CN106045804A - Method for realizing asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether under aqueous-phase catalysis of chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst based on temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid - Google Patents
Method for realizing asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether under aqueous-phase catalysis of chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst based on temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN106045804A CN106045804A CN201610390141.8A CN201610390141A CN106045804A CN 106045804 A CN106045804 A CN 106045804A CN 201610390141 A CN201610390141 A CN 201610390141A CN 106045804 A CN106045804 A CN 106045804A
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- temperature
- ionic liquid
- complex catalyst
- oxidation reaction
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 sulfoxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical group CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0292—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature immobilised on a substrate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing an asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether under aqueous-phase catalysis of a chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst based on a temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid. According to the method, a chiral thioether compound and hydrogen peroxide are subjected to an asymmetric oxidation reaction under the catalytic action of the chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst based on the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid in a water medium, and a chiral sulfoxide compound is obtained; the chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst based on the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid also contains a chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst unit and a temperature-sensitive material unit. Compared with a conventional chiral Salen Ti catalyst, the catalyst has good water solubility, can be subjected to a catalytic reaction in the water medium and is easily recycled; the catalyst is applicable to the aqueous-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of chiral thioether and has the characteristics of high catalysis efficiency and good chiral sulfoxide selectivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an improved chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst, in particular to a temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst and a method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in a water phase, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of new catalytic materials and synthesis of medical intermediates.
Background
Optically pure sulfoxide is an important chiral auxiliary, and is widely used in asymmetric synthesis reactions, such as C-C bond formation reaction, C-O bond formation reaction, asymmetric Michael addition reaction, carbonyl reduction reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, and free radical addition reaction (Chemical Communications,2009, 6129-6144). Optically pure chiral sulfoxides are active groups of many drugs and their use in the synthesis of biologically active compounds is also very broad, as some of the marketed hot-market drugs modafinil, sulindac and esomeprazole. Many biologically active molecules contain a chiral sulfinyl unit and enantiomers of different stereochemical structures have different physiological activities and metabolic actions. Meanwhile, the chiral sulfoxide can also be used as a chiral ligand to be applied to enantioselective catalytic reaction. Therefore, obtaining the sulfoxide with high enantioselectivity has important theoretical significance and practical value. During the last decades, researchers have made great efforts to develop various methods for preparing optically pure sulfoxides, mainly biological and chemical methods. The biological sulphoxide method comprises the steps of preparing chiral sulphoxide by using enzyme, microorganism and the like, and has the advantages of substrate specificity, high efficiency, greenness and the like, but the application of the biological enzyme or microorganism is limited due to the defects of poor stability, high price, narrow substrate range and the like. Chemical methods are divided into methods such as chiral auxiliary agent induction, resolution and asymmetric catalytic oxidation, and the asymmetric oxidation of thioether is the most practical method for preparing chiral sulfoxide so far. In 1984, asymmetric oxidation of thioethers was first achieved by Kagan using a modified Sharpless epoxidation catalyst (Synthesis,1984, 325-) -326; Tetrahedron Letters,1984,25, 1049-) -and after extensive and intensive research in this field, researchers developed a series of catalytic systems based on titanium, vanadium, aluminum, iron, copper, etc. (Tanaka, T.; Saito, B.; Katsuki, T.tetrahedron Letters, 2002,43,3259; Katsuki, T.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2007,129, 8940; O Maho, G.E.; Ford, A.; Maguire, A.J.Org.Chem.2012, 77,3288; Matmoto, K.; Yamaukchi, T.; Katsuki, T.1704, T.mamura.1704, T.su.su.1704, U.201muir, 201, J.Org.chem., 2008, 77,3288; Matmoto, K.; Yamaukchi, T.T.T.g.1704, T.1704, T.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.201mumu.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t.t., conversion of highly sterically hindered, long-chain or branched substrates was successfully achieved (Dai, w.; Li, j.; Chen, b.; Li, g.; Lv, y.; Wang, l.; Gao, s.org. lett.2013,15,5658). The current literature reports that transition metal catalyzed asymmetric oxidation systems mainly comprise the following components according to chiral ligand classification: has a C2 symmetric chiral diol (phenol) -titanium catalytic system, a C3 symmetric chiral trialkanolamine-titanium and pickaxe catalytic system, a chiral porphyrin metal complex catalytic system and a chiral Schiff alkali metal complex catalytic system (Arkivoc,2011, (i), 1-110; Journal of sulfurr Chemistry,2013,34(3), 301-. However, the series of catalyst systems are carried out in a non-environment-friendly solvent of dichloromethane, and the product sulfoxide has low selectivity, which brings great difficulty to the separation and purification of the product. The existence of the problems greatly increases the synthesis cost of the chiral sulfoxide and limits the industrial production of the asymmetric oxidation reaction of the thioether.
