CN106048229A - Low-temperature reduction smelting method for lead-containing compound - Google Patents
Low-temperature reduction smelting method for lead-containing compound Download PDFInfo
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- CN106048229A CN106048229A CN201610501980.2A CN201610501980A CN106048229A CN 106048229 A CN106048229 A CN 106048229A CN 201610501980 A CN201610501980 A CN 201610501980A CN 106048229 A CN106048229 A CN 106048229A
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- Prior art keywords
- lead
- containing compounds
- low
- melting
- temperature reduction
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
Disclosed is a low-temperature reduction smelting method for a lead-containing compound. The lead-containing compound and starch are added into a ball mill simultaneously to be subjected to ball milling and mixing. The mixed materials are continuously conveyed into a smelting pot for indirect heating and are smelted after being heated to a required temperature. Produced wet lead is subjected to electrolytic refining treatment. The essence of the technical scheme is that the starch serves as a reducing agent under an indirect heating condition, and the purpose of producing the wet lead from the lead-containing compound through reducing smelting is realized. The direct recovery rate of the lead can reach 96.0% or above. The starch serves as the reducing agent, the reducing smelting temperature is lowered to 800-850 DEG C, and the energy consumption of low-temperature reducing smelting of the lead-containing compound is greatly lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pyrometallurgical processes in nonferrous metallurgy field, the particularly fire of lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting
Method metallurgical method.
Background technology
Lead is one of the IVth A race element, atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.21, density 11.34g/cm in the periodic table of elements
, fusing point 327.43 DEG C, boiling point 1525 DEG C.The physical property of lead is that hardness is little, density is big, fusing point is low, malleability is good, ductility is poor, right
Conductivity electrically and thermally is poor, high temperature is readily volatilized, fluidity of molten is big.The chemical property torpescence of lead, table in humid air
Face generates PbO2Thin film, loses metallic luster and becomes lead.Rise the formation of high oxide with temperature when lead heats in atmosphere
Order is: PbO → Pb2O3→Pb3O4→PbO2, the high oxide of lead temperature higher than 600 DEG C time will be decomposed into PbO and
O2, oxide the most stable under therefore PbO is high temperature.Lead is soluble in nitric acid (HNO3), boron fluoric acid (HBF4), silicofluoric acid
(H2SiF6) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) etc., but under room temperature with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid effect time, due to Surface Creation PbSO4And PbCl2And
Suppression reaction is no longer carried out.The quantivalence of lead is mainly 0 ,+2 ,+4 valencys, and the sulfide of lead has vulcanized lead (PbS), oxide aerobic
Change lead (PbO), Lead oxide brown (PbO2) and lead orthoplumbate (Pb3O4), important lead compound has ceruse (PbCO3), hydrogen-oxygen
Change lead (Pb (OH)2), lead sulfate (PbSO4) and lead chloride (PbCl2).
It is primarily used to manufacture alloy based on the physicochemical properties that lead is special.Corrosion resistant alloy is used for accumulator grid, electricity
Cable sheath, chemical industry equipment liner plate and pipeline etc., solder alloy is used for electronics industry, high-temperature solder, and battery alloy is used for producing electricity
Pond, bearing metal, mould alloy etc.；Lead is the product after radioelement uranium, actinium and thorium division, can absorb radioactivity and penetrate
Line, is widely used in the protective material of X-ray machine and atomic energy apparatus.The compound of lead is mainly used in pigment, porcelain, glass and rubber
The industrial departments such as glue and medicine department.Wherein lead-acid accumulator is topmost consumer field, and it accounts for the total lead consumption in the whole world
More than 80.0%.Although lead-acid accumulator weight energy ratio is less than MH-Ni battery and Li-ion battery, but owing to its cost performance is high,
Technology maturation and the advantage such as security performance is good, be widely used in the every field of national economy, and lead-acid accumulator usage amount accounts for entirely
More than the 70.0% of the ball secondary cell market share.China has become as the lead-acid accumulator manufacturing nation of maximum, country of consumption in the world
And exported country, a large amount of use of lead-acid accumulator will certainly produce a considerable amount of lead-acid accumulator so that waste and old lead acid stores
Battery have changed into most important lead regenerated resources (generation shake less. lead-acid accumulator recovery technology present situation [J]. the world is coloured
Metal, 2015,9,15-17.).According to State Statistics Bureau and association of China Non-Ferrous Metals Industry data, China's essence in 2014
Refining lead yield reaches 421.8 ten thousand tons, and wherein reviver yield is 160.0 ten thousand tons, accounts for the 37.9% of annual lead yield, and has into one
The trend that step increases.
