CN106048396B - A kind of low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof, wherein the low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron includes following components：The carbon of 2.1~2.2wt%, the silicon of 1.6~1.8wt%, the nickel of 34~34.5wt%, the chromium of 2.0~2.1wt%, the manganese of 1.5 ~ 1.7wt%, and its carbon equivalent is 4.1~4.4%, the content of copper is less than 0.5wt%, and the content of phosphorus is less than 0.05wt%, the content of sulphur is less than 0.03wt%, does not contain lead and aluminium.The low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite spheroidal graphite of the present invention can obtain being substantially free of flake graphite, quasiflake graphite, chunky graphite on austenitic matrix, and the metallographic structure of all globular graphites, the content of globular graphite is more than 80% in metallographic structure, graphite size is 6 grades, material has excellent tensile property, heat resistanceheat resistant expansion character and lower temperature resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of spheroidal graphite cast-iron, particularly high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron is a kind of high-strength cast iron material, mainly by nodularization and inoculation in the structure of cast iron
Spherical graphite is obtained, so as to effectively increase the mechanical performance of cast iron, is particularly plasticity and toughness.Spheroidal graphite cast-iron comprehensive performance
Close to steel, there is high intensity, high tenacity, high-wearing feature, can be complicated in stressing conditions, intensity, toughness, wearability requirement are high
It uses, achievees the effect that " with iron for steel " under environment.At present spheroidal graphite cast-iron rapidly developed to be only second to gray cast iron, using ten
Divide extensive cast iron materials.
High-nickel austenite nodular cast iron refers to that nickel content is 13 ~ 36%, and austenitic matrix, and wherein stone are obtained under as cast condition
Ink is the special kinds in spheroidal graphite cast-iron in spherical cast iron.There is atom compact reactor in configuration aspects austenite ductile cast iron
Long-pending centroid cubic lattice structure has stable austenite structure at normal temperatures, therefore with than common spheroidal graphite cast-iron and silicon
The all high thermo-chemical stability of molybdenum spheroidal graphite cast-iron is in aspect of performance, in aspect of performance, combine spheroidal graphite cast-iron, high nickel cast iron,
In place of the advantage of austenitic cast iron, possess excellent thermal-shock resistance, heat creep resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and
Low thermal expansivity and low-temperature impact toughness can be widely applied to manufacture sea water pump, valve, pressurizer shell, exhaust pipe, valve seating
Etc. heat-resisting, anti-corrosion parts product, application prospect is very wide.
The content of the invention
Perfect it is an object of the invention to obtain a kind of metallographic structure, processing performance is excellent, low low temperature resistant of production cost
High-nickel austenite nodular cast iron, simple and easy to control the present invention also aims to obtain a kind of preparation process, manufacturing cost is relatively low, can
Obtain the preparation method of the high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron, including following components：The carbon of 2.1~2.2wt%, 1.6~
The silicon of 1.8wt%, the nickel of 34~34.5wt%, the chromium of 2.0~2.1wt%, the manganese of 1.5 ~ 1.7wt%, and its carbon equivalent for 4.1~
4.4%, the content of copper is less than 0.5wt%, and the content of phosphorus is less than 0.05wt%, and the content of sulphur is less than 0.03wt%, does not contain lead and aluminium.
Herein, what carbon equivalent referred to is the summation of the content of carbon by each alloying element conversion in cast iron, is greatly reflected
The processing performance and application performance of material.
There is the requirement to the chemical composition of high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron in national standard, such as one kind in ductile Ni-resist cast iron
QTANi35Cr3, the chemical composition requirement in GB/T26648-2011 are as follows：
But for cast iron materials, the difference of specific component content wherein between different component, to the metallographic actually generated
The influence of tissue morphology, material application performance, difficulty of processing and final product quality is great.
Content such as carbon in ductile Ni-resist cast iron not only determines the quantity and distributional pattern of graphite, and in processing
The influence of the Production Practice of Casting Technologies such as mobility, shrinkage, the chilling tendency of material is very big, if carbon content is too low, obtained spheroidal graphite
The intensity of cast iron is relatively low, and carbon content is excessively high, and graphite can be made to be distributed into chunky shape, is unfavorable for obtaining the nickelic spheroidal graphite of function admirable
Cast iron.