International patents W091/12221 and W094/27988 describe the resolution of the sulphoxide compound as racemate directly into the single enantiomers, and mention is made in particular of the resolution of omeprazole into the single enantiomers. Chinese patent CN1087739, international patent applications W02006/094904, W02007/013743, etc. describe a method for obtaining levo-omeprazole by resolving omeprazole with (S) -binaphthol or tartaric acid to obtain an inclusion complex of levo-omeprazole, and then separating the inclusion complex with silica gel column or alkali to obtain levo-omeprazole. The resolution of omeprazole by the resolution method wastes half of omeprazole, causes environmental pollution and economic loss, and the resolution agent with optical activity is expensive, so the large-scale industrial application of the resolution method is limited.
International patent W096/02535, chinese patent CN1070489, discloses a process for obtaining S-omeprazole by oxidation of omeprazole thioether with a hydrogen peroxide derivative in the presence of a chiral bidentate ligand diethyl tartrate, a titanium metal complex and an alkali. International patent W003/089408 describes a process for obtaining levoomeprazole by oxidation of omeprazole thioether under catalysis of a complex of chiral monodentate (S) - (+) -mandelate with titanium or vanadium, simultaneously in the presence of a base.
Chinese patent CN200380104409.8, international patent W02004/052881, describes a process for the preparation of S-pantoprazole using a chiral pickaxel complex or a chiral hafnium complex. The method is characterized in that under the existence of (+) -or (-) -tartaric acid derivatives and alkoxy pickax or alkoxy hafnium, thioether is selectively oxidized to synthesize S-pantoprazole. CN200610023955 and CN181080803B describe a titanium-containing catalyst formed in situ by coordination of a metallic titanium reagent and a chiral diol to selectively oxidize thioether under the action of tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
International patents W096/17076 and W096/17077 describe methods for obtaining single enantiomeric sulfoxides by selective oxidation of thioethers or selective reduction of sulfones using microorganisms.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction by using a temperature-sensitive material unit and a temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst containing a temperature-sensitive material unit, wherein hydrophilic-hydrophobic conversion can be realized through a temperature condition.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for carrying out asymmetric oxidation reaction on thioether under the catalysis of a temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in an aqueous medium, wherein a thioether compound with a structure shown in a formula 2 and hydrogen peroxide are subjected to asymmetric oxidation reaction under the catalysis of the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst with a structure shown in a formula 1, so that a chiral sulfoxide compound with a structure shown in a formula 3 is obtained:
wherein,
is a temperature sensitive unit;
X/Y is (1-100): 1.
R1、R2、R3Independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl-substituted alkyl or alkoxy;
R4is composed ofn is 0 to 3;
R5is C1~C3Alkyl or hydrogen ofAn atom;
R6and R7Independently selected from aryl, heterocyclic group, alkyl or substituted alkyl.
The preferable scheme is that R in the chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst of the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid1、R2And R3Independently selected from hydrogen, C1~C5Alkyl, phenyl, C containing phenyl substituents1~C5Alkyl or C1~C5Alkoxy group of (a); r4Is composed ofn is 0 to 2; r5Is a hydrogen atom.
In a preferred embodiment, X is in the range: 10 to 100, and Y is in the range of 1 to 10.
In the preferable scheme, X/Y in the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst is (5-50): 1.
In a preferred scheme, a temperature-sensitive unit in the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst is an N-isopropylacrylamide unit and/or an N, N' -dimethylacrylamide unit.
Preferred embodiments, R in thioether Compounds and chiral sulfoxide Compounds6And R7Independently selected from:
c without substituents6~C12Or halogen, C1~4Alkyl radical, C1~4Alkoxy radical, C2~5C of alkoxycarbonyl, nitro or cyano substituents6~C12Aryl of (a);
or not containing substituted C1~C6Or C containing an aryl substituent1~C6Wherein the aryl substituent is preferably C having no substituent6~C12Or halogen, C1~4Alkyl radical, C1~4Alkoxy radical, C2~5Substituted by alkoxycarbonyl, nitro or cyano groupsC of radical6~C12Aryl) or C containing halogen, nitro, hydroxy or cyano substituents1~C6Alkyl groups of (a);
or a pyridine-or imidazole-containing group.
