CN1060434C - 管道的惰态防火装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在碳氢化合物火灾之类重大火灾中使管道、电缆槽、支承杆和钢结构件免遭火和热烧毁的惰性防火装置,其包括含有多层热胀材料的多层(层叠)柔性材料(11,12,13,14)。该多层材料(11,12,13,14)构作成形成一密封装置,以便密封由热胀材料膨胀所生成的含碳泡沫。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般涉及惰态防火装置的设计,特别涉及防止管道、电缆槽、支承杆等结构件遭大火烧毁的隔热、耐火/阻火包层。
发明背景
下述三种材料用来防止管道、电缆槽、支承杆等结构件在火灾时过热和防止火的蔓延:
(1)隔热包层,
(2)吸热包层,以及
(3)热胀涂层和材料。
这三种隔热材料各有缺点。
硅铝毡或石棉毡之类的隔热包层主要有两个问题。为了在重大火灾即碳氢化合物火灾中适合防火,该隔热包层必需很厚,从而在这类装置中造成两个固有的问题。首先,由于隔热材料很厚,被保护物与旁边物件之间的间隙必需很大。其次,隔热装置在正常工作时由于隔热系数而造成一问题。这一问题称为“安载流容量降低”,即,管道或电缆槽中的电缆所产生的热量无法散出而造成所述电缆中保证安全工作的电流量降低或发生过热。对防火的要求越高,这一“Catch 22”越困难,因为提高防火能力的唯一方法是加厚该隔热包层。
当用这一方法解决火灾问题时,用户通常不得不降低管道或电缆槽中的该装置的额定电流,从而该装置的原设计效率降低。
吸热材料由化合物构成,这些化合物在发生火灾时在分子水平上断裂而释放出其中的水,从而冷却管道等等。这种材料最常见的例子是三水氧化铝,它是一种白色干粉,在约1,100°F时释放出大量水。一种著名的吸热产品是3M Fire Protection Products,St.Paul,Minnesota的INTERAMTM E-50系列柔性包层装置。
由于吸热包层材料在一定程度上解决了隔热包层所固有的“厚度”问题,因此可用来防火,但吸热材料也有其自身的问题。由于这种干粉材料中含有水分子,因此整套装置非常重。此外,3MINTERAMTM E-50包层装置之类产品的固有隔热特性还存在一个问题,因为该装置一般装配成若干层,因此必需在所有接缝处小心密封才能防止火灾时所释放出的水泄漏。其最终效果是,日常使用时,该装置中的热量仍无法散出,导致安载流容量降低。
3M的INTERAMTM E-50包层装置之类吸热材料一般很难安装,因此劳力成本非常高。此外,一旦安装,在对输电管道或电缆槽进行维修时这些装置很难拆卸和更换。
热胀产品由于解决了上述隔热和吸热材料的问题新近受到很大关注。热胀材料仅在受热时才“生长”或“变厚”,生成一把受保护物与火隔开的隔离层。
热胀材料的一个主要优点是,它在未反应前很薄、不绝热。这一特性使得热胀材料成为隔绝管道和电缆槽的理想材料,因为这些材料不象隔热和吸热装置那样必需降低安载流容量。此外,这些材料的安装比隔热和吸热装置简单。事实上,热胀材料常常用作受保护部位上的轻型涂层。热胀涂层一般为一种优选的隔离材料,因为它们又薄又轻又不绝热(除非在火中)。
但是,使用热胀产品有两个严重问题使它很难始终提供隔绝保护。这两个问题是:
(1)热胀材料受热膨胀时所生成的含碳“泡沫”极为脆弱,一般会被火的旋涡破坏。此外,膨胀的热胀材料由于重力的拉动通常会从被涂表面上散落。热胀材料的这种脆弱性的结果是在该材料中生成“裂缝”,从而热量穿透到被保护表面。这些裂缝随机产生,给该装置带来防火装置所不希望有的不可预测性。这些“裂缝”在热胀材料用于曲面上或弯度很大的转角处时特别严重。
(2)除了形成裂缝外,当膨胀的热胀材料直接暴露在碳氢化合物火灾暴露试验的火和热量中时,与火直接接触的外部含碳泡沫会受侵蚀,从而暴露出下层材料。下层材料也受侵蚀,使得该产品的有效体积随着时间的推移减小。这一侵蚀效应增加了该装置的不可预测性。此外,上述“裂缝”一旦形成,热胀材料的这一侵蚀会加速其形成速度。
因此需要一种防火装置,它既能利用热胀材料的有利特性,又能稳定热胀材料与火反应时所生成的含碳泡沫。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种可稳定膨胀的热胀材料的装置。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种防火装置,它能根据不同环境的特殊防火要求方便地定制。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种可方便地在管道、电缆槽、支承杆和结构件上安装、拆卸或更换的柔性防火包层。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种又薄、又轻、高安载流容量的防火装置。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可根据任何大小或形状的结构件方便地定制的防火装置。