The smelting resource of lead mainly includes galena, lead oxide ore and secondary resource, owing to lead oxide ore amount is much smaller than
Galena, so the primary raw material of lead smelting industry is sulphide ore, main galena is galena (PbS).Vulcanized lead
Raw ore leaded generally 0.4～9%, needs to enter smelting by the leaded lead concentrate between 50～75% of beneficiation enrichment output
Refining system.Additionally lead secondary resource is also that important lead smelts resource, mainly includes that used and scrapped battery, lead mud, lead pipe, printing are closed
Gold and plumber's solder etc..
The smelting process of lead include pyrometallurgical smelting of lead and wet method refining lead, but commercial Application be entirely pyrometallurgical smelting of lead method.Fire
Method refining lead mainly include direct reaction smelting process, bake with agglomeration shaft smelting and directly lead smelting process three kinds (Peng Rongqiu. lead zinc
Metallurgy [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003.).Direct reaction method of smelting includes precipitating melting and smelting two kinds,
Precipitation melting is to make reducing agent with ferrum, makes vulcanized lead generation precipitation obtain metallic lead in uniform temperature；Smelting is then
Part PbS in concentrate of lead sulfide ore is oxidized to PbO, is then allowed to react generation metallic lead with unoxidized PbS.Both is refined
All there is the shortcomings such as metal recovery rate is low, yield is little, labor condition is poor in lead method, seldom has producer to use.Due to sintering
The roasting blastfurnace smelting technology strong adaptability to raw material, was once widely used in commercial production, i.e. concentrate of lead sulfide ore
Through baking with agglomeration output agglomerate, obtain lead bullion subsequently into shaft smelting, through pyro-refining and electrorefining output
Electricity lead.For simplification of flowsheet, improving production environment, raising heat utilization efficiency, metallargist explores concentrate of lead sulfide ore always
The method directly refining lead, the method is the O that PbS is highly dispersed in melt or gas2Oxidation produces metallic lead and PbO, after
Person and FeO and other component slag making fusing, final output lead bullion, high lead slag and containing SO2Flue gas.Successively it is applied to the side of industry
Method has: base husband's C1-esteraseremmer-N smelting process etc. of oxygen bottom blowing smelting bath smelting process (QSL, SKS etc.) and flash smelting.
Research method about wet method refining lead is a lot, mainly has the leaching of chloride leaching, amine aqueous solution, ammonium sulfate to dissolve and alkali
Property leaching etc., but use wet method lead-smelting method currently without factory, reason is the operability that each method does not all have pyrometallurgical smelting of lead
By force, only minority factory processes leaded complex materials time have a small amount of application.
Generally lead-containing compounds mainly has lead oxide, Lead oxide brown, lead sulfate, ceruse and Lead oxide hydrate etc., Qi Zhonghan
Lead compound main source has two aspects: lead-acid accumulator disassemble after lead plaster and the flue dust of pyrometallurgical smelting of lead process.
The recycling process of lead-acid accumulator be typically first disassemble after be separately recovered again (Gao Qian etc. waste and old lead acid store
Battery crushing separation system research and discussion [J]. accumulator, 2013,50 (1), 3-7), disassembling product has four kinds, and one is
Waste electrolyte, composition is sulfuric acid solution, generally send waste water to process；Two is grid, is mainly composed of lead-antimony alloy, the most again melts
Cast alloy；Three is plastics, generally returns plastics producer and re-uses；Four is scrap lead cream, is mainly composed of lead sulfate and lead oxygen
Compound, is generally used for refining leady raw materials, and the weight of these four product accounts for 10-20%, 20-30%, 10-of accumulator gross weight respectively
15% and 35-50%.The composition of scrap lead cream is owing to cell production companies is different and scraps degree difference, each constituent content ripple
Dynamic, respectively PbSO4(40-60%)、PbO2(25-35%), PbO (5-10%) and Pb (1-5%) and a small amount of Sb (0.5%).Due to useless
Containing substantial amounts of lead sulfate and the multiple oxides of lead in lead plaster, intractability is big so that it is becomes lead-acid accumulator and reclaims
The bottleneck utilized.It is the most all with cathode lead as target that the process of scrap lead cream is divided into thermal process and wet processing, both technique
Product, cuts both ways, and wherein thermal process is applied widely.