More preferred embodiment, R in thioether compounds and chiral sulfoxide compounds6And R7Independently selected from one of the following substituents:
the most preferred thioether compounds are: methyl phenyl sulfide (formula C)7H8S); 4-bromophenyl-methyl-sulfide (formula C)7H7BrS); 4-methoxy phenyl sulfide (molecular formula C)8H10OS); 4-Nitrophenyl sulfide (formula C)7H7NO2S); 2-methoxy phenyl sulfide (molecular formula C)8H10OS); omeprazole thioether (5-methoxy-2- (4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl) methylthio-1H-benzimidazole (molecular formula C)17H19N3O2S)。
The most preferred chiral sulfoxide compounds are: methyl phenyl sulfoxide (molecular formula C)7H8OS); 4-bromophenyl methyl sulfoxide (formula C)7H7BrOS); 4-methoxyphenyl methyl sulfoxide (formula C)8H10O2S); 4-Nitrophenyl methyl sulfoxide (formula C)7H7NO3S); 2-methoxyphenyl methyl sulfoxide (formula C)8H10O2S); omeprazole (5-methoxy-2- [ [ (4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl) methyl group]Sulfinyl group]-1H-benzimidazole of formula C17H19N3O3S)。
In a preferable scheme, a hydrogen peroxide solution is slowly dripped into an aqueous solution containing the thioether compound and the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst to carry out asymmetric oxidation reaction.
In a more preferable scheme, the molar ratio of the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst to the thioether compound is 1: 50-1: 1000; more preferably 1:100 to 1: 300.
In a more preferable embodiment, the molar ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the thioether compound in the hydrogen peroxide solution is 1:1 to 2: 1; more preferably (1-1.2): 1.
In a more preferable scheme, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 15 to 70 weight percent; more preferably 25 to 35 wt%.
In a preferable scheme, the asymmetric oxidation reaction is carried out for 0.1-5 hours at the temperature of-50 ℃. The reaction temperature is more preferably from-5 ℃ to 20 ℃. The reaction time is further preferably 1 to 1.5 hours.
According to the preferable scheme, after the asymmetric oxidation reaction is finished, the temperature of a reaction system is raised to realize hydrophilic-hydrophobic transformation of the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst, the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst is separated out, and the catalyst is filtered and recovered.
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) performing substitution reaction on the Schiff base compound with the structure shown in the formula 4 and the imidazole compound with the structure shown in the formula 5 to obtain an ionic liquid functionalized chiral Schiff base compound with the structure shown in the formula 6;
2) carrying out coordination reaction on the ionic liquid functionalized chiral Schiff base compound and tetraisopropyl titanate to obtain an ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex with a structure shown in a formula 7;
3) obtaining a temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst by adopting a temperature-sensitive monomer and an ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex with a structure shown in a formula 7 through a controllable free radical polymerization method;
wherein,
R1、R2、R3independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl-substituted alkyl or alkoxy;
R4is composed ofn is 0 to 3;
R5is C1~C3Alkyl group or hydrogen atom of (2).
Preferred embodiment, R1、R2And R3Independently selected from hydrogen, C1~C5Alkyl, phenyl, C containing phenyl substituents1~C5Alkyl or C1~C5Alkoxy group of (a); r4Is composed ofn is 0 to 2; r5Is a hydrogen atom.
In a preferable scheme, the molar ratio of the temperature-sensitive monomer to the ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex is (1-100): 1; more preferably (5-50): 1.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1) the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst adopted by the technical scheme of the invention mainly comprises a catalyst unit and a temperature-sensitive material unit, wherein the catalyst unit takes Ti as a catalytic activity central atom and chiral Salen as a ligand, the catalyst unit shows higher selectivity and high catalytic activity for the asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether, and the yield of chiral sulfoxide is up to 85-98%. The temperature-sensitive material unit endows the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst with better water solubility, so that the asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether is realized by taking water as a solvent, and meanwhile, the temperature-sensitive material unit has a hydrophilic-hydrophobic conversion function, can control the water solubility of the catalyst through temperature, and is favorable for recycling the catalyst.