The content of silicon can influence the heat resistance of material in ductile Ni-resist cast iron, while it contains with the carbon in ductile Ni-resist cast iron
Amount and the form of nickel content meeting synergy Graphite in Cast Iron, when content collocation is incorrect between carbon, silicon, nickel three, graphite meeting
Occur in the form of chunky shape.
In ductile Ni-resist cast iron on the one hand the content of nickel influences the application performance of material, such as inoxidizability, thermal expansivity, separately
On the one hand the formation of austenite and form and the form of graphite in material, when the content of wherein nickel is too small, austenite are also influenced
It cannot be formed at general temperature, inoxidizability is also poor, and when content is excessive, production cost is higher, and graphite is not in material
Can occur with spherical-like morphology.
Chromium in ductile Ni-resist cast iron is a kind of important element, and a small amount of chromium can be fused to austenitic matrix, be conducive to Austria
The stabilization of family name's body, and can act synergistically with nickel and obtain better heat resistance and corrosion resistance, chromium is strong carbide shape but then
Into element, evanohm distribution of carbides can be formed in intergranular, the cutting ability of material is influenced, reduce the elongation of material
Rate and impact resistance, while the shrinkage porosite tendency of ductile Ni-resist cast iron can be increased, increase casting difficulty.
In addition, the segregation of the manganese in ductile Ni-resist cast iron can generate sclerotic tissue, phosphorus exists generally in the form of iron phosphide eutectic
In crystal boundary, when content is excessive, the mechanical property of material can be both influenced.
Present invention further proposes a kind of preparation method of low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron, including following step
Suddenly：
（1）Ferrochrome is added in into smelting furnace bottom, high-purity pig iron, rustless steel scrap and foundry returns is sequentially added, is melted,
Obtain the first molten iron；
（2）First molten iron is warming up to 1410 ~ 1460 DEG C, cathode copper, ferromanganese, elemental nickel is added in thereafter, obtains the second iron
Water；
（3）Second molten iron is continuously heating to 1500 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, spheroidising and inoculation is carried out, obtains the 3rd
Molten iron；
（4）3rd molten iron is poured into a mould to get to the high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron；
In wherein described ferrochrome, high-purity pig iron, rustless steel scrap, foundry returns, cathode copper, ferromanganese, elemental nickel and spheroidising
The total amount of the inovulant used in the nodulizer that uses, inoculation meets so that the high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron includes
Following components：The carbon of 2.1~2.2wt%, the silicon of 1.6~1.8wt%, the nickel of 34~34.5wt%, the chromium of 2.0~2.1wt%, 1.5
The manganese of ~ 1.7wt%, and its carbon equivalent is 4.1~4.4%, the content of copper is less than 0.5wt%, and the content of phosphorus is less than 0.05wt%, sulphur
Content is less than 0.03wt%, does not contain lead and aluminium.
Foundry returns described herein is the waste casting generated in low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron preparation process, pours
The old metal such as mouth, riser.
Smelting furnace is it is preferable to use mandreless spinning, and each ingredient added in smelting furnace is clean pure, especially not
Lead and aluminium can be mixed into, if being mixed into 0.003% lead in molten iron, may occur Wei Shi graphite in microscopic structure, make the mechanics of materials
Performance is substantially reduced, if being mixed into aluminium, may make occur needle pore defect in material, and other trace element such as Pb, Ti, As are not yet
It should be mixed into wherein, the interference of these trace harmful elements is one of the reason for generating flake graphite.
Because nickel has extremely strong inspiratory, to prevent molten iron air-breathing, nickel is in step（2）In addition should be and be eventually adding,
Thereafter molten iron will add thermal insulation deslagging coverture to carry out melting.
In above-mentioned steps, each ingredient for adding in smelting furnace, can also be in spectral measurement hot metal composition except in addition to basic add in
Scalability addition is carried out afterwards.
The fusing point of ductile Ni-resist cast iron is higher, and the mobility of molten iron is poor, therefore, in order to ensure that enough pouring temperatures,
Overtemperature before molten iron is come out of the stove is preferably 50 ~ 100 DEG C higher than general spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
The air-breathing tendency of molten iron is more than general spheroidal graphite cast-iron in high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron fusion process, particularly melts down
When expecting that content is more, therefore air-breathing tendency bigger, there is rust, has greasy dirt or the furnace charge of humidity that can only put into the heat of no iron liquid
In stove, it is impossible to direct plunge into use.In addition, it should be specifically noted that the furnace charge with red iron rust cannot be used, because wherein containing hydroxide
Iron, stability is very strong, is not easily decomposed below 320 DEG C, and hydrogen is not easy to form moisture precipitation and evaporate.