本发明概述
本发明用一种密封热胀材料的多层装置实现上述要求。
按照本发明的一个方面,提供一种由多层耐火材料构成的防火装置,热胀材料密封在各层耐火材料之间。从而该多层材料形成一可稳定膨胀的热胀材料的柔性包层。
按照本发明的另一个方面,提供一种防火装置,包括交替的耐火材料层和热胀材料层,热胀材料逐层膨胀,并在所有方向上膨胀,从而形成一始终有效的防火装置。
本发明的一个特征和优点是提供一种又薄、又轻、高安载流容量的防火装置。
本发明的另一个特征和优点是提供一种既利用热胀材料的有利特性、又稳定热胀材料受热膨胀所生成的含碳材料的防火装置。
本发明的另一个特征和优点是提供一种可最佳地满足不同环境的防火要求的防火装置。
本发明的另一个特征和优点是便于在管道、电缆槽、支承杆和任何其他结构件上安装、拆卸和/或更换。
本发明的另一个特征和优点是,不管受保护物的外形如何,热胀材料都能在所有方向上均匀膨胀。
本发明的另一个特征和优点是提供一种可根据任何大小或形状的结构件定制的防火装置。
本发明的另一个特征和优点是提供一种对动植物无害的防火装置,它不含有石油衍生物,遭火或受热时基本不产生黑烟。
以上只非常宽泛地勾勒出本发明的特征和技术优点,以便更好理解下面的详细说明。下面说明本发明的其他特征和优点,它们构成本发明各权利要求的主题。但本领域普通技术人员应该看到,可在所公开的原理和特殊实施例的基础上进行修正或设计其他结构,以便实现本发明的目的。本领域普通技术人员还应看到,这类相当结构也在后附权利要求所限定的本发明精神和范围之内。
附图的简要说明
为了更充分理解本发明及其优点,可结合附图阅读下面的本发明详细说明,附图中:
图1为本发明所使用多层材料一优选实施例的侧视图;
图2为本发明一实施例的侧视图,示出该多层材料的折叠方式;
图3为本发明另一实施例的侧视图,示出该多层材料的折叠方式;
图4为该多层材料的一实施例的仰视图,示出制作中固定该材料的两面的一种方法;
图5为一隔热片的端视图,示出在安装该隔热片时使接头重叠的一实施例;
图6为图5所示两叠置隔热片的局部剖视图;
图7为套在一典型管道上的本发明一优选实施例的端视图;
图8示出本发明一优选实施例已完成在一输电管道上的安装。
图9A为本发明一实施例套在一电缆槽上的侧视图;
图9B为本发明一实施例套在一电缆槽上的端视图;
图10示出本发明一实施例在火灾中的膨胀步骤。
本发明的详细说明
本发明涉及一种改进的惰态防火装置的设计和制造,该防火装置用来保护管道、电缆槽、支承杆和钢结构件免遭碳氢化合物火灾之类重大火灾的火和热的烧毁。
参见各附图、首先是图1,应该强调,各附图的尺寸并不是实际尺寸。例如,附图中为了简明起见,层厚和各层之间的间距的尺寸并不是实际尺寸。
图1示出用来构作一防火或隔热包层的柔性、多层(或层叠)材料10的一实施例。例如,图1所示实施例由四层隔热材料构成。图1左边示出这些材料层的分解图。该多层材料10的各层可用相同或不同的隔热材料制成。各层耐火材料之间散布有遇火膨胀的优质热胀材料。
尽管本发明可使用任何耐火材料,但优选实施例包括薄金属片、耐火织物或铝箔、不锈钢箔、玻璃纤维或硅铝织物之类材料的组合。图1示出本发明一优选实施例。在该实施例中,图1中标号为11、12和13的耐火材料层用铝箔薄片(例如0.002或0.003号铝箔)制成,折叠层14用玻璃纤维材料制成。该防火装置的优选实施例包括至少一层折叠材料。该材料可折叠成任何形状。它可折叠成S形、折成摺状或打褶成图1所示褶皱17。褶皱17的大小和形状可变动。这类变动取决于所需防火程度。本发明优选实施例折叠层14中的褶皱17伸展在多层材料10的纵向上。
本发明用来把各层材料结合在一起的优选热胀材料的例子有3M Fire Protection Products,St.Paul,Minnesota的3M’s CP-25热胀填隙材料或Flame Seal Products,Inc.,Houston,Texas的FX-100涂层材料。因此,图1所示本发明实施例包括用三层热胀材料结合在一起的四层耐火材料。本发明所使用的热胀材料的膨胀率越高,该隔热包层的防火性越好。优选的热胀材料的膨胀率为700%以上。但在某些应用场合也可使用膨胀率较低的材料,这决定于耐火材料层之间的热胀材料的数量、层数、褶皱的大小以及褶皱之间的距离。