2) The temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst forms a hydrophilic shell at the hydrophilic end of a temperature-sensitive material in water in the asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether catalyzed by a water phase, hydrophobic active centers are rapidly gathered to form micelles, the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst is an ideal nano reactor, a hydrophobic thioether reaction substrate can rapidly enter a hydrophobic core after being added into an aqueous solution, and when the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is taken as an oxygen source, the hydrogen peroxide can slowly enter the hydrophobic core to oxidize thioether to generate chiral sulfoxide, so that the selectivity and the reaction efficiency of chiral oxidation are greatly improved.
3) The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst is simple, the process conditions are mild, the catalyst unit and the temperature-sensitive material unit in the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst can be randomly regulated and controlled, and a series of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials can be obtainedProportional block polymer PNX(IS)yAnd meets different catalytic application requirements.
4) The asymmetric oxidation reaction of thioether catalyzed by the chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid can be carried out in an aqueous medium, and the defect that the reaction needs to be carried out in an organic solvent in the prior art is overcome.
5) The temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst fully utilizes the hydrophobic-hydrophilic conversion performance of a temperature-sensitive material unit, has hydrophilicity at a relatively low temperature and hydrophobicity at a relatively high temperature, and can be recovered only by controlling the temperature. Overcomes the defect that the chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst is difficult to recycle in the prior art, and greatly reduces the use cost of the catalyst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the catalyst in an aqueous solution; in the figure, b, c and e are respectively PN60(IS)2、PN68(IS)4、PN66(IS)6Transmission electron micrographs at room temperature of three representative aqueous catalyst solutions; as can be seen from FIG. 1, the catalysts can form nano-spherical particles in water, the upper right corner is an aqueous solution diagram of the three catalysts, and the three catalysts can be well dissolved in water to form micelle nanoparticles. b' is FIG. bPN60(IS)2When the temperature of the aqueous solution rises to 35 ℃, the catalyst is gathered, and as can be seen from the upper right picture, the temperature rises, the catalyst is separated out from the aqueous phase, so that the effects of high-efficiency catalysis at room temperature and simple separation at temperature rise are achieved, and the simple recovery and high-efficiency repetition of the catalyst are realized.
FIG. 2 is an infrared characterization (FT-IR) chart of several characteristic catalysts, wherein a is an infrared chart of a traditional catalyst Salen Ti, and b is a catalyst PN68(IS)4B' is catalyst PN68(IS)4Infrared images after repeated use. As can be seen from the figure, the catalyst has the characteristic peak of the traditional Salen Ti, and after the catalyst is repeatedly used, the infrared image is not changed, and the catalyst still has good catalytic effect.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting.
Example 1
Preparation of temperature-sensitive chiral nano reaction catalyst (R)1、R2、R3Both t-butyl), R4The ionic liquid is vinyl imidazole.