Thermal process is that scrap lead cream obtains lead bullion through reduction melting, then electrorefining output cathode lead, has the most molten
Refining and mixed smelting two class.(Li Weifeng etc. regeneration techniques present situation and progress [J] before lead-acid accumulator. China YouSe is metallurgical,
2011, (6): 53-57.), directly individually smelting process refer to scrap lead cream directly reverberatory furnace, blast furnace, rotary furnace, bottom convertor and
Reduction melting in the smelting furnaces such as side-blown converter, discharge after melting flue gas is scrubbed, there is the short advantage of flow process and obtain extensive answering
With, but have that melting energy consumption is high, high-temperature lead dust harzard and the shortcoming such as gas pollution control difficulty is big, generally believe this be due to
In scrap lead cream, the existence of lead sulfate causes.Mixed smelting method is by melting after scrap lead cream and lead concentrate collocation, utilizes lead essence
The chemical reaction heat in ore deposit, makes both synchronize melting output lead bullion.The method is applied widely in primary lead smeltery, surface
On solve scrap lead cream fusion process to temperature and the requirement for the treatment of tail gas, but by high-grade lead plaster low for impurity content and lead
Concentrate mixed smelting, the lead bullion of output is of poor quality, adds the difficulty of purification.For the shortcoming overcoming thermal process to process, grind
Study carefully the wet processing process of staff development scrap lead cream, i.e. scrap lead cream by electrodeposition output negative electrode after Solid phase electrolysis or wet dissolution
Lead, mainly include Solid phase electrolysis technique, leaching-electrodeposition process and conversion-leaching-electrodeposition process three class (Yang Jiakuan etc. scrap lead acid
The progress [J] of battery lead plaster recovery technology. modern chemical industry, 2009,29 (3): 32-37.).Solid phase electrolysis technique is
Scrap lead cream is coated on minus plate and in alkaline system diaphragm electrolysis output cathode lead.Leaching-electrodeposition process is by scrap lead cream
Leaching and electrodeposition output cathode lead, the direct leaching process of scrap lead cream generally uses and can form the acetic acid of coordination compound, hydroxide with lead
The reagent such as sodium, ammonium salt, chloride and alkaline organic.Conversion-leaching-electrodeposition process is then to pass through after scrap lead cream converts desulfurization again
Leaching and electrodeposition output cathode lead, this technique focuses on the aspects such as extraction efficiency and the solution regeneration of lead in scrap lead cream, so leaching
With electrodeposition generally at HBF4Or H2SiF6System is carried out, but different process is slightly different converting sweetening process.
In existing lead bath smelting system, lead concentrate oxidizing semlting, high lead dross reduction melting and reducing slag fuming three
Canonical process all can the leaded flue dust of output, wherein lead mainly exists with lead oxide form, wherein oxidizing semlting and reduction melting
Flue dust all returns respective blending process and processes, and fuming furnace flue dust is high due to wherein Zn content, then need to send zinc hydrometallurgy factory
After sulfuric acid leaching zinc, the sulphuric acid lead skim of output returns again to lead smelting system dispensing.By the lead oxide in original fuming furnace flue dust
It is converted into lead sulfate, not only increases the difficulty that subsequent recovery processes, and bring the risk of environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of tradition lead-containing compounds method for smelting reduction of Ni, the present invention provides a kind of and uses starch to reduce
Agent low-temperature reduction melting lead-containing compounds output lead bullion, and the pyrometallurgic methods that energy consumption is low and environmental pollution is little.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose the technical solution used in the present invention it is: lead-containing compounds and starch are added simultaneously to ball mill
Middle ball milling mixes, and mixed material is delivered in the melting pot indirectly heated continuously, is heated to requiring that temperature carries out melting, output
Lead bullion power transmission solution refining treatment again.The essence of the technical program is that employing starch is as reducing agent under indirect heating condition, real
The purpose of existing lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting output lead bullion.
Concrete technical process and parameter are as follows:
1, ball mill mixing
Lead-containing compounds is sufficiently mixed in ball mill with starch.By lead-containing compounds with starch according to weight ratio 100: 6.0
～15.0 join in stainless steel ball grinding machine, controlling ratio of grinding media to material (stainless steel ball weight and lead-containing compounds weight Kg ratio) is
0.5～2: 1 add a diameter of 5mm stainless steel balls, start ball mill, keep velocity of rotation 60～150r/min ball milling 30～
120min, ball milling terminates rear mixed material and send low-temperature reduction fusion process to use.
2, low-temperature reduction melting
Mixed material is through low-temperature reduction melting output lead bullion.Said mixture material is added continuously in melting pot, by combustion
The external heating mode burning coal or natural gas makes melting pot temperature maintain 800～850 DEG C, starts stirring and makes rotating speed maintain 60
～150r/min, the lead bullion of melting output discharges melting pot continuously, and the further electrorefining of lead bullion purifies.Low-temperature reduction melting
Journey main chemical reactions is as follows:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Described lead-containing compounds is one or more in lead monoxide, Lead oxide brown, ceruse and Lead oxide hydrate.
Described starch is one or more in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis, rice, Radix Ipomoeae and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi starch crops.
