CN106043697B - A kind of measurement device and its assay method of primary productibility of grassland - Google Patents
A kind of measurement device and its assay method of primary productibility of grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN106043697B CN106043697B CN201610659297.1A CN201610659297A CN106043697B CN 106043697 B CN106043697 B CN 106043697B CN 201610659297 A CN201610659297 A CN 201610659297A CN 106043697 B CN106043697 B CN 106043697B
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- Prior art keywords
- grassland
- productibility
- primary
- surveyors
- staff
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
- B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement device of primary productibility of grassland and its assay methods, including multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and measuring device, measuring device includes a balancing frame and several surveyors' staffs with constant weight, the upper end of surveyors' staff is connected on unmanned plane vertically by draught line, balancing frame is run through in the bottom end of surveyors' staff, balancing frame is set to be horizontally fixed on surveyors' staff, balancing frame is provided centrally with the reflective mirror of annular, reflective mirror minute surface is in 45° angle with balancing frame disk, and reflective mirror is vertical corresponding with the camera being arranged below unmanned plane.Characteristic flexible using unmanned plane, easy to operate, and mating corresponding measuring device realize accurately and accurately progress primary productibility of grassland monitoring；Solve the problems, such as that traditional primary productibility of grassland determination efficiency is low, measurement accuracy is low, use scope is limited；It can be achieved to monitor under long-term, fixed point, specific environment, broken the limitation of traditional assay method, be suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological field of measuring technique, are related to a kind of measuring device, refer specifically to a kind of primary productibility of grassland
Measurement device and its assay method.
Background technology
Primary productibility of grassland be evaluate meadow production, ecological functions important indicator.Traditional primary productibility of grassland
Assay method mainly has：Quadrat method (flush with ground cradles method), the estimation technique (ocular estimate/survey grass cane) and remote-sensing inversion method.By
It was found that existing method is in the following aspects, there are drawbacks for long-term practice operation, embody as follows：
1. input cost is high, inefficiency, poor in timeliness and representativeness are limited：The sampling process of quadrat method needs to expend big
The labour of amount, job schedule is slow, because there is destructiveness to cause its quantity of sampling quantity limited for itself, is represented so as to cause this method
Property is limited；
2. poor accuracy：Due to the limitation of resolution ratio, data retrieval accuracy is generally difficult to meet the requirements, direct shadow
Ring the accuracy of measurement result；
3. there is destructiveness to meadow, meadow initial conditions are destroyed：Acquiring sample itself has target sample destructiveness,
In addition the human interference of gatherer process causes the initial conditions on meadow to be destroyed；
4. being difficult to repeat to monitor for a long time：There is destructiveness due to heavy workload, to meadow, including collect sample itself and adopt
Artificial trample during collection destroys；It is difficult to the accurate location once measured before determining, to be difficult to realize to the long-term of meadow
Monitoring；
5. being difficult to measure under specific environment：Due to the collection in worksite requirement of quadrat method and the estimation technique in conventional method
It is restricted to implementation environment, cause the above method to be difficult to implement to measure in specific environments such as marsh, high mountains.Therefore, there is an urgent need for research and development
A kind of new measuring device or method are designed, to solve the above problems.
Invention content
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of measurement device of primary productibility of grassland and its measurement sides
Method, effectively overcomes that traditional primary productibility of grassland is measured there are inefficiency, measurement accuracy is low, restricted application and behaviour
Make problem of high cost, characteristic flexible using unmanned plane, easy to operate, and mating corresponding measuring device, realize efficient, essence
Really carry out the long term monitoring of primary productibility of grassland.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：
A kind of measurement device of primary productibility of grassland, including multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and measuring device, the measuring device
Including a balancing frame and several surveyors' staffs with constant weight, the upper end of surveyors' staff is connected to nothing vertically by draught line
On man-machine, balancing frame is run through in the bottom end of surveyors' staff, so that balancing frame is horizontally fixed on surveyors' staff, the balance disk center sets
It is equipped with the reflective mirror of annular, reflective mirror minute surface is in 45° angle with balancing frame disk, and reflective mirror is taken the photograph with what is be arranged below unmanned plane
As head vertically corresponds to.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, the bottom end of the surveyors' staff is provided with touch-sensitive device.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, the main body of the surveyors' staff is which is provided with the vertical bar of scale, vertical bar top
End is connected with rotatable draught line connecting hole, and what vertical bar bottom was connected with back taper matches accent, with accent upper end with it is vertical
Bar connecting side forms installation shoulder, and balancing frame is horizontally fixed on installation shoulder, is equipped with touch-sensitive device with accent bottom
Horizontal section.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, the upper end of the surveyors' staff main body is additionally provided with touch sensing indicator light.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, the surveyors' staff is at least provided with 3, to ensure that balancing frame holding is horizontal, steady.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, the balancing frame is made by transparent material, and the outer circumferential edges of balancing frame are smooth.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, the draught line is the soft lead with tensile characteristics, the length of draught line according to
It is adjustable according to the height and yield of grassland vegetation.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, uniform and stable air-flow is generated in the unmanned plane during flying.