Dissolving the resolved (R, R) -cyclohexanediamine tartrate (11.2mmol) and potassium carbonate (22.5mmol) in 20mL of a mixed solvent of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water (5/L, V/V) at room temperature, slowly heating to 80 ℃, refluxing for 2h, placing in a refrigerator, extracting the free (R, R) -cyclohexanediamine with chloroform (4 × 5mL), combining organic phases at 0 ℃, slowly adding an ether hydrochloride solution (11.2mmol, 2mol/L), standing overnight at room temperature, dissolving the single amino protected (R, R) -cyclohexanediamine (8mmol) and 3, 5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde (8mmol) in 60mL of a mixed solvent of absolute methanol and absolute ethyl alcohol (1/1, V/V), adding an active 4A molecular sieve (1g), reacting for 4h at room temperature to obtain a light yellow solid, slowly adding 20mL of a mixed solution of 3-tert-butyl-5-salicylaldehyde (8mmol) and chloromethyl triethylamine (16mmol), dropwise adding the obtained solution to the crude dichloromethane, filtering, and crystallizing to obtain a light yellow solid, and purifying the product by column chromatography, and filtering the crude product by chromatography (SiO)2Acetic acid ethyl esterN-hexane 1/5, V/V) to give CL (3.57g, 83%) as a light yellow powder. For C33H47ClN2O2:C,73.51;H,8.79;N,5.20.Found:C,73.46;H,8.91;N,5.12%.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):ppm14.29(s,1H),13.67(s,1H),8.44(s,1H),8.31 (s,1H),7.30(d,1H),7.26(d,1H),6.99(d,1H),6.89(d,1H),4.43(s,2H),3.55-3.32(m,2H),1.97-1.46(m,8H),1.40(s,9H),1.23(s,18H).FT-IR(KBr):3446,2954,2862,1629,1591,1479,1469,1439,1391,1361,1271,1252,1241,1201,1174,1144,1086,1040,981,934,879,828,803,772,731,711,644cm-1。
To 50mL of dry toluene were added equal amounts of the above solid CL (3.2mmol,1.725g) and vinylimidazole (3mmol,0.28g), N2Refluxing at 110 deg.C for 48h under protection. Distilling the solvent under reduced pressure, vacuum drying, and dissolving the product in CH at room temperature2Cl2To this was added an equimolar amount of tetraisopropyl titanate (Ti (O)iPr)43.2mmol,0.91g) at room temperature for 3h to give the yellow product IL/Ti (salen). FT-IR (KBr) < gamma >max/cm-13437,3310,3073,2973,2933,2882,1653,1540,1458,1384,1365,1263,1172,1130,1051,986,922,881,838,626,518cm-1.1H NMR(500MHz,CD3Cl3):8.11~7.65(s,2H,CH=N),7.18~7.59(m,4H,ArH),6.05(m,1H,N-CH=CH2)4.15(s,1H,C=NCH),3.87(m,1H,C=NCH),3.56(m,4H,N-CH=CH2and-N-CH2-N-),2.36~2.65(m,2H,CH3-CH-CH3iniPrO-),1.46(m,8H,cyclohexyl-H),1.23~1.37(m,27H,H-in t-butyl),1.31(m,12H,CH3-CH-CH3iniPrO-)。
In Schlenk, temperature-sensitive materials and IL/Ti (salen) were added in different proportional amounts, dissolved in anhydrous methanol, and an initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 0.5mmol,0.082g) and a chain transfer agent Propanethiol (N-Propanethiol, 1mmol,0.076g), N, were added thereto2Reacting at 60 deg.C for 24 hr under protection, cooling to room temperature, distilling under reduced pressure to remove solvent, dissolving with tetrahydrofuran, precipitating with diethyl ether, and vacuum drying to obtain yellowProduct PN as a colored solidx(IS)y(x represents a polymer of a thermo-sensitive unit and y represents the degree of polymerization of an ionic liquid functionalized Salen Ti unit). x and y are obtained by nuclear magnetic characterization.
Other catalysts were prepared as described above. Four examples are listed, respectively:
PN60(IS)2:FT-IR(KBr):γmax/cm-13436,3313,3075,2971,2942,2891,1653,1542,1457,1386,1368,1263,1170,1131,1054,985,927,880,836,806,709,624,519cm-1.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):6.24~6.89(m,60H,HC-NH-C=O),6.08(m,2H,N-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl),4.18(m,2H,C=NCH),3.99(m,60H,-CH-CH2inNIPAAm),3.88(m,2H,C=NCH),3.67(m,8H,-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl in IL and-N-CH2-N-),3.45(m,60H,CH3-CH-CH3in NIPAAm),3.06(m,12H,-N-CH2-CH2-N-and-N-CH2-Ph-),2.84(m,2H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),2.64~2.73(m,4H,CH3-CH-CH3ofiPrO-in Ti(salen)),2.38(m,2H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.86~2.12 (m,120 H,-CH2-CH-in NIPAAm),1.71(s,3 H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.43(16 H,cyclohexyl-H),1.13~1.33(54H,H-int-butyl),1.09~1.16(m,384 H,CH3-CH-CH3iniPrO-and NIPAAm);
