CN106045155A - 一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机，原水泵接原水管路与多介质过滤器的进水口相连，多介质过滤器出水口与臭氧混匀室相连，臭氧混匀室底部的臭氧进气口通过高压风机与臭氧发生器相连；臭氧混匀室的出水口与活性炭过滤器的进水口相连，活性炭过滤器的出水口与精滤器相连，精滤器的出水口通过高压泵将水送入纳滤膜过滤器，纳滤膜过滤器的出水口安装紫外消毒装置，通过紫外消毒装置连接净化水出水管；纳滤膜的浓水出水口连接废水排放管路。本发明的净水机与现有的纳滤膜净水机相比，本申请的纳滤复合膜的耐氯耐氧化性5倍以上；且净水机的水通量比现有净水机提高20‑50%，耐污染性能提高2倍以上，设备的产水率提高至70%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种净水机，具体的讲是一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机，属于水处理技术领域。
背景技术
目前国内外的纳滤或RO膜净水机或净水设备通常是一个居多，工业上也有采用二级甚至多级反渗透或纳滤膜过滤的，但是在家庭等民用领域却很少采用二级的或多级的，即使采用双反渗透膜滤芯的，也是为了增加纯净水的流量以取消压力储水桶， 由于市面上开始有采用二级反渗透膜滤芯过滤的桶装纯净水，其口感要比一级反渗透膜滤芯过滤的要甜美，TDS 值也比传统的反渗透膜机要低，也更好喝，令纯净水机特别是家用或 商用的纯净水机的竞争处于不利的地位。
纳滤膜又称为低压反渗透或疏松的反渗透膜，由于它的表面层的密度比反渗透膜的密度低，从而可以获得比反渗透膜高得多的水通量，同时对二价以上离子及分子量大于200的有机分子具有足够高的截留能力，其应用范围越来越广。但是，虽然聚酰胺类纳滤复合膜具有优异的脱盐性能及水透过性能，但在氧化性成分存在下，膜性能急剧下降。近三十年来，多家研究机构及跨国企业进行了大量的工作以改善它的耐氧化性能，但至今尚无突破性进展及相应的产品问世。如美国SST公司2002年在美国陆军研究报告No.201370中采用环戊四酰氯替代通用的均苯三甲酰氯单体，所得复合膜耐氯性得到提高，但由于其它性能得不到保障，尚无产品问世；Dow Chemical在US5876602及时代沃顿在US2008/0203013的专利中采用后氧化处理提高膜的耐氯耐氧化性能，但其影响了膜的脱盐性能，因而尚无产品问世。因此目前在纳滤膜应用过程中必须先经过严格的预处理，这大大增加了膜的使用成本。纳滤膜的另一个主要缺点是它的耐污染能力很弱，原水中很多潜在污染物，如胶体，蛋白质，微生物以及容易结垢的硬水离子等均容易造成膜的污堵，使膜性能迅速衰减，这就要求额外的预处理过程以便尽可能除掉这些组份，这同样增加了膜的使用成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机，不仅具有产水量高、性能稳定、使用寿命长等特点，而且还具有更高的通量和更好的抗污染性能。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机，包括原水泵、多介质过滤器、臭氧混匀室、活性炭过滤器、精滤器、纳滤膜过滤器以及紫外消毒装置，所述原水泵接原水管路与多介质过滤器的进水口相连，所述多介质过滤器出水口与所述臭氧混匀室相连，所述臭氧混匀室底部的臭氧进气口通过高压风机与臭氧发生器相连；所述臭氧混匀室的出水口与活性炭过滤器的进水口相连，所述活性炭过滤器的出水口与精滤器相连，所述精滤器的出水口通过高压泵将水送入所述纳滤膜过滤器，所述纳滤膜过滤器的出水口安装紫外消毒装置，通过紫外消毒装置连接净化水出水管；所述纳滤膜的浓水出水口连接废水排放管路；
所述纳滤膜过滤器内设有复合纳滤膜，所述复合纳滤膜包括叠置在一起的支撑层和底膜层，所述底膜层表面引入过氧基或环氧基功能性反应基团，所述支撑层表面引入采用通用的界面聚合技术施加的复合聚酰胺超薄功能层，由所述复合聚酰胺超薄功能层的高分子链与底膜层表面的功能性反应基团发生键合作用，实现所述支撑层和底膜层交联结合。
本发明的进一步限定技术方案：前述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，所述纳滤膜过滤器上还连接有清洗装置，所述清洗装置包括与所述高压泵出口管路相连的清洗水箱，所述清洗水箱的出口管路经高压清洗泵与所述纳滤膜过滤器的进水口相连，所述高压清洗泵与所述纳滤膜过滤器的进水口连接的管路上设有流量计和压力表。