A kind of assay method of primary productibility of grassland measurement device, specifically includes following steps,
1) it with choosing target sample, determines the measurement sampling point in target sample ground, measures each measured value for measuring sampling point respectively
And estimated value wherein at least chooses 10 in gradient with the relation curve of with building target sample Herbage harvest measured value and estimated value
The measurement sampling point of variation；
2) vertical height of unmanned plane from the ground in said determination device is set to measure and survey according to target plot size as 3m
The estimated value of random sample point Herbage harvest, estimated value take the average value of each surveyors' staff value, measured value then to cradle method by flush with ground
It obtains；
3) measured value by the estimated value measured in above-mentioned steps 2 according to structure is corrected with estimated value relation curve,
With determining each Herbage harvest for the measuring sampling point and target sample Herbage harvest in range.
As the prioritization scheme of this case, when the measured value on target sample ground is not easy to directly obtain by measuring, first, profit
With known sample similar with the grassland types on object to be measured sample ground and minute data build primary productibility of grassland in advance
Then the relation curve of measured value and estimated value measures the estimated value on object to be measured sample ground using this measurement device, finally by
The estimated value that relation curve correction obtains.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) characteristic for utilizing unmanned plane flexible, easy to operate, and mating corresponding measuring device, realize efficient, accurate
Primary productibility of grassland long term monitoring；Traditional primary productibility of grassland is efficiently solved to measure there are inefficiency, operate
Problem of high cost and low measurement accuracy；
2) high-precision：Elimination flush with ground cradles sampling and surveys careless cane continuous mode and meadow is damaged and interfered, and can tie up
Hold the initial conditions on meadow；Disturbing factor is few, and measurement accuracy is high, and opposite remote-sensing inversion method has apparent accuracy benefits；
3) high efficiency, low cost：The walking process collected the work such as vegetation sample and survey careless cane method is omitted, saves work
Make the input of time and manual labor's amount；Purchase of equipment and subsequently expend relatively low, prolonged and repeated can utilize, substantially saved at
This；
4) long-term, fixed point can be achieved and monitor in certain circumstances：It can be in Gao Hai by the flexible property of unmanned plane
It pulls out, carry out under the environment such as marsh and high mountain and measure work, the especially difficult region of topography complexity, height above sea level, working environment；
5) reasonable for structure, it is easy to operate, break the limitation of traditional assay method, has been suitable for popularization and application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that the present invention measures primary productibility of grassland device；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that the present invention measures surveyors' staff in primary productibility of grassland device；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram that the present invention measures balancing frame in primary productibility of grassland device；
In figure：1- unmanned planes, 2- cameras, 3- draught lines, 4- surveyors' staffs, 5- balancing frames, 6- reflective mirrors, 7- draught lines
Connecting hole, 8- touch induction indicator light, and 9- matches accent, 10- scale mounting holes.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention and its effect are further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figs. 1-3, a kind of measurement device of primary productibility of grassland, including multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and measuring device,
The measuring device includes a balancing frame 5 and several surveyors' staffs 4 with constant weight, and the upper end of surveyors' staff 4 is by leading
Lead 3 is connected to vertically on the wing of unmanned plane 1, and balancing frame 5 is run through in the bottom end of surveyors' staff 4, and balancing frame 5 is made to be horizontally fixed on
On surveyors' staff 4, the balancing frame 5 is provided centrally with the reflective mirror 6 of annular, and 6 minute surface of reflective mirror is in 45 ° with 5 disk of balancing frame
Angle, and reflective mirror 6 and the camera 2 being arranged below unmanned plane 1 are vertical corresponding, reflective mirror 6 coordinates unmanned camera 2 clearly to remember
Record the scale of each surveyors' staff.Wherein, unmanned plane 1 in-flight generates uniform and stable air-flow, ensures the pressure that air-flow generates
It is uniform and stable, reduce evaluated error；Draught line 3 is special with some strength and tension for connecting unmanned plane and measuring device
Property soft lead, it is therefore intended that buffering surveyors' staff 4 and unmanned plane 1 between interaction, reduce unmanned plane air-flow to measure
Scale 4 has an impact, and 3 length of draught line is adjustable according to the height and yield activities of grassland vegetation；Surveyors' staff 4 is with one
Determine the plastics or metal bar of weight, surface is smooth and has apparent scale value, and 4 length of surveyors' staff is according to measuring target sample
Depending on, quantity is at least 3, to ensure the balance of unmanned plane 1 and balancing frame 5, balancing frame 5 be by transparent material (plastics or its
His material) disk that makes, the edge of balancing frame 5 and smooth to reduce the error that friction generates, weight with 4 contact zone of surveyors' staff
Amount and area according to target sample ground fact it needs to be determined that；It is measurement zone foreign matter (such as stone) in order to prevent using transparent material
Measurement result is had an impact.