PN68(IS)4:FT-IR(KBr):γmax/cm-13436,3302,3064,2967,2923,2867,1645,1541,1454,1382,1365,1265,1175,1128,1053,965,920,882,834,809,709,635,624,509 cm-1.1HNMR(500 MHz,CD3Cl3):8.15~7.68(m,8 H,CH=N),7.14~7.64(m,16 H,ArH),6.24~6.89(m,68 H,HC-NH-C=O),6.05(m,4H,N-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl),4.14(m,4 H,C=NCH),3.99(m,68 H,-CH-CH2-in NIPAAm),3.85(m,4 H,C=NCH),3.58(m,16 H,-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl inIL and-N-CH2-N-),3.26(m,68 H,CH3-CH-CH3in NIPAAm),2.90(m,24 H,-N-CH2-CH2-N-and-N-CH2-Ph-),2.78(m,2 H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),2.34~2.68(m,8 H,CH3-CH-CH3ofiPrO-inTi(salen)),2.10(m,2 H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.78~1.98(m,136 H,-CH-CH2in NIPAAm),1.73(s,3H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.47(m,32 H,cyclohexyl-H),1.21~1.38(m,108 H,H-int-butyl),1.06~1.15(m,456 H,CH3-CH-CH3iniPrO-and NIPAAm);
PN66(IS)6:FT-IR(KBr):γmax/cm-13441,3309,3061,2974,2927,2864,1651,1530,1453,1382,1363,1266,1176,1123,1051,963,920,883,836,805,708,625,504cm-1.1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3Cl3):8.13~7.72(m,12 H,CH=N),7.18~7.69(m,24 H,ArH),6.21~6.92(m,66 H,HC-NH-C=O),6.16(m,6 H,N-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl),4.04(m,6H,C=NCH),3.97(m,66 H,-CH-CH2-in NIPAAm),3.81(m,6 H,C=NCH),3.56(m,24 H,-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl inIL and-N-CH2-N-),3.23(m,66 H,CH3-CH-CH3in NIPAAm),3.09(m,36 H,-N-CH2-CH2-N-and-N-CH2-Ph-),2.75(m,2 H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),2.41~2.61(m,12 H,CH3-CH-CH3ofiPrO-in Ti(salen)),2.23(m,2 H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.76~1.82(m,132 H,-CH-CH2in NIPAAm),1.75(s,3 H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.41(m,48 H,cyclohexyl-H),1.22~1.31(m,162 H,H-in t-butyl),1.01~1.12(m,469 H,CH3-CH-CH3iniPrO-and NIPAAm);
PN64(IS)8:FT-IR(KBr):γmax/cm-13435,3302,3066,2974,2924,2860,1655,1535,1455,1380,1365,1264,1174,1125,1054,967,924,882,839,806,709,634,625,507cm-1.1HNMR(500 MHz,CD3Cl3):8.11~7.62(m,16 H,CH=N),7.13~7.67(m,32 H,ArH),6.24~6.87(m,64 H,HC-NH-C=O),6.22(m,8 H, N-CH-CH2-of N-vinyl),4.46(m,8H,C=NCH),4.05(m,64H,-CH-CH2-in NIPAAm),3.78(m,8H,C=NCH),3.58(m,32H,-CH-CH2-of N-vinylin IL and-N-CH2-N-),3.18(m,64H,CH3-CH-CH3in NIPAAm),2.86(m,48H,-N-CH2-CH2-N-and-N-CH2-Ph-),2.75(m,2H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),2.45~2.63(m,16H,CH3-CH-CH3ofiPrO-inTi(salen)),2.12(m,2H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.75~1.87(m,128H,-CH-CH2-in NIPAAm),1.73(s,3H,SH-CH2-CH2-CH3),1.41(m,64H,cyclohexyl-H),1.22~1.31(m,216H,H-in t-butyl),1.01~1.12(m,480H,CH3-CH-CH3iniPrO-and NIPAAm)。
according to the method, a series of catalysts are prepared by using different temperature-sensitive materials.
Example 2
The reaction conditions were optimized using methyl phenyl sulfide as a model substrate, and the results are as follows.
The reaction route is as follows:
a10 mL reaction flask was charged with 1mmol of substrate (methyl phenyl sulfide), 0.5 mmol% of catalyst PN68(IS)4,1mL H2O as solvent, slowly dropping 1.2mmol of 30% H in 15min at 25 deg.C2O2The reaction was continued for 45 min. After the reaction is finished, automatically separating out the catalyst, separating out a water phase, washing the catalyst with n-hexane, drying and reusing the catalyst, extracting the water phase with dichloromethane to obtain a product, performing gas chromatography analysis on the product to detect the conversion rate and the selectivity, performing liquid chromatography analysis to obtain an ee value, and performing column chromatographyAnd (5) when the product is obtained, calculating to obtain the yield, and determining the structure of the product by nuclear magnetic characterization.