本发明一优选实施例使用底下两层0.002号铝箔、中间一层耐热性能极高的玻璃纤维和顶上一层0.003号铝箔。顶层使用较重的0.003”铝箔是为了提高该隔热包层在安装和日常使用时的强度和寿命。底下两层之所以使用较薄的铝箔,是因为底下两层在日常使用时受到保护,而使用较薄的铝箔可降低该隔热包层的总重。外层铝箔供火烧毁,因此经约3-5分钟后烧毁或升华。上述多层材料10在制成防火或隔热包层时进一步打褶。图1右边所示这些褶皱15伸展在多层材料10的横向上而与折叠层14中的褶皱17大致垂直。这类褶皱可为简单的褶皱或图1所示的S形褶皱。褶皱15的数量、形状和大小可视所需防火程度、热胀材料的膨胀率以及被保护表面的大小和形状而定。
热胀材料的主负载额决定于隔热包层的系统设计。多层材料10中的褶皱15的膨胀或展开在火灾中一般历时第一个10-15分钟。折叠层14中的褶皱17也可大大提高膨胀的热胀材料的负载额。褶皱15和17可使隔热包层随着热胀材料的膨胀而作线性展开,从而膨胀的隔热材料可围绕互相阻挡的结构件和接头膨胀。这些褶皱还使该装置膨胀而防止火穿透该装置。由于本发明在火灾中可以相当均匀的直径围绕被保护结构件膨胀,因此可使被保护结构件在该装置中所有部位处的受热量最小,包括弯度很大的转角处、接头处和互相阻挡的结构件之间部位。
图2和3为形成上述层叠材料10的优选褶形的侧视图。褶皱15的宽度为X,相邻两褶皱15的中点之间的距离为Y。图2所例示的褶皱15的宽度为1英寸,相邻两褶皱的中点之间的距离约为2英寸。图3示出褶皱15的另一种构型,该褶皱15的宽度也为1英寸,但相邻两褶皱的中点之间的距离约为1英寸。褶皱15的宽度和两褶皱之间的距离决定着该材料遭受火灾时的“展开”长度以及膨胀的隔热包层的最终周长。例如,图3所示宽度为1英寸、相邻两褶皱的中点之间的距离为1英寸的褶皱展开后的周长为被保护结构件的原周长的三倍。图2所示宽度为1英寸、相邻两褶皱的中点之间的距离为2英寸的褶皱展开后的周长为原周长的两倍。
图4示出隔热包层一优选实施例中的各褶皱15粘牢在一起而保持隔热包层的形状,以便于安装和日常使用。在各褶皱15的表面之间用环氧树脂或压合胶之类的粘合剂把多层材料10粘合成折叠构型。当褶皱15呈图4所示S形时,粘合剂施加在褶皱15的中段42的正反两面上。粘合剂在日常使用时使隔热包层保持所需构型,但在各层达到一定温度从而粘合剂熔化或软化时该S形褶的各层脱开,从而使S形褶的各层展开而相分离。
隔热包层的优选实施例在隔热包层的底面上还有沿纵向伸展的工业铝带或工业不锈钢带之类的耐火粘合材料46。底面上的粘合材料46可修剪成合适长度而与被保护结构件或表面相配。
该底面粘合材料46有两个用处。一个用处是使该隔热包层保持日常使用构型。另一个用处是确保隔热材料在火灾中的膨胀过程中粘牢在被保护结构件或表面上。底面上的粘合材料46之所以能在火灾中继续把隔热包层粘牢在被保护表面上,是因为该隔热包层保护该被保护表面,从而使该被保护表面不致达到使该粘合材料软化而使隔热包层与被保护表面脱离的高温。
由于隔热包层紧套在被保护表面上,因此膨胀的热胀材料随着其底下一层耐火材料开始膨胀而密实。因此底面上的粘合材料46使得隔热材料在受到高温时大致对称地膨胀。当隔热包层受热时,其外层膨胀而离开被保护表面,这在下文详述。火灾中这一对称膨胀防止该装置成为“钟形”,而该钟形会在隔热包层外表面上引起压力集中点,从而在隔热包层中生成裂缝。因此底面上的粘合材料除了提高该防火装置的防火性外,还有助于隔热包层在所有方向上均匀膨胀。
该隔热包层可做成与各种形状和大小的表面或结构件相配的外形、形状和大小。但是,隔热包层的一简便实施例可做成图5所示任何所需长度的隔热片50。褶皱15伸展在隔热片50的纵向上。隔热片50的一端或两端可有一一般为1英寸宽的窄区,在该窄区中多层材料10中的热胀材料量减少而形成一厚度只有该隔热包层厚度一半的薄区。图5所示这一薄区55使得两隔热片50可叠置在一起,然后用图6所示不锈钢带之类耐热紧固装置68捆住。当隔热包层在火灾中膨胀时,热胀材料会围绕紧固装置68膨胀而保护紧固装置68,防止在被保护表面上生成“高热点”。因此,薄区55的叠置可方便地用来保护表面62。
图7示出把一套在内装电缆75的一输电管道72上的隔热包层的两边连接在一起的一种方法。若隔热包层做成各褶皱15之间留有间隙,则可方便地在该间隙处切割隔热包层后用不锈钢套环之类紧固件78连接在一起。一般在把隔热包层套到一输电管道72上后,如图8所示,沿隔热包层的直线缝每隔1/2-1英寸设置一紧固件78。紧固件78把隔热包层的两边紧固在一起的部位可用金属粘带盖住。尽管并非必要,该金属粘带使该防火装置的外观显得漂亮,并可防止紧固件78受潮。
