CN106047390A - Fixed bed reactor used for low-temperature continuous pyrolysis treatment of waste circuit boards, and method thereof - Google Patents
Fixed bed reactor used for low-temperature continuous pyrolysis treatment of waste circuit boards, and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106047390A CN106047390A CN201610653745.7A CN201610653745A CN106047390A CN 106047390 A CN106047390 A CN 106047390A CN 201610653745 A CN201610653745 A CN 201610653745A CN 106047390 A CN106047390 A CN 106047390A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fixed bed reactor used for low-temperature continuous pyrolysis treatment of waste circuit boards, and a method thereof. The reactor comprises a feeding opening, a reaction chamber, a discharging opening, an electrostatic separator, a solid carbon collecting bin and a metal collecting bin, the feeding opening is arranged above the discharging opening, the reaction chamber comprises a feeding screw, a discharging screw and a material plate, the material plate comprises a feeding end and a discharging end, the feeding screw is positioned under the feeding opening and at the upper portion of the feeding end, the discharging screw is positioned at the upper portion of the discharging end, the discharging end is arranged above the discharging opening, the feeding screw comprises a center screw rod, a left screw blade and a right screw blade, the center screw transversely traverses through the left screw blade and the right screw blade, the left screw blade and the right screw blade are vertical to the center line of the center screw and are axially symmetric, a distance between the left screw blade and the right screw blade is 1/3-1/2 of the caliber of the feeding opening; and the solid residue inlet of the electrostatic separator is connected with the discharging opening, the solid carbon outlet of the electrostatic separator is connected with the solid carbon collecting bin, and the metal outlet of the electrostatic separator is connected with the metal collecting bin. The reactor and the method have the advantages of realization of continuous treatment of the waste circuit boards, simplicity in operation, and high economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to useless circuit board process field, particularly relate to a kind of low temperature continuous pyrolysis and process useless circuit board fixed bed
Reactor, and utilize described reactor for treatment to give up the method for circuit board.
Background technology
Pyrolysis, industrial also referred to as dry distilling, is under conditions of anaerobic or anoxia, and it is gas that Organic substance carries out heat resolve
The thermochemical process of body, liquid and solid.Owing to pyrolytic process is carried out under conditions of anaerobic or anoxia, two can be suppressed
English, the formation of furans.Additionally, the coke produced in pyrolytic process has reproducibility, metal-oxide and halogen can be suppressed
The formation of compound.Compared to combustion technology, pyrolytic reaction process is much lower to the poisonous and harmful substance of airborne release.
At present, the pyrolytic process of useless circuit board mainly has two kinds: useless circuit board is the most all pyrolyzed；Useless circuit board
Size-reduced, and reclaimed after metal by physical method, old metal residue is pyrolyzed.The first technique can make the bromine in circuit board
Change organic binding materials such as epoxy resin at high temperature to decompose, destroy it and cohere effect.The composition such as metal and glass fibre is stayed
As solid phase residue in reactor, the methods such as simple pulverizing, magnetic separation, eddy current separation are then used to be sorted recovery.Heat
Solve the gas produced and tar can be used as fuel or industrial chemicals, belong to " preposition pyrolysismethod ".The second technique is physiochemical mutagens
Metal and pyrolysis processing is nonmetal is combined, recovers energy or industrial chemicals, belongs to " rearmounted pyrolysismethod ".
Process useless circuit board by pyrolytic technique, wherein metal and nonmetallic complete group of resin, glass fibre etc. can be realized
Divide resource reclaim and utilization, be a resource recovery technology with preferable industrial applications prospect.
The pyrolysis of useless circuit board is typically carried out in pyrolysis oven, and pyrolysis oven generally has two kinds of mode of heatings, i.e. directly heats
With heating indirectly.Directly heat the heat-carrying agents such as general fuse salt, heavy oil, the grains of sand, metallic particles or high-temperature vapor to make
For thermal source；Heating is general indirectly uses combustion furnace heating or electrical heating.When directly heating, heat-carrying agent directly contacts with material
Make heat transfer efficiency be greatly improved, inhibit the generation of coking to a certain extent, but the separating measure of heat-carrying agent must be increased,
Thus technique is more complicated.The also optional use Novel heating technology such as microwave, radiation.Temperature, heating rate, reaction atmosphere, anti-
Between Ying Shi, the factor such as material characteristic all pyrolytic process can be produced impact, wherein temperature is principal element.According to reaction during pyrolysis
The difference of atmosphere, reaction pressure, reaction medium and catalyst, can be divided into following several types by the pyrolysis of useless circuit board: normal pressure
Noble gas pyrolysis, vacuum pyrolysis, catalysis pyrolysis and fuse salt pyrolysis.
