CN106048463B - 一种抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料 - Google Patents
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，其具有如下的成分及质量百分比（%）：C：0.1‑0.4，Cr：24.0‑26.0，Ni：18.0‑22.0，N0.1‑0.3，Al：2.0‑5.0，Si≤2.0；Mn≤1.5，P≤0.03，S≤0.03，Zr0.05‑0.2，Y0.05‑0.2，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质；该合金材料采用常规的熔炼工艺方法，经配料熔制后浇注成型，再经固溶处理即可制备获得，该合金材料具有良好的高温抗氧化性能和耐磨性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，属钢铁合金材料技术领域。
背景技术
随着工业的发展，高温下作业的设备越来越多，这就对高温下作业设备的材料提出了很高的要求，例如，具有好的高温抗氧化性能，高温下耐磨，具有优异的高温强度等等。
高温抗氧化性是保证工件在高温下持久工作的重要条件。钢件在高温空气等氧化环境中，氧与钢表面发生化学反应生成多种铁的氧化物层，该氧化物层很疏松，失去了钢的原有特性，极易脱落。为了提高钢的高温抗氧化性，向钢中加入合金元素，从而改变氧化物的结构。常用的合金元素有铬、硅、铝等。它们与氧反应，在钢的表面上生成致密的、稳定的氧化物层、或者说钝化层Cr2O3、SiO2等，以保护钢不再继续氧化。铬、硅加入量多，钢的高温抗氧化好，但是若硅加入量太多，钢的力学性能和工艺性变差。所以，耐热钢以铬为主要合金元素，以硅为辅助元素。因此，钢的高温抗氧化性主要与化学成分有关。
材料的耐磨性是指在一定的摩擦条件下抵抗磨损的能力，当磨料与材料相互作用时，对材料耐磨性或磨损发生过程主要影响因素有两类，一是材料本身，包括材料的成分、显微组织和力学性能。材料的显微组织对材料磨料磨损过程有很大的影响，材料的成分和处理工艺决定了材料的组织和力学性能。另一是磨料特性和磨料与材料相互作用时的接触应力、相对运动速度、环境、介质等外部参数。同一种组织的材料，在不同的工况条件下或不同的试验条件下也会表现出不同的耐磨性。硬度对材料的耐磨性有很大影响，所以提高抗磨耐热钢的耐磨性的措施就是加入合金元素，提高耐热钢的硬度。常用的合金元素有铌和锆。这些合金元素与碳和氮的亲和力都比较强，加入合金中，在凝固过程中形成高度弥散分布的硬度极高的碳化物和氮化物微粒，这些MC型和MN型微粒稳定性很高，即使在1300 ℃以下也不会完全溶解，可以提高钢在高温下的耐磨性能，所以耐热钢的耐磨性主要与硬度有关。
因此，如何有效提高材料的高温抗氧化性和耐磨性是科研人员重点关注的问题。奥氏体基耐热钢是目前应用最广泛的钢种。本发明在现有材料的基础上，通过成分优化将材料的高温抗氧化性和耐磨性有效的结合起来。
本发明经过科研人员的设计和反复试验，优化了材料的配方，形成完整的材料与工艺一体的抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料制造技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有良好的高温抗氧化性能和耐磨性能的抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
一种抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，其具有如下的成分及质量百分比（%）：C：0.1-0.4，Cr：24.0-26.0，Ni：18.0-22.0，N0.1-0.3，Al：2.0-5.0，Si≤2.0；Mn≤1.5，P≤0.03，S≤0.03，Zr0.05-0.2，Y0.05-0.2，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
其室温抗拉强度为500 MPa以上，伸长率在20%以上。
其生产工艺包括以下步骤：采用常规的熔炼工艺方法，经配料熔制后浇注成型，再经固溶处理，在1100℃固溶处理后，其组织为奥氏体+AlN+碳化物。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
本发明通过向现有钢种ZG40Cr25Ni20中加入氮的同时，也加入铝，铝不但可以在表面形成致密的Al2O3薄膜，提高材料的高温抗氧化性，还可以形成AlN相，作为硬质点弥散分布于基体中，提高材料的耐磨性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例合金材料室温拉伸应力应变曲线图；
图2为本发明实施例合金材料在空气中1000 ℃下的氧化动力学曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
一种抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，其具有如下的成分及质量百分比（%）：
C 0.31
Cr 25.22
Ni 19.93
N 0.22
Al 3.78
Mn 0.56
Si 0.86
P 0.003
S 0.01
Zr 0.13
Y 0.12
余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质
其生产工艺包括以下步骤：采用传统常规的熔炼工艺方法，经综合计量计算和配料熔炼后，浇铸成型，经配料熔制后浇注成型，再经固溶处理，在1100℃固溶处理后，其组织为奥氏体+AlN+碳化物，最终制得铸钢铸件。合金材料在1100℃固溶处理后，室温拉伸应力应变曲线见图1，其室温抗拉强度为740 MPa，伸长率大于40%，均明显优于ZG40Cr25Ni20。图2为本实施例合金材料在空气中1000 ℃下的氧化动力学曲线图，可以看出，本实施例合金材料的增重量低于ZG40Cr25Ni20，显示出较好的抗氧化性。
本发明优化的抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料力学性能好，同时具有较好的抗氧化性。该类抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料是一种极具成本效益的工程材料，可以代替ZG40Cr25Ni20，用于制造锅炉、汽轮机、动力机械、工业炉和航空、石油化工等工业部门中在高温下工作的零部件。
实施例只是为了便于理解本发明的技术方案，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容或依据本发明的技术实质对以上方案所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，其特征在于：其具有如下的成分及质量百分比：C：0.31-0.4%，Cr：24.0-26.0%，Ni：18.0-22.0%，N：0.22-0.3%，Al：3.78-5.0%，Si≤2.0%；Mn≤1.5%，P≤0.03%，S≤0.03%，Zr：0.05-0.2%，Y：0.12-0.2%，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，其特征在于：其室温抗拉强度为500MPa以上，伸长率在20%以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的抗氧化高温耐磨不锈钢合金材料，其生产工艺包括以下步骤：采用常规的熔炼工艺方法，经配料熔制后浇注成型，再经固溶处理，其特征在于：在1100℃固溶处理后，其组织为奥氏体+AlN+碳化物。
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