图8示出隔热包层套在一典型的输电管道上。图9A和B示出一片隔热包层50套在一典型的电缆槽92上。
下面说明隔热材料的工作情况,图10的一组5个图示出火灾中上述隔热材料优选实施例的各膨胀阶段。图10A示出火灾之前图1所示隔热包层。图10B示出该防火装置启动。在图10B中,各褶皱15已相互分离而在使热胀材料膨胀的内部压力的作用下竖起成约90°。热胀材料膨胀所生成的压力呈平衡状态,因此,由于这种设计,生成围绕被保护表面的对称膨胀。本发明的一个重大优点是,即使隔热包层在某一点发生缺口,膨胀中的热胀材料的压力也会使该膨胀材料填住该缺口,从而形成一自补漏装置。在这一初始阶段,外层铝箔会烧毁而露出保护玻璃纤维折叠层的热胀材料。
图10C示出第一层热胀材料膨胀时的早期膨胀过程。该层热胀材料隔绝底下数层热胀材料而推迟它们的膨胀。在图10D中,有两层热胀材料在膨胀。外层热胀材料和玻璃纤维折叠层底下的第一层移向平衡状态。图10E示出膨胀的隔热包层的最终外形。此时褶皱15和17已膨胀到其设计极限,顶上两层热胀材料已膨胀到平衡状态,底层热胀材料保持原始状态而紧靠被保护面,膨胀的热胀材料密实而达到平衡状态,整个装置的密度相同。
本发明的一个优点是,它设计成含有充足的热胀材料,从而即使在充分膨胀后仍有膨胀余力。这一设计特征基本上消除了裂缝问题,因为火灾中膨胀后的热胀材料因其膨胀余力而始终处于密实状态。
一旦整个装置全部膨胀且所有热胀材料反应而达到平衡,该膨胀后的隔热包层就可用作任何其他隔热材料。这一事实只是在确定该装置完成膨胀后最终必需为多厚时所要考虑的事项之一。
以上述实施例为例对本发明的防火有效性作了测试。把该隔热包层套在1英寸的管道上后把该管道放入一火炉中。放置在火炉中的两个特氟隆外壳热电偶(表1中T/C1和T/C2)用来记录炉温,放置在隔热包层底下管道表面上的两个特氟隆外壳热电偶(表1中T/C3和T/C4)在测试过程中用来测量管道表面温度。如T/C1和T/C2所记录并如表1所示,火炉点火后经7分钟达到2000°F,然后在该温度上保持30分钟。管道表面有效地不受火焰和2000°F高热的侵袭。事实上,管道表面(由T/C3和T/C4记录的)温度在表1所示整个30分钟内的测试中始终低于250°F。
本发明防火隔热包层的设计所利用的是热胀材料在火灾中膨胀、从而起到保护作用的能力。因此,隔热包层可使用又薄又轻的不绝热材料。此外,本发明解决了使用热胀涂层所产生的现有问题(即生成裂缝和膨胀的含碳材料被火的旋涡撕开)。本发明把膨胀的热胀材料密封在该装置中,就象JIFFY POPTM产品中纸袋密封膨胀的爆玉米花一样。
可根据防火要求变动本设计,这只须调节各层中的热胀材料的数量、增加层数和调节S形褶皱的大小和尺寸以便增大膨胀直径。
为了提高本发明的隔热效果,内外各层热胀材料可设计成逐步朝火或热向外膨胀,从而保护和延迟里层热胀材料向外膨胀。内层热胀材料的这一延迟效应除了膨胀的热胀材料的隔热和吸热特性外,还生成吸热效应。受外层热胀材料的膨胀保护的内层热胀材料在慢慢受热而膨胀的过程中释放出水,从而非常有效地冷却被保护结构件。在各层相继遇火向外膨胀的过程中,内层受同时起作用的三种机制的保护。
1、大多数热胀材料的反应温度为350°F-500°F。只要该装置中尚有未反应的热胀材料,反应热胀材料紧底下的热胀材料层就不会达到其反应温度。
2、随着含碳泡沫的生成和膨胀,生成一越来越厚的只用作隔离的隔离层。
3、随着温度升高,达到中等温度的内层热胀材料释放出水而产生吸热效应,从而由于水的沸点而暂时防止隔热包层的内层超过212°F。本发明还暂时密封所生成的水蒸气,从而减慢温度达到212°F以上的速率。
总之,膨胀材料隔绝内层而降低了内层的反应和膨胀速度。在第一层热胀材料温度逐渐升高而反应时,保护第二层热胀材料不受热。热量一旦穿透第一层热胀材料或隔热包层一旦完成第一膨胀阶段,下一层热胀材料反应而向外膨胀,从而进一步压实第一层热胀材料膨胀所生成的含碳泡沫。第二层热胀材料的膨胀保护第三层热胀材料,使它不起反应或膨胀,如此等等,直到整个装置膨胀成最终形状,所有热胀材料密封在该装置的各耐热材料层之间而呈密实状态。这整个过程加上上述吸热效应和相继的反应过程,由于整个过程呈周期性,因此颇费时间。该装置一旦完成反应而膨胀到其极限,所生成的隔热包层就完全成为一相当厚的隔热材料。