The present invention be applicable to process lead-containing compounds, its main component be by weight percentage (%): Pb30.0～
90.0% and H2O1.0～5.0%.It also is adapted for processing leaded flue dust and waste lead acid battery lead cream desulfurization conversion slag,
The present invention compares with traditional lead-containing compounds processing method, has the advantage that 1, the present invention is under indirect heating manner
Using starch as reducing agent, make lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting output lead bullion, vertical yield reaches more than 96.0%；2、
The present invention uses starch, as reducing agent, reduction melting temperature is reduced to 800～850 DEG C, greatly reduces lead-containing compounds low
The energy consumption of temperature reduction melting；3, the present invention have that technical process is simple to operate, technical specification is stable, labor intensity little with produce into
The advantages such as this is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: present invention process schematic flow sheet.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Lead-containing compounds main component is (%): Pb75.0% and H by weight percentage2O3.0%, the starch used is Semen Tritici aestivi
Starch.2000g lead-containing compounds and 180g wheaten starch are joined in ball mill, control ratio of grinding media to material (stainless steel ball weight with
Lead-containing compounds weight Kg ratio) it is 1.0: 1 stainless steel balls adding a diameter of 5mm, start ball mill, keep velocity of rotation
90r/min ball milling 60min, ball milling terminates rear mixed material and joins in melting pot, uses the external heating mode of burning coal to make to melt
Refining pot temperature maintains 810 DEG C, starts stirring and makes rotating speed maintain 120r/min, output lead bullion weight 1452g, and vertical yield reaches
To 96.8%.
Embodiment 2:
Lead-containing compounds main component is (%): Pb75.0% and H by weight percentage2O3.0%, the starch used is Semen Tritici aestivi
Starch.2000g lead-containing compounds and 160g rice starch are joined in ball mill, control ratio of grinding media to material (stainless steel ball weight with
Lead-containing compounds weight Kg ratio) it is 1.0: 1 stainless steel balls adding a diameter of 5mm, start ball mill, keep velocity of rotation
90r/min ball milling 60min, ball milling terminates rear mixed material and joins in melting pot, uses the external heating mode of burning coal to make to melt
Refining pot temperature maintains 815 DEG C, starts stirring and makes rotating speed maintain 120r/min, output lead bullion weight 1460g, and vertical yield reaches
To 97.3%.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) ball mill mixing
Lead-containing compounds and starch are joined in ball mill according to weight ratio 100: 6.0～15.0, controls stainless steel ball weight
Kg is 0.5～2: 1 with the ratio of grinding media to material of lead-containing compounds weight Kg, adds a diameter of 5mm of stainless steel ball, starts ball mill and protects
Holding velocity of rotation 60～150r/min ball milling 30～120min, ball milling terminates rear mixed material and send low-temperature reduction fusion process to make
With；
(2) low-temperature reduction melting
Said mixture material is added continuously in melting pot, makes melting pot temperature by the external heating mode of burning coal or natural gas
Degree maintains 800～850 DEG C, starts stirring and makes rotating speed maintain 60～150r/min, and the lead bullion of melting output is discharged continuously
Melting pot, the further electrorefining of lead bullion purifies.
2. the method for lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described leaded chemical combination
Thing is one or more in lead monoxide, Lead oxide brown, ceruse and Lead oxide hydrate.
3. the method for lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described starch is little
One or more in wheat, Semen Maydis, rice, Radix Ipomoeae and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi starch crops.
4. the method for lead-containing compounds low-temperature reduction melting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described lead-containing compounds
Main component be by weight percentage: Pb30.0～90.0% and H2O1.0～5.0%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108796241A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-13 | 中南大学 | A method of the starch reduction-oxidation lead in low-temperature molten salt |
| CN108823432A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-16 | 中南大学 | A method of the starch reduction-oxidation antimony in low-temperature molten salt |
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| CN101608264A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2009-12-23 | 张天任 | A kind of waste lead recovering method for lead-acid storage batteries |
| JP2011246760A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of manufacturing ferromolybdenum, and ferromolybdenum |
| CN105112671A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 上海第二工业大学 | Harmless treatment method of electroplating sludge |
-
2016
- 2016-06-30 CN CN201610501980.2A patent/CN106048229B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101608264A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2009-12-23 | 张天任 | A kind of waste lead recovering method for lead-acid storage batteries |
| JP2011246760A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of manufacturing ferromolybdenum, and ferromolybdenum |
| CN105112671A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 上海第二工业大学 | Harmless treatment method of electroplating sludge |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108796241A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-13 | 中南大学 | A method of the starch reduction-oxidation lead in low-temperature molten salt |
| CN108823432A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-16 | 中南大学 | A method of the starch reduction-oxidation antimony in low-temperature molten salt |
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| CN106048229B (en) | 2017-11-10 |
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