Because of graphite, to fuse into the high iron liquid of nickel content slower, and the generation of form thereafter is apparent by its influence with stablizing,
Therefore for the graphite in the pig iron and foundry returns is enable to be substantially soluble in iron liquid and stable spherical shape is generated in subsequent technique,
Both ingredients are expected as first batch of in step in the present invention（1）In i.e. carried out shove charge.If after late detection component content
The furnace charge of this kind of graphitiferous of scalability addition in molten iron is needed, then should at least keep the temperature 10 points upon an over-temperature condition after its addition
Clock.
In fusion process, too high overtemperature and long soaking time should be avoided, foundry returns also should not be repeatedly anti-
Multiple to use, these factors can all cause the degree of supercooling of cast iron to increase, increase carbide content in tissue.
Preferably：The step（1）In ferrochrome for high carbon ferro-chrome, wherein the mass fraction of chromium is 61%~65%.
It is also preferred that：The step（1）In high-purity pig iron for low-sulfur high-purity pig iron, wherein sulfur content≤
0.03wt%。
It is also preferred that：The step（2）In ferromanganese be high carbon ferromanganese.
It is also preferred that：The step（2）In the elemental nickel be electrolytic nickel.
It is also preferred that：The step（3）Including procedure below：
1）Spheroidising is carried out using the method that pours, nodulizer is added in into the one side in magnesium iron bag first, it is pregnant by first thereafter
Agent uniform fold is educated on nodulizer；
2）Second molten iron is continuously heating to molten iron discharging at 1520 DEG C ~ 1570 DEG C, make molten iron the one side of non-ball adding agent into
Row water outlet, until nodularization is complete；
3）Step 2 is completed in removal）The scum silica frost on molten iron surface afterwards adds in the second inovulant, after the completion of reaction i.e. thereto
Obtain the 3rd molten iron.
It may further be preferable that step 1）Middle to pour method progress spheroidising using dam-type, nodulizer adds in magnesium iron bag
Interior dykes and dams one side, molten iron is against the one side without nodulizer during molten iron discharging.
Above-mentioned preparation method it is also preferred that：The nodulizer is the nickel magnesium alloy that Mg contents are 15 ~ 30wt%, is used
It measures as the 1% ~ 2% of the second molten iron gross mass.
Further preferably described nodulizer is Ni70Mg30 nickel magnesium nodulizer or/and Ni85Mg15 nickel magnesium nodulizers.
The nodulizer is preferably further Ni85Mg15 nickel magnesium nodulizers, is cast with the high-nickel austenite spheroidal graphite
In iron other components and nodularization temperature etc. be engaged, cooperate with after can obtain Oxygen potential higher, mechanical property preferably nickelic Ovshinsky
Body spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
Above-mentioned preparation method it is also preferred that：First inovulant is 75% ferrosilicon, and dosage is second molten iron
The 1% ~ 2% of gross mass, second inovulant are 75% ferrosilicon, and dosage is the 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the first inovulant.
In this preparation method, the process of inoculation employs to be bred twice, wherein adding in breeding for the first inovulant
It is bred for bag bottom, adds in breeding for instant inoculation, in this preparation method, process and nodularization that bag bottom is bred for the second inovulant
The process of processing starts simultaneously at, and mutually promotes, and not only saves the energy and cost, but also has haved the function that integrated synergy, instantaneous pregnant
Further intensive inoculation effect is educated, slows down decaying spheroidisation, is able to that nickelic Austria that metallographic structure is perfect, application performance is excellent is made
Family name's body spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
Above-mentioned preparation method it is also preferred that：The step（4）Described in the temperature poured into a mould be 1520 DEG C~1450 DEG C.