前述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，所述精滤器内填充PP棉滤芯，所述PP棉滤芯的孔径为5-20微米；活性炭过滤器内填充物为载银活性炭滤芯或白头烧结活性炭滤芯。
前述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，所述多介质过滤器内的滤芯自下向上依次为石英砂滤层、椰壳活性炭支撑层、多孔陶瓷滤和层离子交换层。
前述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，所述清洗水箱内投放有纳滤膜专用清洗剂，所述专用清洗剂按重量份数计由如下原料组成：氢氧化钠10-15份，乙二胺四乙酸四钠6-9份，十二烷基苯磺酸钠3-5份，亚硫酸氢钠6-7份，亚硫酸氢铵3-6份，氯化钠2-5份。
进一步的，前述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，所述纳滤膜过滤器由两台纳滤膜并联设置构成。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的复合纳滤膜中引入新型含功能性基团添加剂，将其添加到底膜层的铸膜液中，将聚砜底膜层表面经适当的物理化学处理，使其表面引入过氧基、环氧基等功能性反应基团，然后采用通用的界面聚合技术复合聚酰胺超薄功能层到支撑层表面，使得聚酰胺分子中的酰胺基以及聚酰胺高分子链的端基如胺基及羧基与底膜表面的反应性功能基团发生键合作用，从而实现聚酰胺脱盐功能层与支撑层界面交联结构，使界面复合强度大大增加，提高纳滤复合膜的耐氯耐氧化性；同时在已有工艺技术基础上，在复合成膜反应体系中优选出独特的添加剂，控制及优化聚酰胺功能层厚度、密度及表面亲水性及表面粗糙度等，提高现有纳滤复合膜的水通量；在复合纳滤膜的表面采用特种制造工艺，降低膜表面粗糙度，提高膜的耐污染性能；采用高性能纳滤膜核心处理工艺，在饮用水质安全风险的末端控制技术与应用研究、高效节能型管道分质供水关键技术及装备产业化的基础上，采用PLC控制，实现对净水机原水的在线监测。
本发明的净水机与现有的纳滤膜净水机相比，本申请的纳滤复合膜的耐氯耐氧化性5倍以上；且净水机的水通量比现有净水机提高20-50%，耐污染性能提高2倍以上，设备的产水率提高至70%以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明
实施例1
本实施例提供一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机，结构如图1所示，包括原水泵1、多介质过滤器2、臭氧混匀室3、活性炭过滤器4、精滤器5、纳滤膜过滤器6以及紫外消毒装置7，精滤器内填充PP棉滤芯，PP棉滤芯的孔径为5-20微米，活性炭过滤器内填充物为载银活性炭滤芯，多介质过滤器2内的滤芯自下向上依次为石英砂滤层、椰壳活性炭支撑层、多孔陶瓷滤和层离子交换层；原水泵1接原水管路与多介质过滤器的2进水口相连，多介质过滤器出水口与臭氧混匀室3相连，臭氧混匀室底部的臭氧进气口通过高压风机8与臭氧发生器9相连；臭氧混匀室3的出水口与活性炭过滤器4的进水口相连，活性炭过滤器4的出水口与精滤器5相连，精滤器5的出水口通过高压泵10将水送入纳滤膜过滤器6，纳滤膜过滤器由两台纳滤膜并联设置构成，纳滤膜过滤器的出水口安装紫外消毒装置7，通过紫外消毒装置连接净化水出水管；纳滤膜的浓水出水口连接废水排放管路；在纳滤膜过滤器上还连接有清洗装置，清洗装置包括与高压泵出口管路相连的清洗水箱11，清洗水箱的出口管路经高压清洗泵12与纳滤膜过滤器的进水口相连，高压清洗泵与纳滤膜过滤器的进水口连接的管路上设有流量计13和压力表。在清洗水箱内投放纳滤膜专用清洗剂，专用清洗剂按重量份数计由如下原料组成：氢氧化钠13份，乙二胺四乙酸四钠7份，十二烷基苯磺酸钠4份，亚硫酸氢钠7份，亚硫酸氢铵3份，氯化钠4份。
本实施例的纳滤膜过滤器内设有复合纳滤膜，改性纳滤膜包括叠置在一起的支撑层和底膜层，底膜层表面引入过氧基或环氧基功能性反应基团，支撑层表面引入采用通用的界面聚合技术施加的复合聚酰胺超薄功能层，由复合聚酰胺超薄功能层的高分子链与底膜层表面的功能性反应基团发生键合作用，实现支撑层和底膜层交联结合，使界面复合强度大大增加，提高纳滤复合膜的耐氯耐氧化性。
