladding treated micro- cladding thickness is 10-50 μ
The granularity of m, the metal or alloy crystal grain of micro- cladding layer are 300-500 mesh.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, styrene, nylon, poly- carbonic acid are also added in the composite powder
Any material in ester, polyimides, polyether-ether-ketone.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, the metal includes any in titanium, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, tungsten, is closed
Gold includes any in high-speed steel, stainless steel, tool steel, titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, cochrome, tungsten alloy, hard alloy.
As advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, the industrial personal computer include programmable PLC controller, display,
Input equipment, memory, wherein input equipment, display store it and are connected with PLC controller by data line, and deposit
The composite powder powder feeder of the input equipment input is provided in reservoir send component and powder feeding rate threshold value, PLC controls
The powder feeding component and powder feeding rate of device control composite powder powder feeder processed are less than or equal to powder sending quantity and powder feeding rate threshold value.
Further include as advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, in the step 5) in micro- cladding processing procedure, it is right
Metal or alloy matrix carries out vibration processing, completes micro- cladding under vibrating conditions.
Compared with increases material manufacturing technology in the prior art, a kind of micro- cladding of metal or alloy matrix surface using the present invention
Preparation method has the following advantages that：
(1) easy to operate, and metal or alloy performance after cladding effectively improves, especially mechanical strength, wear-resisting
Performance, high temperature resistant, mobile performance effectively improve.
(2) cladding process can effectively be ensured by the working condition of automation control laser and composite powder powder feeder
Precise effect controls.
(3) product smoothness after molding is obviously improved, and can be suitable for enterprise's production and be prepared, and pass through above-mentioned preparation
Method effectively reduces manufacturing cost, and financial burden is alleviated for enterprise.
(4) by carrying out vibration processing in cladding process, the surface quality of final products can be improved, improve its use
Service life.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is a kind of production process schematic diagram of the micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface of 1 couple of present invention illustrates below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface, the preparation method include the following steps：
1) acetone cleaning and washes of absolute alcohol metal or alloy matrix surface are used, and cold wind dries up；After cleaning
Metal or alloy matrix surface carries out uniform roughening treatment using sand-blasting machine or polishing machine to its surface so that rough surface
It spends Ra and is less than 1 μm；
2) to above-mentioned steps 1) in metal or alloy matrix after being uniformly roughened carry out integral ultrasonic flaw detection and
Surface dye penetrant inspection ensures flawless and fatigue layer；
3) to above-mentioned steps 2) in carrying out flaw detection treated metal or alloy matrix be mounted on ultra-high precision machine tool,
And its surface microcell is scanned using spatial digitizer, and after scan data is sent to industrial personal computer, industrial personal computer is according to sweeping
Data are retouched to be imaged it；
4) to above-mentioned steps 3) in metal or alloy matrix carry out whole the pre-heat treatment, wherein the pre-heat treatment includes adopting
Matrix is evenly heated to 300-500 DEG C with heater, and to making isothermal holding using thickening heat-preservation cotton around the matrix after heating；
5) industrial personal computer controls the micro- conveying powder feeder of composite powder and laser to above-mentioned steps 3 according to imaging results) in
Metal or alloy matrix carries out micro- cladding processing, the wherein powder sending quantity of industrial personal computer real-time control composite powder powder feeder and powder feeding
Rate value, industrial personal computer also control the rate travel of laser and the incident direction of laser beam, with ensure to wait for cladding metal or
The outer surface of alloy substrate forms complete cladding with composite powder；
6) to above-mentioned steps 5) in it is completely cooling by micro- cladding treated metal or alloy matrix, and to its appearance
Face carries out bright and clean processing.
In above-mentioned steps 5) in, composite powder powder feeder be used for composite powder carry out powder feeding, wherein composite powder at
It is divided into Ni-Fe-carbon-cobalt-chromium-boron-silicon nanopowder, wherein the mass percent of above-mentioned nickel, iron, carbon, cobalt, chromium, boron, silicon is：
30：25：10：20：18：4：5.Above-mentioned steps 5) in laser use ND:YAG laser or optical fiber laser.The ND:
The parameter section of YAG laser or optical fiber laser is ranging from：Focus lamp focal length f is 200-250mm, and cladding power is 1-
4.2KW；Sweep speed is 20-80mm/min, spot diameter 0.5-1mm, and amplitude is：5-50 μm, frequency 50-400Hz takes
It is 50% to connect rate.Described by micro- cladding treated micro- cladding thickness is 10-50 μm, and the metal or alloy of micro- cladding layer is brilliant
The granularity of grain is 300-500 mesh.Styrene, nylon, makrolon, polyimides, polyethers are also added in the composite powder
Any material in ether ketone.The metal include it is any in titanium, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, tungsten, alloy include high-speed steel, stainless steel,
It is any in tool steel, titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, cochrome, tungsten alloy, hard alloy.The industrial personal computer includes programmable
PLC controller, display, input equipment, memory, wherein input equipment, display, store it and pass through data line and PLC
Controller is connected, and be provided in memory input equipment input composite powder powder feeder send component and
Powder feeding rate threshold value, PLC controller control composite powder powder feeder powder feeding component and powder feeding rate be less than or equal to powder sending quantity and
Powder feeding rate threshold value.