Four comparative catalysts and a conventional Salen Ti catalyst were used to catalyze the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide to sulfoxide with the results shown in the following table:
[a]Yield of the isolated product.[b]Determined by HPLC.
as can be seen from the table, the proportion of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents can influence the catalytic effect and show regular changes. PN (pseudo-noise)68(IS)4Is the most moderate hydrophilic-hydrophobic ratio, when the hydrophilic group is too long (PN)60(IS)2) The active center is greatly reduced, and the catalytic efficiency is lower than that of PN68(IS)4(yield was only 75%). When the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic<17, the catalytic activity is also lowered, (PN)66(IS)689% of PN64(IS)886%) and the ee value also shows a regular change.
Methyl phenyl sulfoxide, white solid, silica gel column chromatography (methanol: dichloromethane ═ 20:80 (vol)) (93% yield, 98% ee).1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):(ppm):2.56(s,3H,Me),7.37-7.52(m,5H,ArH).13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):(ppm):43.8(SCH3) 123.4,129.3,131.0,145.5; the conversion and selectivity were determined by gas chromatography (Agilent Co, HP19091G-B213, column temperature 180 ℃, flow rate: 1.6mL/min),
the ee value is determined by chiral high performance liquid chromatography (column: Daicel chiralpak AD, mobile phase: isopropanol/n-hexane ═ 10:90 (volume ratio), flow rate: 1.0mL/min, wavelength: 254nm, temperature 25 ℃ C.).
Example 3
Selecting PN68(IS)4Different substrates were examined.
The reaction route is as follows:
reaction procedure and workup as in example 2 above
Catalyst PN68(IS)4And a conventional Salen Ti catalyst, for catalyzing the oxidation of the other four thioethers to sulfoxides, with the results shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table, catalyst PN68(IS)4The catalytic effect of the catalyst is obviously superior to that of the traditional catalyst, and the catalyst has great advantages in yield and ee value.
The characterization data for the partial products are as follows:
4-bromophenyl-methyl sulfoxide, yellow solid, silica gel column chromatography (methanol: dichloromethane ═ 20:80 (vol.)) (yield 82%, ee value>99%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):(ppm):3.07(s,3H,SCH3),7.84(d,2H,ArH),7.74(d,2H,ArH).13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):(ppm):44.5(SCH3) 129.0,132.7,139.5; the ee value was determined by chiral high performance liquid chromatography (column: Daicelchiralpak AD, mobile phase: isopropanol/n-hexane: 50 (volume ratio), flow rate: 1.0mL/min, wavelength: 254nm, temperature 25 ℃ C.)
4-methoxyphenyl methyl sulfoxide, colorless liquid, silica gel column chromatography separation (methanol: dichloromethane ═ 20:80 (body)Volume ratio) (yield 90%, ee 94%).1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):(ppm):3.01(s,3H,SCH3),3.91(s,3H,OCH3),7.04(d,2H,ArH),7.89(d,2H,ArH).13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):(ppm):44.9(SCH3),55.7(OCH3) 114.5,129.6,132.3,163.7; the ee value was determined by chiral high performance liquid chromatography (column: Daicelchiralpak AD, mobile phase: isopropanol/n-hexane ═ 20:80 (volume ratio), flow rate: 1.0mL/min, wavelength: 254nm, temperature 25 ℃ C.)
4-Nitrophenylmethyl sulfoxide, a yellow solid, and silica gel column chromatography (methanol: dichloromethane ═ 20:80 (by volume)) (yield 97%, ee value 88%).1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):(ppm):2.57(s,3H,SCH3),7.30(d,2H,ArH),8.16(d,2H,ArH).13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz): (ppm):43.9(SCH3) 113.9,125.0,144.7,148.9; the ee value was determined by chiral high performance liquid chromatography (column: Daicel chiralpak AD, mobile phase: isopropanol/n-hexane: 30:70 (volume ratio), flow rate: 1.0mL/min, wavelength: 254nm, temperature 25 ℃ C.)
2-methoxyphenyl methyl sulfoxide (p-cresol) as a colorless liquid, which was separated by column chromatography on silica gel (methanol: dichloromethane ═ 20:80 (vol.)) (yield 88%, ee value 99%).1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):(ppm):2.67(s,3H,SCH3),3.78(s,3H,OCH3),6.84-7.37(m,4H,ArH).13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):(ppm):13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):(ppm):41.1(SCH3),55.7(OCH3) 118.6,121.5,124.3,132.0,154.7; the ee value was determined by chiral high performance liquid chromatography (column: Daicel chiralpak AD, mobile phase: isopropanol/n-hexane ═ 20:80 (volume ratio), flow rate: 1.0mL/min, wavelength: 254nm, temperature 25 ℃ C.)