Preferably, the bottom end of the surveyors' staff 4 is provided with touch-sensitive device.Specifically as shown in Fig. 2, the measurement
The main body of scale 4 is which is provided with the vertical bar of scale, and pole face is smooth, clear scales, and vertical bar top is connected with rotatable
Draught line connecting hole 7, it is rotatable effectively to reduce by 3 degreeof tortuosity of draught line, ensure that surveyors' staff 4 is in plumbness, vertically
What bar bottom was connected with back taper matches accent 9, forms installation shoulder with 9 upper end of accent and vertical bar connecting side, matches 9 bottom of accent
For the horizontal section equipped with touch-sensitive device；Several scale mounting holes 10 are evenly equipped in 5 disk of balancing frame, surveyors' staff 4 passes through
Balancing frame 5 is worn, balancing frame 5 is made to be horizontally fixed on installation shoulder；Help to penetrate vegetation, and bottom for back taper with accent 9
It can prevent from being inserted into soil with accent 9 for horizontal section, induction instruction is carried out convenient for touching ground.Further, surveyors' staff 4
The upper end of main body is additionally provided with the touch sensing indicator light 8 to serve as warning, and whether can thus judge surveyors' staff matches accent
It has been contacted to earth that, prevent the error caused by the injustice of ground.
A kind of primary productibility of grassland assay method of the present invention is using conventional unmanned plane and mating measuring device at the beginning of meadow
Grade productivity quickly, accurately measure, and specifically includes following steps,
1) it with choosing target sample, determines the measurement sampling point in target sample ground, measures each measured value for measuring sampling point respectively
And estimated value wherein at least chooses 10 in gradient with the relation curve of with building target sample Herbage harvest measured value and estimated value
The measurement sampling point of variation, to ensure the accuracy of constructed relation curve；
2) vertical height of unmanned plane from the ground in said determination device, preferably 3m, according to target plot size are set
The estimated value for measuring sampling point Herbage harvest is measured, estimated value takes the average value of each surveyors' staff value, measured value then to pass through flush with ground
Method acquisition is cradled, relation curve is built using each measured value for measuring sampling point and estimated value；Wherein, unmanned plane from the ground hang down
It is directly highly preferred to be set as 3m；Setting the mechanism of action of this height is：This height upper and lower measuring device with nothing
Man-machine mobile range is smaller, improves finding speed and accuracy；And the air-flow that unmanned plane generates under this height is opposite
It is smaller and stable, as the variation of the amplitude of variation unmanned plane air-flow of grass yield is smaller, reduce measurement error；In addition, at this
Reflective mirror is taken pictures relatively sharp under height, further ensures the accuracy of measurement result；
3) estimated value measured in above-mentioned steps 2 is subjected to school according to constructed measured value and estimated value relation curve
Just, with determining each Herbage harvest for the measuring sampling point and target sample Herbage harvest in range, and then obtain the grass on the target sample ground
Ground primary productivity.Meanwhile the measurement sampling point grass can be determined according to the numerical value difference of each surveyors' staff in a certain measurement sampling point
The heterogeneity of yield, by the heterogeneity of each heterogeneous with determining target sample primary productibility of grassland for measuring sampling point Herbage harvest.
In addition, when the measured value on target sample ground is not easy to directly obtain by measuring, such as the spies such as High aititude, more marshes
The meadow of different geographical environment；First, available known sample similar with the grassland types on object to be measured sample ground and minute
Data build the relation curve of primary productibility of grassland measured value and estimated value in advance；Because this measurement device helps the flexible of unmanned plane
Mobility can carry out under the environment such as High aititude, marsh and high mountain and measure work, especially topography complexity, height above sea level, building ring
The difficult region in border measures the estimated value on object to be measured sample ground using this measurement device, corrects and obtains finally by relation curve
Estimated value；Also long-term, fixed point, accurate measurements can be carried out to observation point by the GPS positioning device of unmanned plane；Utilize the present apparatus
The limitation that traditional assay method can effectively be broken, is suitable for popularization and application.