Further include as advanced optimizing for above-mentioned technical proposal, in the step 5) in micro- cladding processing procedure, it is right
Metal or alloy matrix carries out vibration processing, completes micro- cladding under vibrating conditions.Above-mentioned is for just to the description of embodiment
It can be understood and applied the invention in those skilled in the art.Person skilled in the art obviously can be easy
Various modifications are made in ground to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other examples without passing through
Performing creative labour.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to embodiment here, those skilled in the art's announcement according to the present invention, no
The improvement and modification that disengaging scope is made all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of micro- cladding preparation method of metal or alloy matrix surface, which is characterized in that the preparation method includes the following steps：
1）Using acetone cleaning and washes of absolute alcohol metal or alloy matrix surface, and cold wind dries up；To the metal after cleaning
Either alloy substrate surface carries out uniform roughening treatment using sand-blasting machine or polishing machine to its surface so that surface roughness Ra
Less than 1 μm；
2）To above-mentioned steps 1）The middle metal or alloy matrix after being uniformly roughened carries out integral ultrasonic flaw detection and surface
Dye penetrant inspection ensures flawless and fatigue layer；
3）To above-mentioned steps 2）Middle carrying out flaw detection treated metal or alloy matrix is mounted on ultra-high precision machine tool, and profit
Its surface microcell is scanned with spatial digitizer, and after scan data is sent to industrial personal computer, industrial personal computer is according to scanning number
It is imaged according to it；
4）To above-mentioned steps 3）In metal or alloy matrix carry out whole the pre-heat treatment, wherein the pre-heat treatment include using plus
Hot device is evenly heated matrix to 300-500 DEG C, and to making isothermal holding using thickening heat-preservation cotton around the matrix after heating；
5）Industrial personal computer controls the micro- conveying powder feeder of composite powder and laser to above-mentioned steps 3 according to imaging results）In metal
Or alloy substrate carries out micro- cladding processing, the wherein powder sending quantity and powder feeding rate of industrial personal computer real-time control composite powder powder feeder
Value, industrial personal computer also controls the rate travel of laser and the incident direction of laser beam, to ensure to wait for the metal or alloy of cladding
The outer surface of matrix forms complete cladding with composite powder；
6）To above-mentioned steps 5）It is middle completely cooling by micro- cladding treated metal or alloy matrix, and to its outer surface into
The bright and clean processing of row；
7）In above-mentioned steps 5）In, composite powder powder feeder is used to carry out powder feeding, the wherein ingredient of composite powder to composite powder
For Ni-Fe-carbon-cobalt-chromium-boron-silicon nanopowder, wherein the mass percent of above-mentioned nickel, iron, carbon, cobalt, chromium, boron, silicon is：30：
25：10：20：18：4：5.
2. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is above-mentioned
Step 5）In laser use ND:YAG laser or optical fiber laser.
3. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
ND:The parameter section of YAG laser or optical fiber laser is ranging from：Focus lamp focal length f is 200-250mm, and cladding power is
1-4.2KW；Sweep speed is 20-80mm/min, spot diameter 0.5-1mm, and amplitude is：5-50 μm, frequency 50-400Hz,
Overlapping rate is 50%.
4. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
It it is 10-50 μm by micro- cladding treated micro- cladding thickness, the grain size of the metal or alloy crystal grain of micro- cladding layer is
300-500 mesh.
5. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Any material in styrene, nylon, makrolon, polyimides, polyether-ether-ketone is also added in composite powder.
6. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to any one of claims 1-5, special
Sign is：The metal includes any in titanium, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, tungsten, and alloy includes high-speed steel, stainless steel, tool steel, titanium
It is any in alloy, high temperature alloy, cochrome, tungsten alloy, hard alloy.
7. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to any one of claims 1-5, special
Sign is：The industrial personal computer includes programmable PLC controller, display, input equipment, memory, wherein input equipment, aobvious
Show device, store it and be connected with PLC controller by data line, and is provided with the input equipment input in memory
Composite powder powder feeder send component and powder feeding rate threshold value, PLC controller controls the powder feeding component of composite powder powder feeder
It is less than or equal to powder sending quantity and powder feeding rate threshold value with powder feeding rate.
8. the micro- cladding preparation method of a kind of metal or alloy matrix surface according to any one of claims 1-5, special
Sign is：The step 5）In further include in micro- cladding processing procedure, to metal or alloy matrix carry out vibration processing, shaking
Micro- cladding is completed under the conditions of dynamic.
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| CN109530592A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-29 | 攀枝花市科发机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high speed steel shaft forging technology |
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| CN109023346A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-18 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of laser melting coating residual stress Discrete control method |
| CN109530910B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-09-01 | 绵阳高新区天力机械有限责任公司 | Method for changing surface roughness of product by using laser |
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| CN101695752A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2010-04-21 | 淮海工学院 | Precise laser micro-forming and powder feed method and coaxial laser powder device thereof |
| CN103602977B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-05-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Realize the device of pulse current refinement Laser Cladding Metal Layer solidified structure method |
| CN104831271A (en) * | 2015-05-09 | 2015-08-12 | 芜湖鼎恒材料技术有限公司 | Laser hot cladding process of shaft-type component |
| CN105695988A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-06-22 | 南京辉锐光电科技有限公司 | Repair device and method for railway vehicle wheels and adopted iron-base alloy powder |
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| CN109530592A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-29 | 攀枝花市科发机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high speed steel shaft forging technology |
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