Omeprazole, white powder, silica gel column chromatography (methanol: dichloromethane ═ 20:80 (volume ratio)) (yield 80%, ee value 87%).1H NMR (DMSO,500MHz) (ppm) 2.15(s,6H),3.65(s,3H),3.78(s,3H),4.66and 4.75(AB-system,2H),6.90(dd,1H),7.08(s,1H),7.53(d,1H),8.15(s, 1H); ee value chiral high-efficiency liquidPhase chromatography (column: Daicel chiralpak AD, mobile phase: isopropanol/n-hexane ═ 20:80 (volume ratio), flow rate: 1.0mL/min, wavelength: 254nm, temperature 25 ℃ C.)
The temperature sensitivity of the catalyst is realized in that after the reaction is finished, the catalyst is separated out from a reaction system, when the temperature is raised, the catalyst is completely separated out and separated, the catalyst is dissolved in water under the condition of room temperature, and when the temperature is raised, the catalyst is separated out from a water phase and aggregated. The specific pattern can be seen by a transmission electron microscope.
Example 4
Examination of catalyst reusability
After the solution after the reaction is heated, the catalyst can be separated out from the reaction system, and the catalyst is used in the next catalytic reaction system through the steps of filtering, washing, drying and the like, wherein the repeated use effect is shown in the following table:
[a]Yield of the isolated product.[b]Determined by HPLC.
from the above data, it can be seen that the catalyst has better reusability. The reaction system takes water as a reaction solvent, is green and environment-friendly, and provides a method for mass production of the chiral sulfoxide for enterprises.
Claims (10)
1. A method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on a temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in a water phase is characterized by comprising the following steps: in an aqueous medium, carrying out asymmetric oxidation reaction on a thioether compound with a structure shown in formula 2 and hydrogen peroxide under the catalytic action of a temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst with a structure shown in formula 1 to obtain a chiral sulfoxide compound with a structure shown in formula 3:
wherein,
is a temperature sensitive polymer unit;
X/Y is (1-100) 1;
R1、R2、R3independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl-substituted alkyl or alkoxy;
R4is composed ofn is 0 to 3;
R5is C1~C3Alkyl or hydrogen atom of (a);
R6and R7Independently selected from aryl, heterocyclic group, alkyl or substituted alkyl.
2. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: r1、R2And R3Independently selected from hydrogen, C1~C5Alkyl, phenyl, C containing phenyl substituents1~C5Alkyl or C1~C5Alkoxy group of (a); r4Is composed ofn is 0 to 2; r5Is a hydrogen atom.
3. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: X/Y is (5-50) 1.
4. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature-sensitive polymer unit is an N-isopropyl acrylamide polymer unit and/or an N, N' -dimethyl acrylamide polymer unit.
5. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that: r6And R7Independently selected from: c without substituents6~C12Or halogen, C1~4Alkyl radical, C1~4Alkoxy radical, C2~5C of alkoxycarbonyl, nitro or cyano substituents6~C12Aryl of (a);
or not containing substituted C1~C6Or C containing an aryl substituent1~C6Or C containing halogen, nitro, hydroxy or cyano substituents1~C6Alkyl groups of (a);
or a pyridine or imidazole-containing group.
6. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: r6And R7Independently selected from one of the following substituents:
7. the method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that: and slowly dripping a hydrogen peroxide solution into the aqueous solution containing the thioether compound and the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst to perform asymmetric oxidation reaction.
8. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the molar ratio of the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst to the thioether compound is 1: 50-1: 1000;
the molar ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the thioether compound in the hydrogen peroxide solution is 1: 1-2: 1;
the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 15-70 wt%.
9. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that: the asymmetric oxidation reaction is carried out for 0.1-5 h at the temperature of-50 ℃.
10. The method for catalyzing thioether asymmetric oxidation reaction based on the temperature-sensitive ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst in the water phase according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: after the asymmetric oxidation reaction is finished, raising the temperature of a reaction system to realize hydrophilic-hydrophobic transformation of the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst, separating out the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst, and filtering and recycling the temperature-sensitive type ionic liquid chiral Salen Ti complex catalyst for reuse.
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