Prior art CN103785667A discloses a kind of useless circuit board plasma pyrolysis and reclaims generation line.This production line
Adding material device, ionospheric plasma cracking furnace etc. is included successively by flow process.The metal in useless circuit board and inorganic matter can be efficiently separated, make gold
Belong to and recycling, and toxic heavy metal is solidificated in inorganic matter, as construction material.But plasma pyrolysis need to consume electricity
Can, at the bottom of capacity usage ratio, energy consumption is high, and apparatus cost is too high, is difficult to operation, is only suitable for miniaturization and processes, it is difficult to amplifies.And nothing
Method realizes the direct recycling of cracking gas, outer row after storage device need to being provided separately or purifying.
Prior art CN102559222A discloses the method for a kind of low temperature distillation stove pyrolysis material.This method for pyrolysis uses
Horizontal gas retort, before pyrolysis starts each time, first needs to stop unloading reaction after reactor heat supply, question response device cooling down
Device fire door or bell, the solid product of a collection of pyrolysis residual before taking out, needs are artificial adds next batch heat in reactor
The material solved.Therefore the method cannot realize material hot under the conditions of continuous feeding and discharging, without automatic distributing and discharging functions, real
Existing high temperature pyrolysis fixed gas is from for providing heat.Input and output material process need to rise gentleness cooling to reactor, reduces the place of device
Reason ability and efficiency, add fault rate.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a kind of useless circuit board treatment reactor and processing method, should
Reactor is stable, easily operates, and can realize being directly separated of charcoal and metal in solid residue, material can carry out batch
Heat treatment, again can under the conditions of hot continuous feeding and discharging.
The invention provides a kind of low temperature continuous pyrolysis and process useless circuit board fixed bed reactors, be used for processing useless circuit
Plate, described reactor has charging aperture, reative cell, discharging opening, electrostatic separator, solid carbon collecting bin, metal collection storehouse, described
The horizontal level of charging aperture sets high than the horizontal position of described discharging opening；
Having feed auger, discharging spiral, flitch in described reative cell, described flitch includes feed end and discharge end, institute
State feed auger to be arranged under described charging aperture, be positioned at described feed end top；Described discharging spiral is arranged on described discharging
End top, described discharge end is positioned on described discharging opening；
Described feed auger includes center bolt, left-hand screw blade, right-hand screw blade；Described center bolt crosses a described left side
Helical blade and right-hand screw blade, the centrage that described left-hand screw blade is perpendicular to described center bolt with right-hand screw blade becomes axle
Symmetry, distance between the two is the 1/3～1/2 of described charging aperture bore；
Described electrostatic separator has solid residue entrance, solid carbon outlet, metal outlet, and described solid residue entrance is even
Connecing described discharging opening, the outlet of described solid carbon connects described solid carbon collecting bin, and described metal outlet connects described metal collection
Storehouse.
Further, the lower limb of described left-hand screw blade and right-hand screw blade and the vertical dimension of described flitch be 50～
150, preferably 80；Described left-hand screw impeller clearance and right-hand screw impeller clearance are placed equidistant or displacement is arranged.
Further, feed end and the discharge end of described flitch are provided with drive bearing, are used for driving described flitch continuous
Rotate；Described drive bearing has two or more.
Further, described reactor also includes two-stage pulverizer, feeding warehouse, push-pull valve；
Described feeding warehouse is fixed on described reative cell top, and near the feed end of described flitch；
Described push-pull valve is arranged on described feeding warehouse lower end, is provided with material position between described push-pull valve and described feed auger
Meter；
The material outlet of described two-stage pulverizer connects the feed(raw material)inlet of described feeding warehouse；
Described feeding warehouse, solid carbon collecting bin, metal collection storehouse have one or more.