尽管以上结合油田、炼油厂之类中的管道、电缆槽、支承杆和钢结构件说明了本发明,但本发明也可使用在住宅和办公楼等等的防火中。隔热材料的外形可方便地制成为套在任何圆形、长方形或不规则形状的物件上。
如上所述,本发明用薄金属片和耐火织物密封热胀材料而使它们不与火焰直接接触。但也可使用不锈钢外层和不锈钢丝网内层提高装置强度,从而使用在更严酷的场合,例如爆炸和火喷。
本发明由于下列特性而为管道、电缆槽、支承杆和钢结构件的防火提供了理想产品,即:
(1)薄;
(2)轻;
(3)安载流容量高(平时不绝热);
(4)容易安装(一层;工艺简单);
(5)可拆卸和更换;
(6)安全且可使用在任何环境中;以及
(7)便于按照任何大小和形状的结构件定制。
以上说明了本发明优选实施例,但本领域普通技术人员根据上述说明不难作出种种修正和改动。因此应看到,所有这类修正和改动都在权利要求所限定的本发明范围内。
表1热电偶温度读数
时间 | T/C1 | T/C2 | T/C3 | T/C4 |
分钟 | 炉温(°F) | 炉温(°F) | 管道(°F) | 管道(°F) |
1 | 1037 | 1289 | 82.8 | 82.4 |
2 | 1193 | 1299 | 82.8 | 80 |
3 | 1335 | 1484 | 83 | 82.6 |
4 | 1615.6 | 1700 | 83.4 | 83.2 |
5 | 1742 | 1839 | 84.8 | 84.4 |
6 | 1887 | 1938 | 87.6 | 87 |
7 | 2032 | 2036 | 90.4 | 89.6 |
8 | 1982 | 2010 | 94.8 | 93.8 |
9 | 1970 | 1980 | 100.4 | 99.8 |
10 | 2008 | 1992 | 108.6 | 109.8 |
11 | 1973 | 1974 | 122.6 | 124.2 |
12 | 1966 | 1990 | 148.4 | 147.2 |
13 | 1922 | 1926.6 | 164 | 176.4 |
14 | 1904 | 1900 | 166 | 180.4 |
15 | 1995 | 2052 | 173.2 | 183.6 |
16 | 1934 | 1938 | 178.4 | 183.8 |
17 | 2005.6 | 2014.4 | 183.6 | 183.4 |
18 | 1950 | 1948.4 | 187 4 | 184.4 |
19 | 1965 | 1964.8 | 190.4 | 190.4 |
20 | 1988 | 1993 | 195 | 197.8 |
21 | 1987 | 1987.8 | 198 | 201.8 |
22 | 2020.4 | 2022.2 | 201.8 | 20.3 |
23 | 1922.2 | 1921.8 | 206.4 | 204.6 |
24 | 2024.4 | 2019.4 | 209.8 | 206.2 |
25 | 1976.8 | 1986 | 211 | 209.6 |
26 | 2004.2 | 2002.8 | 213 | 210.3 |
1987.4 | 1987 | 216.4 | 210.6 | |
28 | 1968.4 | 1968.6 | 219.2 | 211.2 |
29 | 1878 | 1878 | 223.6 | 213.4 |
30 | 1968 | 1962.6 | 230.4 | 221.8 |
Claims (17)
1、一种防火装置,包括:
一折叠的耐火材料片材,所述折叠片材上有多个互相平行的褶皱;
一层柔性耐热材料;以及
位于所述折叠片材与所述柔性层之间的一层热胀材料,所述热胀材料在受到高温时膨胀;
其中,所述折叠片材随着所述热胀材料的膨胀展开而使所述膨胀的热胀材料保持稳定。
2、按权利要求1所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述耐火材料层用薄金属片制成。
3、按权利要求2所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述薄金属片为铝箔。
4、按权利要求1所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述折叠耐火片材用玻璃纤维制成。
5、按权利要求1所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述热胀材料的膨胀率约为700%或更大。