Above example is merely exemplary, and can't limit to the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
For, the other equivalent modifications made under technical inspiration provided by the present invention and improvement are regarded as the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measurement device of primary productibility of grassland, it is characterised in that：Including multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1) and measuring device,
The measuring device includes a balancing frame (5) and several surveyors' staffs (4) with constant weight, the upper end of surveyors' staff (4)
It is connected to vertically on unmanned plane (1) by draught line (3), balancing frame (5) is run through in the bottom end of surveyors' staff (4), makes balancing frame (5)
It is horizontally fixed on surveyors' staff (4), the balancing frame (5) is provided centrally with the reflective mirror (6) of annular, reflective mirror (6) minute surface
It is in 45° angle with balancing frame (5) disk, and reflective mirror (6) and the camera (2) being arranged below unmanned plane (1) are vertical corresponding.
2. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The surveyors' staff (4)
Bottom end be provided with touch-sensitive device.
3. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The surveyors' staff
(4) main body is which is provided with the vertical bar of scale, and vertical bar top is connected with rotatable draught line connecting hole (7), vertically
What bar bottom was connected with back taper matches accent (9), and installation shoulder, balancing frame are formed with accent (9) upper end and vertical bar connecting side
(5) it is horizontally fixed on installation shoulder, is the horizontal section equipped with touch-sensitive device with accent (9) bottom.
4. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The surveyors' staff (4)
The upper end of main body is additionally provided with touch sensing indicator light (8).
5. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The surveyors' staff (4)
At least provided with 3.
6. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The balancing frame (5) by
Transparent material makes, and the outer circumferential edges of balancing frame (5) are smooth.
7. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The draught line (3) is
The length of soft lead with tensile characteristics, draught line (3) is adjustable according to the height and yield of grassland vegetation.
8. the measurement device of primary productibility of grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The unmanned plane (1) flies
Uniform and stable air-flow is generated in row.
9. the assay method of primary productibility of grassland measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It specifically includes
Following steps,
1) it with choosing target sample, determines the measurement sampling point in target sample ground, measure each measured value for measuring sampling point respectively and estimates
Measured value is wherein at least chosen 10 and is changed in gradient with the relation curve of with building target sample Herbage harvest measured value and estimated value
Measurement sampling point；
2) vertical height of unmanned plane from the ground in said determination device is set to measure according to target plot size as 3m and measure sample
The estimated value of point Herbage harvest, estimated value take the average value of each surveyors' staff value, measured value then to cradle method by flush with ground and obtain；
3) measured value by the estimated value measured in above-mentioned steps 2 according to structure is corrected with estimated value relation curve, is determined
Herbage harvest of each Herbage harvest for measuring sampling point and target the sample ground in range.
10. the assay method of primary productibility of grassland measurement device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Work as target
When the measured value on sample ground is not easy to directly obtain by measuring, first, the grassland types and measurement with object to be measured sample ground are utilized
Time similar known sample data build the relation curve of primary productibility of grassland measured value and estimated value, then, profit in advance
The estimated value that object to be measured sample ground is measured with this measurement device, the estimated value obtained finally by relation curve correction.
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| CN201610659297.1A CN106043697B (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2016-08-12 | A kind of measurement device and its assay method of primary productibility of grassland |
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| CN106043697B true CN106043697B (en) | 2018-08-07 |
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| CN201610659297.1A Expired - Fee Related CN106043697B (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2016-08-12 | A kind of measurement device and its assay method of primary productibility of grassland |
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| CN110057265A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-26 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of mancarried device measuring Herbage harvest |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5450678A (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-09-19 | Check Signature, Inc. | Grass length measuring device |
| CN103344746A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for quickly measuring grassland productivity |
| CN203385417U (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2014-01-08 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Large-scale aviation dynamic acquisition system for vegetation coverage |
| CN204831093U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-12-02 | 成都溯码信息科技有限公司 | Meadow height monitoring device |
| CN204831353U (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-12-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | Sample prescription investigation device |
| CN105842707A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-08-10 | 兰州大学 | Grassland above-ground biomass measuring method and grassland above-ground biomass measuring device based on remote sensing image acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN205931258U (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-02-08 | 兰州大学 | Meadow primary productivity's survey device |
-
2016
- 2016-08-12 CN CN201610659297.1A patent/CN106043697B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5450678A (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-09-19 | Check Signature, Inc. | Grass length measuring device |
| CN103344746A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for quickly measuring grassland productivity |
| CN203385417U (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2014-01-08 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Large-scale aviation dynamic acquisition system for vegetation coverage |
| CN105842707A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-08-10 | 兰州大学 | Grassland above-ground biomass measuring method and grassland above-ground biomass measuring device based on remote sensing image acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN204831353U (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-12-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | Sample prescription investigation device |
| CN204831093U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-12-02 | 成都溯码信息科技有限公司 | Meadow height monitoring device |
| CN205931258U (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-02-08 | 兰州大学 | Meadow primary productivity's survey device |
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