Further, described reactor also includes that housing, described housing include reactor wall, support platform, support；
Described reactor wall includes furnace roof, sidewall, furnace bottom, is used for sealing described reative cell；
Described support platform is arranged under described flitch；
Described support is fixed in described support platform, is used for connecting described drive bearing.
Further, described reative cell also includes radial canal and oil gas vent；
Described radial canal is heat accumulation type radiant tube, is arranged on described flitch top and parallel with described flitch；
Vertical dimension between described radial canal and described flitch is 100～450mm, preferably 300；
Described oil gas vent is arranged on sidewall or the furnace roof of described reactor, and the oil gas vent on described sidewall is positioned at described
Under radial canal；
Oil gas vent on described furnace roof is 350～2000mm with the vertical dimension of described flitch, preferably 800.
A kind of method that present invention also offers circuit board that gives up by above-mentioned reactor for treatment, described method includes following step
Rapid:
Step A, is transported to the interlude of described feed auger by useless circuit board granule via described charging aperture；
Step B, described useless circuit board granule is distributed uniformly along the flitch both sides of described continuous rotation, opens discharging simultaneously
Spiral transports solid residue after reaction；
Step C, described solid residue is transported to described electrostatic by described discharging opening via described solid residue entrance and divides
In device, obtaining metal and nonmetal, described metal is transported to described metal collection storehouse, described non-gold via described metal outlet
Belong to and be transported to described solid carbon collecting bin via the outlet of described solid carbon.
Further, before described step A, destruction step is included: the circuit board conveying that bulk given up is pulverized to described two-stage
In machine, carry out coarse crushing and fine crushing, obtain described useless circuit board granule.
Further, the time needed for described destruction step and step A and step B and step C that completes is 1.5～5h.
Further, the particle diameter of described useless circuit board granule is 0.1～2, and being distributed in the height on described flitch is 150
～300；In described reative cell, temperature is 350～1200 DEG C, and pressure is-2～5kPa.
The present invention, by using unique feed auger to construct, can realize the uniform distribution of useless circuit board.Above flitch all
Even being disposed with many radial canals, useless circuit board is static relative to flitch and radial canal in pyrolytic process, it is ensured that it is uniformly subject to
Heat.
During pyrolysis processing, by flitch, feed auger, discharging spiral, the joint operation of electrostatic separator, can be
Under conditions of not blowing out, it is achieved the continuous feed of reactor and discharging, and the classification of thermal decomposition product is reclaimed.Further, pyrolysis is produced
Thing as industrial chemicals or fuel, can improve energy efficiency and the economic benefit of useless circuit board removal process, therefore has relatively
Big advantages for development and application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the left view that low temperature continuous pyrolysis processes useless circuit board fixed bed reactors.
Fig. 2 is the top view that low temperature continuous pyrolysis processes useless circuit board fixed bed reactors.
Fig. 3 is the front view that low temperature continuous pyrolysis processes useless circuit board fixed bed reactors.
Reference in accompanying drawing is as follows:
1-housing；
2,2a, 2b, 2c-radial canal；
3-center bolt；3a-discharging spiral；3b-feed auger；
4-flitch；
5-feeding warehouse；5a-charging aperture
6-push-pull valve；
7-support；
8-reative cell；
9-drive bearing；
10-substrate；
11-support platform；
12-oil gas vent；
13-solid collecting bin；13a-solid carbon collecting bin；13b-metal collection storehouse；
14-two-stage pulverizer；
15-electrostatic separator；15a-discharging opening.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in more details, in order to energy
The advantage being enough more fully understood that the solution of the present invention and various aspects thereof.But, specific embodiments described below and enforcement
Example is only descriptive purpose rather than limitation of the present invention.
Low temperature continuous pyrolysis in the embodiment of the present invention processes useless circuit board fixed bed reactors and includes four parts: charging
System, response system, discharge system, housing.Left view below in conjunction with the fixed bed reactors that Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 show respectively
Figure, top view, front view, illustrate the structure between these four parts and relation thereof.
1. housing: as shown in Figure 1, the housing 1 of fixed bed reactors includes reactor wall, support 7, substrate 10, supports and put down
Platform 11.