6、按权利要求1所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述热胀材料为FX-100热胀材料。
7、按权利要求1所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述折叠片材、所述柔性耐热材料层和所述热胀材料装配成一多层包层后折叠出多个与所述折叠片材中所述多个褶皱垂直的褶皱。
8、按权利要求1所述的防火装置,其特征在于,进一步包括一粘性金属带,所述金属带的一个表面粘牢在所述防火装置所保护的表面上,所述金属带的第二表面粘牢在所述柔性耐热材料层上,所述金属带用来安装所述防火装置。
9、一种防火装置,包括:
多片薄金属片;
其上有多个主褶皱的玻璃纤维材料;以及
多层热胀材料,所述各层热胀材料位于所述多片薄金属片之间以及位于所述薄金属片与所述玻璃纤维材料之间;
其中,所述各薄金属片、所述玻璃纤维材料和所述各层热胀材料装配成一具有多个副褶皱的多层包层,所述副褶皱的伸展方向与所述主褶皱垂直。
10、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述副褶皱在所述各层热胀材料与热反应时随着所述热胀材料层的膨胀而展开。
11、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述薄金属片为铝箔。
12、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述主褶皱随着所述热胀材料层受热膨胀而展开。
13、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述各层热胀材料用膨胀率约为700%或更大的热胀材料制成。
14、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述各层热胀材料用FX-100热胀材料制成。
15、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述隔热包层包括三层热胀材料。
16、按权利要求9所述的防火装置,其特征在于,所述各层热胀材料构作成逐层与热反应。
17、一种制造防火装置的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:提供多片耐热材料片材;提供其上有多个主褶皱的一片折叠耐火材料;
提供一种热胀材料;
把所述热胀材料放置在所述多片薄金属片之间以及所述薄金属片与所述玻璃纤维材料之间而装配成一多层包层;以及
折叠所述多层包层而形成与所述主褶皱大致垂直的多个副褶皱;
其中,所述主褶皱和所述副褶皱随着所述热胀材料受热膨胀而展开。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/550,094 | 1995-10-27 | ||
US08/550,094 US5681640A (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1995-10-27 | Passive fire protection systems for conduit, cable trays, support rods, and structural steel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1202133A CN1202133A (zh) | 1998-12-16 |
CN1060434C true CN1060434C (zh) | 2001-01-10 |
Family
ID=24195727
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN96198357A Expired - Fee Related CN1060434C (zh) | 1995-10-27 | 1996-10-25 | 管道的惰态防火装置 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5681640A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0857110B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1060434C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE306393T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU7470896A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69635278T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2253758T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL124221A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997015444A1 (zh) |
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-
1995
- 1995-10-27 US US08/550,094 patent/US5681640A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-10-25 WO PCT/US1996/017016 patent/WO1997015444A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-10-25 AT AT96936903T patent/ATE306393T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-25 ES ES96936903T patent/ES2253758T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-25 CN CN96198357A patent/CN1060434C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 DE DE1996635278 patent/DE69635278T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 IL IL12422196A patent/IL124221A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-25 AU AU74708/96A patent/AU7470896A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-25 EP EP96936903A patent/EP0857110B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7470896A (en) | 1997-05-15 |
CN1202133A (zh) | 1998-12-16 |
DE69635278T2 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
EP0857110B1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
EP0857110A4 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
IL124221A (en) | 2001-06-14 |
EP0857110A1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
DE69635278D1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
ES2253758T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
WO1997015444A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
MX9803312A (es) | 1998-11-30 |
US5681640A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
ATE306393T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
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