In cast, preferably first moulding by casting chill block observes fracture situation, is further carried out pouring on a large scale
Note.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
（1）Obtained high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron application performance is excellent, possesses in itself in high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron
Excellent performance on, also with preferable tensile property, preferable heat resistanceheat resistant expansion character；
（2）Production cost is significantly reduced, reduces production difficulty；
（3）Foundry returns is recycled, and drastically increases energy utilization rate, energy conservation and environmental protection；
（4）Coordinate the content of the low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron each component, employ special preparation process with
The excellent effect of preparation condition, spheroidising and inoculation, can obtain being substantially free of on austenitic matrix flake graphite,
Quasiflake graphite, chunky graphite, and the metallographic structure of all globular graphites, by austenitic cast iron national standard（GB/T 26648）
Test, obtained graphite size are 6 grades, uniformly, are stablized；
（5）Under relatively low production cost and difficulty of processing, obtained spherical Spheroidal Graphite In Cast Irons of high-nickel austenite
Total content can be more than 80%, if further using Ni85Mg15 nodulizers, the content of globular graphite can be more than 90%；
（6）Obtained high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron resistance to low temperature is excellent.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure when present invention uses Ni70Mg30 as nodulizer.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure when present invention uses Ni85Mg15 as nodulizer.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
（1）By 6kg ferrochrome add in mandreless spinning furnace bottom, sequentially add 115kgQ12 high-purity pig irons and
100kg foundry returns, is melted, and obtains the first molten iron；
（2）First molten iron is warming up to 1410 DEG C, stokehold chemical examination is done in sampling, adds in ferromanganese 2kg, electrolytic nickel 82kg thereafter,
Obtain the second molten iron；
（3）Second molten iron is continuously heating to 1500 DEG C, is ready for spheroidising and inoculation, process is：It will
4.5kg Ni70Mg30 nodulizers add in magnesium iron bag dykes and dams one sides, thereafter by 1.8kg75% ferrosilicon uniform fold on nodulizer,
Second molten iron is continuously heating to molten iron discharging at 1520 DEG C in smelting furnace mandreless spinning, and iron water amount is total iron water amount
2/3, molten iron carries out water outlet in the one side of non-ball adding agent, until going out remaining molten iron after nodularization is complete again；
（4）Step is completed in removal（3）The scum silica frost on molten iron surface afterwards, takes wedge test piece, and whether observation nodularization succeeds；
（5）To completion step（4）Molten iron in add 0.6kg75% ferrosilicon carry out late inoculation, reaction after the completion of to obtain the final product
To the 3rd molten iron, the 3rd molten iron is poured into a mould at 1450 DEG C to get to the low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron；
After tested, Oxygen potential 82%, metallographic structure as shown in Figure 1, wherein being substantially free of flake graphite, worm
Shape graphite, chunky graphite, and all globular graphites, globular graphite total content are more than 80%, and graphite size is 6 grades；
Specifeca tion speeification is as follows：
0.2 220~240MPa of tensile strength Ra 370~450MPa yield strength Rp
7~10% 150~180HBW of Brinell hardness of elongation A.
Embodiment 2
（1）10kg ferrochrome is added in into mandreless spinning furnace bottom, sequentially adds 150kgQ12 high-purity pig irons, 50kg
Rustless steel scrap and 200kg foundry returns, are melted, and the first molten iron is obtained after fusing completely；
（2）First molten iron is warming up to 1450 DEG C, stokehold chemical examination is done in sampling, adds in cathode copper 1kg, ferromanganese 4kg, electricity thereafter
Nickel 140kg is solved, obtains the second molten iron；
（3）Second molten iron is continuously heating to 1510 DEG C, is ready for spheroidising and inoculation, process is：It will
7.6kgNi85Mg15 nodulizers add in magnesium iron bag dykes and dams one sides, thereafter by 3kg75% ferrosilicon uniform fold on nodulizer, second
Molten iron is continuously heating to molten iron discharging at 1530 DEG C in mandreless spinning, and iron water amount is the 2/3 of total iron water amount, and molten iron exists
The one side of non-ball adding agent carries out water outlet, until going out remaining molten iron after nodularization is complete again；
（4）Step is completed in removal（3）The scum silica frost on molten iron surface afterwards, takes wedge test piece, and whether observation nodularization succeeds；
（5）To completion step（4）Molten iron in add 1kg75% ferrosilicon carry out late inoculation, reaction after the completion of i.e. obtain