Reactor wall includes furnace roof, sidewall, furnace bottom, is used for sealing whole reative cell 8 so that the reaction gas in reative cell 8
Atmosphere is sufficiently spaced from ambient atmosphere.Sidewall and furnace roof can arrange multiple oil gas vent 12, be used for discharging in reative cell 8 generation
Pyrolysis oil gas.The embodiment of the present invention is provided with on sidewall 2 oil gas vents, furnace roof is provided with 1 oil gas vent,
Its position can directly affect flow direction and the time of staying of gas in reative cell 8.
2. feed system: shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, feed system is the most successively by two-stage pulverizer 14, feeding warehouse
5, push-pull valve 6, charging aperture 5a are constituted.Two-stage pulverizer 14 has material outlet, is connected with the feed(raw material)inlet of feeding warehouse 5.
3. discharge system: as shown in Figure 1, discharge system is by discharging opening 15a, electrostatic separator 15, solid collecting bin 13 structure
Become.By Fig. 2, solid collecting bin 13 is made up of solid carbon collecting bin 13a and metal collection storehouse 13b.
Electrostatic separator 15 has solid residue entrance, solid carbon outlet, metal outlet, and wherein solid residue entrance connects
Discharging opening 15a, solid carbon outlet connects solid carbon collecting bin 13a, and metal outlet connects metal collection storehouse 13b.
Discharging opening 15a is under charging aperture 5a, and is both provided with feeding chute, for charging and the discharging of reactor.
4. response system: as shown in Figure 1, response system includes reative cell 8, for the pyrolysis processing of the circuit board that gives up.
As seen from Figure 3, the bottom of reative cell 8 is provided with flitch 4, is positioned on support platform 11.For the ease of describing,
The two ends of flitch 4 are respectively designated as feed end and discharge end.As seen from Figure 1, discharge end passes through discharging opening 15a and electrostatic separation
Device 15 connects.By Fig. 1, it is respectively provided with a drive bearing 9 at feed end and discharge end.It is flat that one end of support 7 is fixed on support
On platform 11, the other end connects drive bearing 9.In drive bearing 9, one is drivewheel, and one is driven pulley, is used for driving flitch 4
Continuous rotation.As required, can arrange several driven pulleys at the interlude of flitch 4, driven pulley upper end has contacted with flitch 4
To supporting role, lower end is fixed in support platform 11.
As shown in Figure 1, feed auger 3b be positioned under charging aperture 5a, the top of flitch 4 feed end；Discharging spiral 3a is positioned at
The top of flitch 4 discharge end, and discharge end is positioned on discharging opening 15a.In embodiments of the present invention, feed auger 3b and plate
It is provided with level-sensing device between valve 6.
Shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, feed auger 3b and discharging spiral 3a are formed by helical blade and center bolt 3, center
Screw rod 3 crosses helical blade.In the embodiment of the present invention, the gap between helical blade is placed equidistant, its lower limb and flitch 4
Distance is 50～150, and wherein preferred distance is 80.
In other embodiments, it is possible to use the mode that displacement is arranged, and be disposed proximate between mid portion helical blade
Gap is less than helical blade gap, center bolt two ends so that material distribution on flitch 4 is more uniform.
As shown in Figure 2, feed auger 3b is positioned under charging aperture 5a, and helical blade includes left-hand screw blade and right-hand screw leaf
Sheet, center bolt 3 crosses left-hand screw leaf and right-hand screw blade.Left-hand screw blade and right-hand screw blade are perpendicular to center bolt 3
Centrage becomes axial symmetry.In the embodiment of the present invention, the distance between left-hand screw blade and right-hand screw blade is charging aperture 5a bore
1/3～1/2.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the special tectonic of feed auger 3b so that useless circuit board granule is from feed auger 3b
Between part to two end motions, it is possible to reduce material is with the operating distance of feed auger 3b, and realizes material on wider flitch 4
Being uniformly distributed, preferred implementation is for using single feed auger.
The little granule smaller for bulk density and powdery give up circuit board, may select and increase at the feeding chute of charging aperture 5a
If deflector, contribute to being uniformly distributed of material.
As shown in Figure 2, reative cell 8 is provided with 3 radial canals, respectively 2a, 2b, 2c, is denoted as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3
Radial canal 2.In other embodiments, the quantity of radial canal 2 can be any amount in addition to 3.