本实施例在使用时，首先启动原水泵，将原水通过原水泵打入多介质过滤器进行初虑，然后再依次经过臭氧混匀室、活性炭过滤器和精滤器进行逐级过滤，降低原水中的有机物和固态杂质的含量，最后再由高压泵将经过逐级过滤的原水送入纳滤膜过滤器，制得纯净水再经紫外消毒装置后即可完成原水的净化；根据净水机的设定，每天在预设时间开启净水机的清洗功能，清洗净水机时，由控制电路先关闭进水阀门，开启浓水出水阀门和产水阀门，启动高压清洗泵，将清洗水箱内的专用清洗剂打入纳滤膜过滤器，冲洗时冲洗流量根据膜柱大小控制在4-12 m3/h，冲洗压力大于0.4 MPa，冲洗后产水的废水由浓水出口排出即可。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗污染纳滤膜净水机，包括原水泵、多介质过滤器、臭氧混匀室、活性炭过滤器、精滤器、纳滤膜过滤器以及紫外消毒装置，其特征在于，所述原水泵接原水管路与多介质过滤器的进水口相连，所述多介质过滤器出水口与所述臭氧混匀室相连，所述臭氧混匀室底部的臭氧进气口通过高压风机与臭氧发生器相连；所述臭氧混匀室的出水口与活性炭过滤器的进水口相连，所述活性炭过滤器的出水口与精滤器相连，所述精滤器的出水口通过高压泵将水送入所述纳滤膜过滤器，所述纳滤膜过滤器的出水口安装紫外消毒装置，通过紫外消毒装置连接净化水出水管；所述纳滤膜的浓水出水口连接废水排放管路；
所述纳滤膜过滤器内设有复合纳滤膜，所述复合纳滤膜包括叠置在一起的支撑层和底膜层，所述底膜层表面引入过氧基或环氧基功能性反应基团，所述支撑层表面引入采用通用的界面聚合技术施加的复合聚酰胺超薄功能层，由所述复合聚酰胺超薄功能层的高分子链与底膜层表面的功能性反应基团发生键合作用，实现所述支撑层和底膜层交联结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，其特征在于，所述纳滤膜过滤器上还连接清洗装置，所述清洗装置包括与所述高压泵出口管路相连的清洗水箱，所述清洗水箱的出口管路经高压清洗泵与所述纳滤膜过滤器的进水口相连，所述高压清洗泵与所述纳滤膜过滤器的进水口连接的管路上设有流量计和压力表。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，其特征在于，所述精滤器内填充PP棉滤芯，所述PP棉滤芯的孔径为5-20微米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，其特征在于，所述活性炭过滤器内填充物为载银活性炭滤芯或白头烧结活性炭滤芯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，其特征在于，所述多介质过滤器内的滤芯自下向上依次为石英砂滤层、椰壳活性炭支撑层、多孔陶瓷滤和层离子交换层。
6.根据权利要求2所述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，其特征在于，所述清洗水箱内投放有纳滤膜专用清洗剂，所述专用清洗剂按重量份数计由如下原料组成：氢氧化钠10-15份，乙二胺四乙酸四钠6-9份，十二烷基苯磺酸钠3-5份，亚硫酸氢钠6-7份，亚硫酸氢铵3-6份，氯化钠2-5份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗污染纳滤膜净水机，其特征在于，所述纳滤膜过滤器由两台纳滤膜并联设置构成。
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| CN108585323A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-28 | 大连合众金水科技有限公司 | 安全卫生饮水机 |
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| CN106746071A (zh) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州赛斯德工程设备有限公司 | 一种纳滤膜净水机 |
| CN108585323A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-28 | 大连合众金水科技有限公司 | 安全卫生饮水机 |
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