3rd molten iron pours into a mould the 3rd molten iron at 1500 DEG C DEG C to get to the low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron；
After tested, Oxygen potential 98%, metallographic structure as shown in Figure 2, wherein being substantially free of flake graphite, worm
Shape graphite, chunky graphite, and all globular graphites, globular graphite total content are 95%, and graphite size is 6 grades；
More sample testings, Specifeca tion speeification are as follows：
Extension test result
Thermal expansion test result
Embodiment 3
（1）6kg ferrochrome is added in into smelting furnace bottom, sequentially adds 115kgQ12 high-purity pig irons and 100kg foundry returns, into
Row fusing, obtains the first molten iron；
（2）First molten iron is warming up to 1460 DEG C, stokehold chemical examination is done in sampling, adds in cathode copper 1kg, ferromanganese 2kg, electricity thereafter
Nickel 82kg is solved, obtains the second molten iron；
（3）Second molten iron is continuously heating to 1550 DEG C, is ready for spheroidising and inoculation, process is：It will
4.5kg Ni85Mg15 nodulizers add in magnesium iron bag dykes and dams one sides, thereafter by 1.8kg75% ferrosilicon uniform fold on nodulizer,
Second molten iron is continuously heating to molten iron discharging at 1570 DEG C in smelting furnace, and iron water amount is the 2/3 of total iron water amount, and molten iron is in non-ball adding
The one side of agent carries out water outlet, until going out remaining molten iron after nodularization is complete again；
（4）Step is completed in removal（3）The scum silica frost on molten iron surface afterwards, takes wedge test piece, and whether observation nodularization succeeds；
（5）To completion step（4）Molten iron in add 0.6kg75% ferrosilicon carry out late inoculation, reaction after the completion of to obtain the final product
To the 3rd molten iron, the 3rd molten iron is poured into a mould at 1520 DEG C to get to the low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron；
After tested, Oxygen potential 94% is substantially free of flake graphite, quasiflake graphite, chunky shape stone in metallographic structure
Ink, and all globular graphites, globular graphite total content are 92%, and graphite size is 6 grades.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for explanatory embodiment of the invention, and above-described embodiment is only this hair
Bright preferable embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are simultaneously not restricted to the described embodiments, it should be appreciated that people in the art
Member can be designed that a lot of other modifications and embodiment, these modifications and embodiment will fall in principle disclosed in the present application
Within scope and spirit.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method of low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
（1）10kg ferrochrome is added in into smelting furnace bottom, sequentially add the rustless steel scrap of 150kgQ12 high-purity pig irons, 50kg and
200kg foundry returns, is melted, and obtains the first molten iron；
（2）First molten iron is warming up to 1450 DEG C, cathode copper 1kg, ferromanganese 4kg, elemental nickel 140kg is added in thereafter, obtains second
Molten iron；
（3）Second molten iron is continuously heating to 1510 DEG C, spheroidising and inoculation is carried out, obtains the 3rd molten iron；
（4）3rd molten iron is poured into a mould at 1500 DEG C to get to the low temperature resistant high-nickel austenite nodular cast iron；
The step（3）Including procedure below：
1）Spheroidising is carried out using the method that pours, nodulizer 7.6kgNi85Mg15 is added in into the one side in magnesium iron bag first, thereafter
By the first inovulant 3kg75% ferrosilicon uniform folds on nodulizer；
2）Second molten iron is continuously heating to molten iron discharging at 1530 DEG C, and iron water amount is the 2/3 of total iron water amount, and molten iron is in non-ball adding agent
One side carry out water outlet, until it is complete to nodularization to go out remaining molten iron after nodularization is complete again；
3）Step 2 is completed in removal）The scum silica frost on molten iron surface afterwards adds in the second inovulant 1kg75% ferrosilicon, has reacted thereto
The 3rd molten iron is obtained into rear.
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| CN113699433A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-26 | 鹰普机械（宜兴）有限公司 | High-performance high-nickel austenitic ductile iron |
| TWI764846B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-05-11 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | High-carbon steel material containing chromium and method for producing the same |
| CN114804671A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for preparing nodular cast iron grinding ball from iron-rich nickel slag and preparing cementing material in cooperation with nodular cast iron grinding ball |
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| CN100391656C (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-06-04 | 西峡县西泵特种铸造有限公司 | High nickel austenite spheroidal graphite cast iron automobile exhaust branch pipe and casting method |
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