As shown in Figure 1, radial canal 2 is evenly arranged in reative cell 8, and parallel with flitch 4, the oil gas being arranged on sidewall
Outlet 12 is positioned under radial canal 2.Distance between the useless circuit board granule arranged on radial canal 2 and flitch 4 is the least, its
The vertical height of distance flitch 4 is 100～450, is 300 in the embodiment of the present invention.The oil gas vent 12 arranged on furnace roof
It is 350～2000mm with the vertical dimension of flitch 4, the embodiment of the present invention is 800.
The embodiment of the present invention preferred square reactor, it is possible to be designed as cylindrical reactor or other shapes of reaction
Device.The structure of employing square reactor is advantageously in the setting of radial canal 2, so that material is heated evenly, it is ensured that pyrolysis
Uniformly producing and flowing of oil gas.In other embodiments, can select to arrange multiple feeding warehouse 5, multiple solid carbon collecting bin
13a, multiple metal collection storehouse 13b, meet the requirement of reactor feed and discharging.
The process flow process of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
1. ingredient requirement
The fixed bed reactors of the embodiment of the present invention without being strict with, can meet the difform material of process to raw material.
It is directly separated to realize the metal in solid residue, it is thus achieved that purer metal and fixed carbon, the preferred grain of useless circuit board granule
Footpath is 0.1～2.
2. fill process
Close push-pull valve 6, in two-stage pulverizer 14, add the useless circuit board of bulk, start two-stage pulverizer 14, to bulk
Useless circuit board carries out coarse crushing and fine crushing, then obtains useless circuit board granule.Useless circuit board granule is by two-stage pulverizer 14
Material outlet enter in feeding warehouse 5 via the feed(raw material)inlet of feeding warehouse 5.Opening push-pull valve 6, useless circuit board granule is made at gravity
Under with, enter the middle part of reative cell 8 leading portion via the feeding chute at charging aperture 5a.
Useless circuit board granule is continuously conveyed the mid portion to feed auger 3b, along material under the effect of feed auger 3b
The both sides of plate 4 are distributed uniformly.Flitch 4, under the operating of drive bearing 9, can drive useless circuit board granule to be fed forward, make whole
The individual uniform cloth full with substance of flitch 4.
Level-sensing device enters the height of materials of reative cell 8 for detecting, thus controls single inlet amount, it is possible to entered by regulation
Material spiral 3b, changes the distributed effect of useless circuit board granule on flitch 4.
Noble gas access port can be set at push-pull valve 6, in reactor, add useless circuit board opening push-pull valve 6
During grain, it is passed through noble gas.Useless circuit board granule is sent to feed auger 3b under the assistance of inert gas flow.Noble gas
Optional nitrogen, or be other non-oxidizing gas, meet the anoxybiotic requirement of pyrolytic reaction in reative cell 8.
Fixed bed reactors of the present invention can use the mode that single feeds, it is possible to uses the mode of continuous feed.When required
When the inventory of process is less, the fixed bed reactors in the embodiment of the present invention can be used to operate.If the material processed
Amount is relatively big, can increase the area of flitch 4, keeps the continuous rotation of flitch 4, make material on flitch 4 during pyrolytic reaction
Pyrolytic reaction is completed, it is ensured that charging and the seriality of discharging from feed end to discharge end.
3. entry level
In order to ensure the seriality of useless circuit board pyrolytic in reative cell 8, the single material storage storage of feeding warehouse 5 must not be less than
The single material abundance of flitch 4.During pyrolytic reaction, feeding warehouse 5 stores a certain amount of useless circuit board granule, protect
On card flitch 4, the height of useless circuit board granule is 150～300.
4. pyrolytic reaction condition
The pyrolytic reaction occurred in these fixed bed reactors is carried out in the range of 350～1200 DEG C.Useless circuit board
Granule is entered after reative cell 8 by charging aperture 5a, and by the radiant heat transfer of radial canal 2, useless circuit board granule progressively heats up pyrolysis,
When temperature is increased to 480～650 DEG C, the devolatilization in useless circuit board, generates pyrolysis oil gas product and hot solid is residual
Slag product.
During pyrolytic reaction, reative cell 8 to be controlled is in anoxybiotic atmosphere, and maintains pressure in the range of-2～5kPa.
5. mode of heating
The mode of heating of these fixed bed reactors may select Electric heating, fuel mode of heating, high-temperature plasma add
Hot mode etc., the mode of heating of the preferred heat accumulation type radiant tube of the embodiment of the present invention, meet combustion heating system and material in device
The isolation of pyrolysis system.
The heating rate of radial canal 2 controls at 20～60 DEG C/min, and the different temperature rise periods select different heating rates, when
When temperature of charge is less than 280 DEG C, the heating rate of radial canal 2 controls at 40～60 DEG C/min；When temperature of charge is 280～450
DEG C time, the heating rate of radial canal 2 controls at 20～40 DEG C/min；When temperature of charge is more than 450 DEG C, the intensification of radial canal 2
Rate controlled is at 20～60 DEG C/min.If processing useless circuit board granular material, need to use slower heating rate.
6. discharging process and the collection of solid residue
Starting discharging spiral 3a, discharging spiral 3a while starting feed auger 3b makes solid residue by flitch 4
Discharge end is to the unidirectional output of electrostatic separator 15.So can meet flitch 4 while being uniformly distributed useless circuit board granule, to upper
Solid residue after primary first-order equation carries out discharging, thus ensures charging and the seriality of discharging in reactor.
Under the operating of discharging spiral 3a, the solid residue after pyrolytic reaction leads to via the feeding chute at discharging opening 15a
Cross solid residue entrance to enter in electrostatic separator 15.Gold in electrostatic separator 15 under the effect of electric field, in solid residue
Belong to and sufficiently being separated with nonmetal, the most nonmetal for solid carbon.Then metal is gone out by the metal of electrostatic separator 15
Mouth is transported to metal collection storehouse 13b, and solid carbon is transported to solid carbon collecting bin by the solid carbon outlet of electrostatic separator 15
13a。
7. the recycling of oil gas it is pyrolyzed
The pyrolysis oil gas produced in the embodiment of the present invention is quickly discharged by oil gas vent 12, uses chilling method by discharge
Pyrolysis oil gas quickly cools down, and obtains more pyrolysis oil.And the pyrolysis oil gas time of staying in reative cell 8 should be shortened, it is to avoid
The second pyrolysis of pyrolysis oil gas, improves the productivity of pyrolysis oil.The pyrolysis gas obtained can directly be drawn by conveyance conduit as thermal source
Entering in the burner of heat accumulation type radiant tube, the thermal source as radial canal burns for it, it is provided that the heat needed for reaction.
During pyrolytic reaction, the low boiling organic matter that flitch 4 upper epidermis gives up in circuit board granule is first pyrolyzed, under
It is pyrolyzed after layer material and high boiling component organic compound.The pyrolysis oil gas that lower floor's material pyrolysis produces first passes through on it
The pyrolysis oil gas that lower floor can be passed by the carbon residue produced after the material pyrolytic reaction of layer, the i.e. carbon residue on upper strata plays the work of filtration
With, reduce the dustiness of pyrolysis oil gas.
By filtration, the carbon granule in lower floor's pyrolysis oil gas and pollutant can be removed.This filtration is by many factors
Impact, including carbon granule and the particle diameter of pollutant in pyrolysis oil gas, the height of useless circuit board granule on flitch 4, pyrolysis oil gas
Flow velocity etc..
The fixed bed reactors of the embodiment of the present invention can be used as resource and recycle organic compound device, former extracting
Oily timesharing in material, can discharge back segment at pyrolysis gas and set up gas purge system, for improving the quality of pyrolysis gas.
In the embodiment of the present invention, fixed bed reactors have been crushed to out from useless circuit board entrance two-stage pulverizer 14
Material required time is 1.5～5h, and this time can be by the shadow of the useless physical property of circuit board, single inlet amount, heating rate etc.
Ring.
In the present invention, useless circuit board is after pyrolysis processing, and the structure of resinoid bond therein is destroyed, and weakens useless
In circuit board metal and nonmetal between cohesive force, while realizing metal and nonmetal high efficiency separation, reduce follow-up place
The energy consumption of reason process.Additionally, due to the brominated flame-retardant in useless circuit board decomposes during pyrolysis processing the most completely, follow-up
Processing procedure will not produce toxic gas again.
The fixed bed reactors of the embodiment of the present invention are with one of difference of conventional fixed bed reactor: the present invention consolidates
Fixed bed reactor is after the useless circuit board having processed single batch, it is not necessary to lower the temperature, and just can carry out next group and give up circuit board
Charging and the discharging of last consignment of solid residue.Therefore, the radial canal 2 in reactor of the present invention only need to be opened when feeding first
Work is lighted a fire, and in ensuing whole continuous running, only need to maintain the normal heating temperature of radial canal 2.Thus, exist
In reactor running, it is to avoid because the liter gentleness of reactor is lowered the temperature by charging each time and discharging, reduce reactor
Fault rate；The two of difference are: the fixed bed reactors of the present invention can be by controlling feed auger 3b, flitch 4, discharging spiral 3a
Between exploitation speed, it is achieved in pyrolytic process continuous print charging and discharging.
Therefore, the reactor of the present invention both can realize continuously running production, has saved again floor space, has been particularly suited for
The on-site building limited area is invested to build and is produced.
Embodiment
Now obtain the useless circuit board raw material in two kinds, Beijing area (useless circuit board analytical data is shown in Table 1).Two kinds of useless circuit boards are former
Material is numbered 1 and 2 respectively, utilizes fixed bed reactors that useless circuit board 1 and useless circuit board 2 are carried out continuous processing, obtains two groups
The data result (being shown in Table 2) of thermal decomposition product.
First the circuit board 1 that bulk given up carries out coarse crushing and fine crushing by two-stage pulverizer 14, the useless circuit after crushing
Plate 1 granule is stored in feeding warehouse 5.Opening push-pull valve 6, useless circuit board 1 granule is under gravity by the blanking of push-pull valve 6
Chute enters in reative cell 8.
Under the drive of feed auger 3b and drive bearing 9, material is evenly distributed on flitch 4, and to discharge end level to
Front movement.Control feed auger 3b and the exploitation speed of flitch 4, make the thickness of useless circuit board 1 granule on whole flitch 4 be
160mm, is then shut off push-pull valve 6.Open radial canal combustion system, when useless circuit board 1 particle temperature is less than 280 DEG C, control
Radial canal 2 heating rate is 40 DEG C/min；During higher than 280 DEG C, controlling radial canal 2 heating rate is 20 DEG C/min.Pyrolytic reaction
The pyrolysis oil gas produced is entered into condenser system by oil gas vent 12, and pyrolysis oil is reclaimed in condensation.Uncooled pyrolysis gas directly draws
Enter in radial canal 2 as fuel combustion.Whole pyrolytic process Stress control is within 500Pa.When pyrolytic process does not produces
After pyrolysis oil gas, carry out the charging of useless circuit board 2, the useless reacted solid residue of circuit board 1 is carried out discharging simultaneously, keep
Charging and the seriality of discharging.
Solid residue enters electrostatic separator 15 by the feeding chute at discharging opening 15a.Under the effect of electric field, solid
Metal in residue and nonmetal sufficiently separated, metal therein is admitted in the 13b of metal collection storehouse, nonmetal is sent
Enter in solid carbon collecting bin 13a and store.
Process described in the embodiment of the present invention can long-term smooth operation, the product of obtained more stable thermal decomposition product
Rate is shown in Table 2.
Table 1 gives up circuit board analysis result
Table 2 thermal decomposition product data result
(remarks: MadRepresent air-dried moisture, AadRepresent empty dry basis ash content, VadRepresent empty butt volatile matter, FCadRepresent sky
Butt fixed carbon, QNet.arUnit be MJ/kg, % be mass percent.)
Process of the present invention can long-term smooth operation, equipment failure rate is extremely low.
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described by accompanying drawing is only in order to illustrate rather than restriction originally
The scope of invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, the most right
Amendment that the present invention is carried out or equivalent, all should contain within the scope of the present invention.Additionally, indication unless the context
Outward, the word occurred in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.It addition, unless stated otherwise, then any embodiment
All or part of can use in conjunction with all or part of of any other embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. low temperature continuous pyrolysis processes useless circuit board fixed bed reactors, and described reactor has charging aperture, reative cell, goes out
Material mouth, electrostatic separator, solid carbon collecting bin, metal collection storehouse, the horizontal level of described charging aperture is than the water of described discharging opening
Prosposition sets high；
Having feed auger, discharging spiral, flitch in described reative cell, described flitch includes feed end and discharge end, described in enter
Material spiral is arranged under described charging aperture, is positioned at described feed end top；Described discharging spiral is arranged on described discharge end
Portion, described discharge end is positioned on described discharging opening；
Described feed auger includes center bolt, left-hand screw blade, right-hand screw blade；Described center bolt crosses described left-hand screw
Blade and right-hand screw blade, the centrage that described left-hand screw blade is perpendicular to described center bolt with right-hand screw blade becomes axle pair
Claiming, distance between the two is the 1/3～1/2 of described charging aperture bore；
Described electrostatic separator has solid residue entrance, solid carbon outlet, metal outlet, and described solid residue entrance connects institute
Stating discharging opening, the outlet of described solid carbon connects described solid carbon collecting bin, and described metal outlet connects described metal collection storehouse.
Reactor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described left-hand screw blade and the lower limb of right-hand screw blade
It is 50～150 with the vertical dimension of described flitch, preferably 80；Described left-hand screw impeller clearance and right-hand screw impeller clearance
It is placed equidistant or displacement is arranged.
Reactor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that feed end and the discharge end of described flitch are provided with transmission
Bearing, is used for driving described flitch to rotate continuously；Described drive bearing has two or more.
Reactor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include two-stage pulverizer, feeding warehouse, push-pull valve；
Described feeding warehouse is fixed on described reative cell top, and near the feed end of described flitch；
Described push-pull valve is arranged on described feeding warehouse lower end, is provided with level-sensing device between described push-pull valve and described feed auger；
The material outlet of described two-stage pulverizer connects the feed(raw material)inlet of described feeding warehouse；
Described feeding warehouse, solid carbon collecting bin, metal collection storehouse have one or more.
Reactor the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also include that housing, described housing include reactor wall, prop up
Support platform, support；
Described reactor wall includes furnace roof, sidewall, furnace bottom, is used for sealing described reative cell；
Described support platform is arranged under described flitch；
Described support is fixed in described support platform, is used for connecting described drive bearing.
Reactor the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also include in described reative cell that radial canal and oil gas go out
Mouthful；
Described radial canal is heat accumulation type radiant tube, is arranged on described flitch top and parallel with described flitch；
Vertical dimension between described radial canal and described flitch is 100～450mm, preferably 300；
Described oil gas vent is arranged on sidewall or the furnace roof of described reactor；
Oil gas vent on described sidewall is positioned under described radial canal；
Oil gas vent on described furnace roof is 350～2000mm with the vertical dimension of described flitch, preferably 800.
7. giving up by the reactor for treatment one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu the method for circuit board, described method includes following step
Rapid:
Step A, is transported to the interlude of described feed auger by useless circuit board granule via described charging aperture；
Step B, described useless circuit board granule is distributed uniformly along the flitch both sides of described continuous rotation, opens discharging spiral simultaneously
Transport solid residue after reaction；
Step C, described solid residue is transported to described electrostatic separator by described discharging opening via described solid residue entrance
In, obtaining metal and nonmetal, described metal is transported to described metal collection storehouse, described nonmetal warp via described metal outlet
It is transported to described solid carbon collecting bin by the outlet of described solid carbon.
Method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that included destruction step before described step A: bulk given up
In circuit board conveying extremely described two-stage pulverizer, carry out coarse crushing and fine crushing, obtain described useless circuit board granule.
9. according to the method described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that complete described destruction step and step A and step B and
Time needed for step C is 1.5～5h.
Method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of described useless circuit board granule is 0.1～2, point
Cloth height on described flitch is 150～300；In described reative cell, temperature is 350～1200 DEG C, pressure be-2～
5kPa。
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| CN201610653745.7A CN106047390A (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2016-08-10 | Fixed bed reactor used for low-temperature continuous pyrolysis treatment of waste circuit boards, and method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106391675A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-15 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | EW (Electronic Waste) pyrolysis device for solid residue separation |
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2016
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106391675A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-15 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | EW (Electronic Waste) pyrolysis device for solid residue separation |
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